MySQL 5.6主从同步配置案例分享

本文环境

主库：Redhat 6.5 x64 192.168.1.180 mysql-5.6.35

备库：Redhat 6.5 x64 192.168.1.181 mysql-5.6.35

一、常规配置方式一

1. mysql主服务器配置

增加如下配置：

# vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

log-bin                = master-bin

log-bin-index          = master-bin.index

binlog_format          = mixed

server-id              = 1

修改my.cnf后重启mysql

#/etc/init.d/mysqld restart

[root@tmaster bin]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart

Shutting down MySQL..                                      [  OK  ]

Starting MySQL.                                                 [  OK  ]

[root@tmaster bin]# mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 1

Server version: 5.6.35-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show master status;

+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

| File              | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |

+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

| master-bin.000002 |     2290 |              |                  |                   |

+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

2. 主服务器配置同步复制帐号

mysql>grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'%' identified by '123456';

--刷新一下权限

mysql>flush privileges;

3. mysql从服务器配置

说明: 默认只要server-id不相同即可。

--增加如下配置：

# vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

log-bin                = slave-bin

binlog_format          = mixed

server-id              = 11

relay-log              = slave-relay-bin

relay-log-index        = slave-relay-bin.index

配置说明: 不同步mysql库可以实现主从库有不同的帐号权限，经过测试，mysql5.6.29中只在从库中配置有效。

其它参数：

binlog-do-db                = mydb    仅同步一个数据库

#replicate-ignore-db        = mysql   忽略掉mysql库,该参数产生很多意外的同步问题，还是不使用。

replicate_wild_ignore_table = mysql.% 忽略掉mysql库

最终从库my.cnf内容如下：

###

log-bin                = slave-bin

binlog_format          = mixed

server-id              = 11

relay-log              = slave-relay-bin

relay-log-index        = slave-relay-bin.index

binlog-do-db                = mydb

replicate_wild_ignore_table = mysql.%

--从库mysql重启后方可生效

# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart

[root@tslave ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart

Shutting down MySQL..                                      [  OK  ]

Starting MySQL.                                            [  OK  ]

4. 测试示例

CREATE DATABASE mydb;

CREATE TABLE user (

id varchar(20) NOT NULL,

username varchar(20) NOT NULL,

password char(32) NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (id)

) ;

INSERT INTO user  VALUES ('1', 'koumm', '123456');

INSERT INTO user  VALUES ('2', 'zhangsan', '123456');

INSERT INTO user  VALUES ('3', 'lisi', '123456');

INSERT INTO user  VALUES ('4', 'li2si', '123456');

INSERT INTO user  VALUES ('5', 'abc', '123456');

INSERT INTO user  VALUES ('6', 'tom', '123456');

INSERT INTO user  VALUES ('7', 'jk', '123456');

INSERT INTO user  VALUES ('8', 'xb', '123456');

5. 正常的主从配置过程

(1) 主库锁表

mysql> flush tables with read lock;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show master status;

+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

| File              | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |

+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

| master-bin.000002 |     2290 |              |                  |                   |

+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

mysql> show master logs;

+-------------------+-----------+

| Log_name          | File_size |

+-------------------+-----------+

| master-bin.000001 |       420 |

| master-bin.000002 |      2290 |

+-------------------+-----------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

(2) 主库备份

[root@master ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p -B mydb >/mysql/backu/mydb.sql

说明：-B参数有建库语句。

(3) 主库解开锁表功能

mysql> unlock tables;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>

6. 从库导入数据库,输入密码后回车

[root@slave ~]# mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:

7. 从库配置同步过程

(1) 配置同步，手动执行同步参数，该配置会写入master.info文件中。

mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO

-> MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.180',

-> MASTER_PORT=3306,

-> MASTER_USER='repl',

-> MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',

-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='master-bin.000002',

-> MASTER_LOG_POS=2290;

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec)

(2) 启动从同步进程

mysql> start slave;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show slave status\G;

*************************** 1. row ***************************

Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

Master_Host: 192.168.1.180

Master_User: repl

Master_Port: 3306

Connect_Retry: 60

Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002

Read_Master_Log_Pos: 2290

Relay_Log_File: slave-relay-bin.000002

Relay_Log_Pos: 284

Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

Replicate_Do_DB:

Replicate_Ignore_DB:

Replicate_Do_Table:

Replicate_Ignore_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: mysql.%

Last_Errno: 0

Last_Error:

Skip_Counter: 0

Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 2290

Relay_Log_Space: 457

Until_Condition: None

Until_Log_File:

Until_Log_Pos: 0

Master_SSL_Allowed: No

Master_SSL_CA_File:

Master_SSL_CA_Path:

Master_SSL_Cert:

Master_SSL_Cipher:

Master_SSL_Key:

Seconds_Behind_Master: 0

Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

Last_IO_Errno: 0

Last_IO_Error:

Last_SQL_Errno: 0

Last_SQL_Error:

Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

Master_Server_Id: 1

Master_UUID: 7baedb0e-5ea0-11e8-8692-000c292185b2

Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql/data/master.info

SQL_Delay: 0

SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL

Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it

Master_Retry_Count: 86400

Master_Bind:

Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:

Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:

Master_SSL_Crl:

Master_SSL_Crlpath:

Retrieved_Gtid_Set:

Executed_Gtid_Set:

Auto_Position: 0

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR:

No query specified

#查看如下两个参数为YES，说明从库运行正常。

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

(3) 测试同步情况

# 主库插入一条记录

mysql> use mydb

Reading table information for completion of table and column names

You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed

mysql> show tables;

+----------------+

| Tables_in_mydb |

+----------------+

| user           |

+----------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from user;

+----+----------+----------+

| id | username | password |

+----+----------+----------+

| 1  | koumm    | 123456   |

| 2  | zhangsan | 123456   |

| 3  | lisi     | 123456   |

| 4  | li2si    | 123456   |

| 5  | abc      | 123456   |

| 6  | tom      | 123456   |

| 7  | jk       | 123456   |

| 8  | xb       | 123456   |

+----+----------+----------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into user values ('9','liang','654321');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> commit;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from user;

+----+----------+----------+

| id | username | password |

+----+----------+----------+

| 1  | koumm    | 123456   |

| 2  | zhangsan | 123456   |

| 3  | lisi     | 123456   |

| 4  | li2si    | 123456   |

| 5  | abc      | 123456   |

| 6  | tom      | 123456   |

| 7  | jk       | 123456   |

| 8  | xb       | 123456   |

| 9  | liang    | 654321   |

+----+----------+----------+

9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

# 从库查询同步情况

mysql> use mydb

Database changed

mysql> select * from user;

+----+----------+----------+

| id | username | password |

+----+----------+----------+

| 1  | koumm    | 123456   |

| 2  | zhangsan | 123456   |

| 3  | lisi     | 123456   |

| 4  | li2si    | 123456   |

| 5  | abc      | 123456   |

| 6  | tom      | 123456   |

| 7  | jk       | 123456   |

| 8  | xb       | 123456   |

| 9  | liang    | 654321   |

+----+----------+----------+

9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

三、主从同步简单管理

1. 停止MYSQL同步

STOP SLAVE IO_THREAD;     #停止IO进程

STOP SLAVE SQL_THREAD;    #停止SQL进程

STOP SLAVE;               #停止IO和SQL进程

2. 启动MYSQL同步

START SLAVE IO_THREAD;    #启动IO进程

START SLAVE SQL_THREAD;   #启动SQL进程

START SLAVE;              #启动IO和SQL进程

3. 重置MYSQL同步

RESET SLAVE;

清除主从同步参数，它会删除master.info和relay-log.info文件，以及所有的中继日志，并启动一个新的中继日志。

适用重新再次配置一次从库的情况。

4. 查看MYSQL同步状态

SHOW SLAVE STATUS;

5. 临时跳过MYSQL同步错误

确保数据一致的情况下临时的跳过这个错误操作如下，有可能要多次。

STOP SLAVE;

SET GLOBAL SQL_SLAVE_SKIP_COUNTER=1;

START SLAVE;

# vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

#slave-skip-errors=1062,1053,1146 #跳过指定error no类型的错误

#slave-skip-errors=all            #跳过所有错误

原来参考：https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-04/130729.htm

其它相关资料参考：

实现两个MySQL数据库之间的主从同步 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-02/128100.htm

Linux环境中MySQL主从同步--添加新的从库 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-08/122448.htm

通过 XtraBackup 实现不停机不锁表搭建MySQL主从同步 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-08/121806.htm

MySQL主从同步配置记录 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-07/119939.htm

Linux下MySQL数据库主从同步配置 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-03/129138.htm