JavaWeb - Excel/Word（2003/2007、上传/下载、解析/生成、导入/导出）

案例分析
技术说明

Ps：导出Word还需要关注一个“格式”的问题，否则就没必要用Word了，直接txt更方便。

Ps：Word 2003：HwPFDocument；Word 2007：XwPFDocument。
代码流程
效果图
项目结构图

共享代码

// web.xml<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"version="3.1"><servlet><servlet-name>indexServlet</servlet-name><servlet-class>org.imooc.servlet.IndexServlet</servlet-class></servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>indexServlet</servlet-name><url-pattern>/index</url-pattern></servlet-mapping><servlet><servlet-name>importExcelInit</servlet-name><servlet-class>org.imooc.servlet.ImportExcelInitServlet</servlet-class></servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>importExcelInit</servlet-name><url-pattern>/importExcelInit</url-pattern></servlet-mapping><servlet><servlet-name>importExcel</servlet-name><servlet-class>org.imooc.servlet.ImportExcelServlet</servlet-class></servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>importExcel</servlet-name><url-pattern>/importExcel</url-pattern></servlet-mapping><servlet><servlet-name>exportExcelInit</servlet-name><servlet-class>org.imooc.servlet.ExportExcelInitServlet</servlet-class></servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>exportExcelInit</servlet-name><url-pattern>/exportExcelInit</url-pattern></servlet-mapping><servlet><servlet-name>exportExcel</servlet-name><servlet-class>org.imooc.servlet.ExportExcelServlet</servlet-class></servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>exportExcel</servlet-name><url-pattern>/exportExcel</url-pattern></servlet-mapping><servlet><servlet-name>importWordInit</servlet-name><servlet-class>org.imooc.servlet.ImportWordInitServlet</servlet-class></servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>importWordInit</servlet-name><url-pattern>/importWordInit</url-pattern></servlet-mapping><servlet><servlet-name>importWord</servlet-name><servlet-class>org.imooc.servlet.ImportWordServlet</servlet-class></servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>importWord</servlet-name><url-pattern>/importWord</url-pattern></servlet-mapping><servlet><servlet-name>exportWordInit</servlet-name><servlet-class>org.imooc.servlet.ExportWordInitServlet</servlet-class></servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>exportWordInit</servlet-name><url-pattern>/exportWordInit</url-pattern></servlet-mapping><servlet><servlet-name>exportWord</servlet-name><servlet-class>org.imooc.servlet.ExportWordServlet</servlet-class></servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>exportWord</servlet-name><url-pattern>/exportWord</url-pattern></servlet-mapping><jsp-config><jsp-property-group><url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern><include-prelude>/WEB-INF/jsp/common.jsp</include-prelude></jsp-property-group></jsp-config>
</web-app>

// common.jsp<%String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://" + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort() + request.getContextPath();request.setAttribute("basePath", basePath);
%>

// index.jsp<div class="ileft" id="menuDiv"><h3 onclick="clickSecondMenu(this,'${basePath}/importExcelInit')"><a>导入Excel</a></h3><h3 onclick="clickSecondMenu(this,'${basePath}/exportExcelInit')"><a>导出Excel</a></h3><h3 onclick="clickSecondMenu(this,'${basePath}/importWordInit')"><a>导入Word</a></h3><h3 onclick="clickSecondMenu(this,'${basePath}/exportWordInit')"><a>导出Word</a></h3>
</div>

package org.imooc.dto;import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;public class ParamDto {private Map<String,String> paramMap;private Map<String,FileItem> fileMap;public ParamDto() {paramMap = new HashMap<>();fileMap = new HashMap<>();}...
}package org.imooc.dto;import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;public class ImportExcelParamDto {private String title;private FileItem excel;...
}package org.imooc.dto;import org.imooc.entity.Student;
import java.util.List;public class ImportExcelResultDto {private String title;private List<Student> studentList;private String msg;...
}package org.imooc.dto;import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;public class ImportWordParamDto {private String title;private FileItem word;...
}package org.imooc.dto;public class ImportWordResultDto {private String title;private String content;private String msg;...
}package org.imooc.entity;import java.util.Date;public class Student {private String name;private Integer age;private Date time;...
}

package org.imooc.util;import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
import org.imooc.dto.ParamDto;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.util.List;public class RequestUtil {/*** 从request流中解析参数与上传的文件* @param request*/public static ParamDto parseParam(HttpServletRequest request) {ParamDto result = new ParamDto();ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(new DiskFileItemFactory());upload.setHeaderEncoding("UTF-8");try {List<FileItem> fileItemList = upload.parseRequest(request);for(FileItem fileItem : fileItemList) {if(fileItem.isFormField()) { // 普通字段result.getParamMap().put(fileItem.getFieldName(),fileItem.getString("UTF-8"));}else { // 文件字段result.getFileMap().put(fileItem.getFieldName(),fileItem);}}} catch (FileUploadException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}return result;}
}

package org.imooc.service;import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.WorkbookFactory;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
import org.imooc.dto.ImportExcelParamDto;
import org.imooc.dto.ImportExcelResultDto;
import org.imooc.entity.Student;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;public class ExcelService {public ImportExcelResultDto imp(ImportExcelParamDto dto) {ImportExcelResultDto result = new ImportExcelResultDto();result.setTitle(dto.getTitle());List<Student> studentList = new ArrayList<>();result.setStudentList(studentList);Workbook workbook = null;try {// 整个excel（包含里面很多的sheet）workbook = WorkbookFactory.create(dto.getExcel().getInputStream());// 第0个sheetSheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);// 从0开始数，但是这里的 rowNum == len-1int rowNum = sheet.getLastRowNum();for(int i = 1; i <= rowNum; i++) {// 第1行，因为第0行是字段名Row row = sheet.getRow(i);Student student = new Student();studentList.add(student);// 获取单元格cell的内容// 注意：这里的数据类型要与excel的单元格的数据类型对齐，右键【设置单元格格式（F）…】查看student.setName(row.getCell(0).getStringCellValue());student.setAge((int) row.getCell(1).getNumericCellValue());student.setTime(row.getCell(2).getDateCellValue());}} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();result.setMsg("解析Excel失败！");} finally {if(workbook != null) {try {workbook.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}return result;}public Workbook export(boolean isXlsx) {Workbook workbook;if(isXlsx) { // 07workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();} else { // 03workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(); }Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("My Sheet");List<List<String>> content = this.getContent();for(int i = 0; i < content.size(); i++) {Row row = sheet.createRow(i);List<String> rowData = content.get(i);for(int j  = 0; j < rowData.size(); j++) {row.createCell(j).setCellValue(rowData.get(j));}}return workbook;}private List<List<String>> getContent() {List<List<String>> result = new ArrayList<>();List<String> row = new ArrayList<>();result.add(row);row.add("序号");row.add("姓名");row.add("年龄");row.add("时间");row = new ArrayList<>();result.add(row);row.add("1");row.add("路人甲");row.add("18");row.add("2010-01-01");row = new ArrayList<>();result.add(row);row.add("2");row.add("路人乙");row.add("19");row.add("2010-01-02");row = new ArrayList<>();result.add(row);row.add("3");row.add("路人丙");row.add("20");row.add("2010-01-03");return result;}
}

package org.imooc.service;import org.apache.poi.hwpf.HWPFDocument;
import org.apache.poi.hwpf.usermodel.Range;
import org.apache.poi.poifs.filesystem.OfficeXmlFileException;
import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFDocument;
import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFParagraph;
import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFRun;
import org.imooc.dto.ImportWordParamDto;
import org.imooc.dto.ImportWordResultDto;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;public class WordService {/*** 导入*/public ImportWordResultDto imp(ImportWordParamDto dto) {ImportWordResultDto result = new ImportWordResultDto();result.setTitle(dto.getTitle());HWPFDocument doc = null; // 03try {doc = new HWPFDocument(dto.getWord().getInputStream());// word 中的换行标识符是 \rresult.setContent(doc.getDocumentText().replace("\r","<br/>"));} catch (OfficeXmlFileException oe) {System.out.println("这可能是一个07版的Word");} catch (Exception e) {result.setMsg("这可能不是一个Word");return result;} finally {if(doc != null) {try {doc.close();return result;} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}// 07XWPFDocument docx = null;try {docx = new XWPFDocument(dto.getWord().getInputStream());List<XWPFParagraph> paragraphList = docx.getParagraphs();StringBuilder content = new StringBuilder();// 07Word 以段落的方式分割，是手动换行才算；而不是空间不够挤到下一行，这不算换行，会当成同一个段落里for (int i = 0; i < paragraphList.size(); i++) {if(i != 0) {content.append("<br/>");}content.append(paragraphList.get(i).getText());}result.setContent(content.toString());} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {if(docx != null) {try {docx.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}return result;}/*** 导出03版Word*/public HWPFDocument export03(Map<String,String> replaceContent) {HWPFDocument doc = null;try {// 模板文件地址载入doc = new HWPFDocument(new FileInputStream("D:\\template\\template_03.doc"));Range range = doc.getRange();for(Map.Entry<String,String> entry : replaceContent.entrySet()) {range.replaceText(entry.getKey(),entry.getValue());}} catch (Exception e) {return null;}return doc;}/*** 导出07版Word*/public XWPFDocument export07(Map<String,String> replaceContent) {XWPFDocument docx = null;try {// 模板文件地址载入，导出一定要有模板文件，否则是不行的。docx = new XWPFDocument(new FileInputStream("D:\\template\\template_07.docx"));List<XWPFParagraph> paragraphList = docx.getParagraphs();for(XWPFParagraph paragraph : paragraphList) {List<XWPFRun> runs = paragraph.getRuns();// run 是根据格式不一样来分割for(XWPFRun run : runs) {String str = run.getText(run.getTextPosition());for(Map.Entry<String,String> entry : replaceContent.entrySet()) {str = str.replace(entry.getKey(),entry.getValue());}run.setText(str,0);}}} catch (IOException e) {return null;}return docx;}
}

导入Excel（核心代码）

package org.imooc.servlet;import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;public class ImportExcelInitServlet extends HttpServlet {@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {this.doPost(req, resp);}@Overrideprotected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {req.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/importExcel.jsp").forward(req,resp);}
}

// importExcel.jsp<form id="mainForm" method="post" enctype="" action="${basePath}/importExcel"><input id="title" name="title" type="text"/><input type="file" name="excel" /><input value="导入" onclick="document.getElementById('mainForm').submit();" type="button" />
</form>

package org.imooc.servlet;import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
import org.imooc.dto.ImportExcelParamDto;
import org.imooc.dto.ImportExcelResultDto;
import org.imooc.dto.ParamDto;
import org.imooc.service.ExcelService;
import org.imooc.util.RequestUtil;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;public class ImportExcelServlet extends HttpServlet {@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {this.doPost(req, resp);}@Overrideprotected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {if(ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(req)) { // enctype="multipart/form-data" 带文件上传的表单ParamDto dto = RequestUtil.parseParam(req);ImportExcelParamDto paramDto = new ImportExcelParamDto();paramDto.setTitle(dto.getParamMap().get("title"));paramDto.setExcel(dto.getFileMap().get("excel"));ExcelService service = new ExcelService();ImportExcelResultDto resultDto = service.imp(paramDto);req.setAttribute("result",resultDto);}else { // 普通表单// req.getParameter("");}req.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/importExcelResult.jsp").forward(req,resp);}
}

// importExcelResult.jsp<script type="text/javascript">function bodyInit() {// 与EL搭配使用时，必须要加引号，因为读取出来不是字符串，比如：张三，而不是"张三"// if('') --> false; if('有内容') --> trueif('${result.msg}') {alert('${result.msg}');}}
</script><body onload="bodyInit();"><tr><td>标题：</td><td>${result.title}</td></tr><c:forEach items="${result.studentList}" var="item" varStatus="s"><tr><td>${s.count}</td><td>${item.name}</td><td>${item.age}</td><td><fmt:formatDate value="${item.time}" pattern="yyyy-MM-dd"/></td></tr></c:forEach>
</body>

导出Excel（核心代码）

package org.imooc.servlet;import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;public class ExportExcelInitServlet extends HttpServlet {@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {this.doPost(req, resp);}@Overrideprotected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {req.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/exportExcel.jsp").forward(req,resp);}
}

// exportExcel.jsp<form action="${basePath}/exportExcel" id="mainForm" method="post"><td>标题：</td><td><input id="title" value="" type="text" /></td><td><input value="查询" onclick="" type="button" /><input value="导出" onclick="document.getElementById('mainForm').submit();" type="button" /></td>
</form>

package org.imooc.servlet;import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
import org.imooc.service.ExcelService;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;public class ExportExcelServlet extends HttpServlet {@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {this.doPost(req, resp);}@Overrideprotected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {ExcelService service = new ExcelService();Workbook workbook = service.export(true);resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename=export.xlsx");ServletOutputStream outputStream = resp.getOutputStream();// 直接将文件输出提供下载导出workbook.write(outputStream);outputStream.flush();outputStream.close();workbook.close();// 把文件先存下来再提供下载导出// 想用这种方法把上边【直接将文件输出提供下载导出】部分注释掉，把下边这部分代码放开运行//        FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("d:/upload/export.xlsx");
//        workbook.write(fileOutputStream);
//        FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream("d:/upload/export.xlsx");
//        byte[] bytes = new byte[fileInputStream.available()];
//        fileInputStream.read(bytes);
//        outputStream.write(bytes);
//        outputStream.flush();
//        outputStream.close();
//        workbook.close();}
}/*
第一种：直接将文件输出提供下载导出客户端：我要一个表格服务器：好，我在处理服务器（处理好了）服务器：接着！（直接把处理好的丢给客户端，所以服务端丢完就没了）客户端：拿到了！第二种：把文件先存下来再提供下载导出客户端：我要一个表格服务器：好，我在处理服务器（处理好了）服务器：路径给你，自己下载一份！（把处理好的保存在自己的磁盘，所以服务端还存在）客户端：我下载好了！（是根据服务器提供的下载路径下载下来，相当于服务器是原本，客户端是拷贝本）
*/

导入Word（核心代码）

package org.imooc.servlet;import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;public class ImportWordInitServlet extends HttpServlet {@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {this.doPost(req, resp);}@Overrideprotected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {req.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/importWord.jsp").forward(req,resp);}
}

// importWord.jsp<form id="mainForm" method="post" action="${basePath}/importWord" enctype="multipart/form-data"><input id="title" name="title" type="text"/><input type="file" name="word" /><input value="导入" onclick="document.getElementById('mainForm').submit();" type="button" />
</form>

package org.imooc.servlet;import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
import org.imooc.dto.*;
import org.imooc.service.WordService;
import org.imooc.util.RequestUtil;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;public class ImportWordServlet extends HttpServlet {@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {this.doPost(req, resp);}@Overrideprotected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {if(ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(req)) { // 带有文件表单ParamDto dto = RequestUtil.parseParam(req);ImportWordParamDto paramDto = new ImportWordParamDto();paramDto.setTitle(dto.getParamMap().get("title"));paramDto.setWord(dto.getFileMap().get("word"));WordService service = new WordService();ImportWordResultDto resultDto = service.imp(paramDto);req.setAttribute("result",resultDto);}else { // 普通表单// req.getParameter("");}req.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/importWordResult.jsp").forward(req,resp);}
}

// importWordResult.jsp<script type="text/javascript">function bodyInit() {if('${result.msg}') {alert('${result.msg}');}}
</script><body onload="bodyInit();"><form action="" id="mainForm" method="post"><tr><td>标题：</td><td>${result.title}</td></tr><tr><td>内容：</td><td>${result.content}</td></tr></form>
</body>

导出Word（核心代码）

package org.imooc.servlet;import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;public class ExportWordInitServlet extends HttpServlet {@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {this.doPost(req, resp);}@Overrideprotected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {req.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/exportWord.jsp").forward(req,resp);}
}

// exportWord.jsp<form id="mainForm" method="post" action="${basePath}/exportWord"><input type="hidden" name="isDocx" id="isDocx"/><input name="name" value="张三" type="text" /><input name="age" value="40" type="text" /><input name="time" value="2016-01-01" type="text" /><input value="导出03" type="button" onclick="document.getElementById('isDocx').value = '';document.getElementById('mainForm').submit();"/><input value="导出07" type="button" onclick="document.getElementById('isDocx').value = '1';document.getElementById('mainForm').submit();"/>
</form>

package org.imooc.servlet;import org.apache.poi.hwpf.HWPFDocument;
import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFDocument;
import org.imooc.service.WordService;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;public class ExportWordServlet extends HttpServlet {@Overrideprotected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {this.doPost(req, resp);}@Overrideprotected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {// 用流直接输出，服务器没有保存req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");WordService service = new WordService();Map<String,String> param = new HashMap<>();param.put("${name}",req.getParameter("name"));param.put("${age}",req.getParameter("age"));param.put("${time}",req.getParameter("time"));ServletOutputStream outputStream = resp.getOutputStream();if(req.getParameter("isDocx") != null && !"".equals(req.getParameter("isDocx"))) {XWPFDocument docx = service.export07(param);resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename=export.docx");docx.write(outputStream);docx.close();} else {HWPFDocument doc = service.export03(param);resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename=export.doc");doc.write(outputStream);doc.close();}outputStream.flush();outputStream.close();}
}

下载地址：点击进入下载页面
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