手工创建Oracle11g完整版（超详细）

一、准备数据库环境

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参照之前oracle11g的安装先进性数据库软件的安装
[oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller

我在这里缺少包（按照我的oracle11g安装不会出现这个问题，直接忽略）
出现错误：缺少包，使用rz上传
[root@localhost ~]# rz
[root@localhost ~]# chmod +x pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5.x86_64.rpm
[root@ localhost~]# rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5.x86_64.rpm

[root@localhost ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.

[root@localhost ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
Performing root user operation.

The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin …
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin …
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin …

Creating /etc/oratab file…
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Do you want to setup Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA) now ? yes|[no] :
yes
Installing Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA).
Log File: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/install/root_localhost.localdomain_2018-01-16_22-46-51-806570335.log
Finished installing Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA)

二、dbca创建数据库

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[oracle@localhost ~]vim.bashprofile追加如下内容：exportORACLEBASE=/u01/app/oracleexportORACLEHOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome1/exportORACLESID=PROD2exportPATH=vim.bashprofile追加如下内容：exportORACLEBASE=/u01/app/oracleexportORACLEHOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome1/exportORACLESID=PROD2exportPATH= vim .bash_profile 追加如下内容： export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/ export ORACLE_SID=PROD2 export PATH=PATH:ORACLEHOME/bin追加完成之后，需要生效该环境变量[oracle@localhost ]ORACLEHOME/bin追加完成之后，需要生效该环境变量[oracle@localhost]ORACLE_HOME/bin 追加完成之后，需要生效该环境变量 [oracle@localhost ~] source .bash_profile
[oracle@localhost ~]dbca创建PROD1数据库，和其他dbca建库一样，只是在下面需要自己创建路径，模板归档都要选，注意字符集，三个联机重做日志文件不需要太大。[oracle@localhost ]dbca创建PROD1数据库，和其他dbca建库一样，只是在下面需要自己创建路径，模板归档都要选，注意字符集，三个联机重做日志文件不需要太大。[oracle@localhost]dbca 创建PROD1数据库，和其他dbca建库一样，只是在下面需要自己创建路径，模板归档都要选，注意字符集，三个联机重做日志文件不需要太大。 [oracle@localhost ~]cd /u01/app/oracle/
[oracle@localhost ~]mkdiroradata[oracle@localhost ]mkdiroradata[oracle@localhost]mkdir oradata [oracle@localhost ~]mkdir archive

三、手动创建数据库

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初始化参数
[oracle@localhostcd ~]cdcd cd ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@localhost dbs]cat init.ora | grep -v ^#| grep -v ^cat init.ora | grep -v ^#| grep -v ^ cat init.ora | grep -v ^#| grep -v ^ >initPROD2.ora
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ cat initPROD2.ora ######控制文件、undo文件注意路径，与前面创建的路径一定要保持一致。
db_name=’PROD2’
memory_target=500m
processes = 150
audit_file_dest=’/u01/app/oracle/admin/PROD2/adump’
audit_trail =’db’
db_block_size=8192
db_domain=”
db_recovery_file_dest=’/u01/app/oracle/archive’
db_recovery_file_dest_size=4G
diagnostic_dest=’/u01/app/oracle’
dispatchers=’(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)’
open_cursors=300
remote_login_passwordfile=’EXCLUSIVE’
undo_tablespace=’UNDOTBS’
control_files = (/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/control1, /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/control2)
compatible =’11.2.0’

创建新数据库相对应的文件
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/PROD2/adump
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2
创建密码文件orapwd file=orapwPROD2 password=oracle entries=3 force=y
export ORACLE_SID=PROD2
sqlplus / as sysdba此时数据可以启动到nomount状态
SQL> startup nomount;
查看环境变量，确保在PROD2上
echo ORACLESIDechoORACLESIDechoORACLE_SID echo ORACLE_SID=PROD2

借助官方文档编写建库语句
mkdir scripts
cd scripts/
vi 1.sql
[oracle@localhost scripts]$ more 1.sq#######日志文件、数据文件等
CREATE DATABASE PROD2
USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle
USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle
LOGFILE GROUP 1 (‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/redo01a.log’,’/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/redo01b.log’) SIZE
100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 2 (‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/redo02a.log’,’/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/redo02b.log’) SIZE
100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 3 (‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/redo03a.log’,’/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/redo03b.log’) SIZE
100M BLOCKSIZE 512
MAXLOGFILES 5
MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
MAXDATAFILES 100
CHARACTER SET US7ASCII
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
DATAFILE ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/system01.dbf’ SIZE 325M REUSE
SYSAUX DATAFILE ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/sysaux01.dbf’ SIZE 325M REUSE
DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
DATAFILE ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/users01.dbf’
SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
TEMPFILE ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/temp01.dbf’
SIZE 20M REUSE
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs
DATAFILE ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/undotbs01.dbf’
SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

[oracle@localhost scripts]chmod+x1.sql给执行权限sqlplus/assysdba@1.sql执行后可以另开一个终端查看[oracle@localhost ]chmod+x1.sql给执行权限sqlplus/assysdba@1.sql执行后可以另开一个终端查看[oracle@localhost] chmod +x 1.sql 给执行权限 sqlplus / as sysdba @1.sql 执行后可以另开一个终端查看 [oracle@localhost ~] cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD2/
[oracle@localhost PROD2]$ ls

跑相应脚本
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
作用：创建数据字典
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
作用：创建存储过程和包
SQL> conn system/oracle
SQL> @?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql
作用：设置sqlplus的一些包，让其它用户可以登录sqlplus
SQL> conn /as sysdba
SQL> select instance_name,status from v$instance; –检查状态，此时数据库应该是open状态

**创建数据库的练习就到这里了，欢迎大家阅读和评论**