python代码转换成EXE文件之pyinstaller使用教程

1. Pyinstaller简介

python脚本如果在没有安装python的机器上不能运行，所以将脚本打包成exe文件，降低脚本对环境的依赖性，同时运行更加迅速。当然打包的脚本似乎不是在所有的win平台下都能使用，win7有一部分不能使用，我在win10能够很好的运行。

PyInstaller库是将.py源代码转换成无需源代码的可执行文件的一个第三方库。

2. 安装方法

pip install pyinstaller

国内建议使用国内源等加快下载速度，使用方式如下：

pip install -i <国内源> pyinstaller

例如：使用豆瓣源

pip install -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple pyinstaller

国内源有清华、阿里、中科大等，可根据自己需求选择

3. 使用方法

pyinstaller [optional arguments] positional arguments

参数详解：

positional arguments：即为需要转换的代码源文件，一般为.py结尾的python源代码文件。

optional arguments：

-h, --help----------------------------显示帮助
-v, --version------------------------显示pyinstaller版本
--distpath DIR---------------------存放生成exe的位置，默认当前目录下dist文件夹
--workpath WORKPATH----- --存放.log, .pyz等临时文件目录，默认为当前目录下build文件夹
-y, --noconfirm--------------------转换后软件的存放目录
--upx-dir UPX_DIR--------------UPX（用于exe压缩）路径，默认会自动搜索其路径
-a, --ascii---------------------------不支持unicode编码，默认尽可能支持
--clean------------------------------创建新程序前清理缓存及临时文件
--log-level LEVEL----------------日志级别，取值有：TRACE, DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR, CRITICAL，默认为INFO

-D, --onedir-----------------------默认选项，生成包含exe程序的文件夹
-F, --onefile-----------------------单独生成一个exe文件
--specpath DIR------------------存放规范文件的路径，默认为当前目录
-n NAME, --name NAME------转换后exe的名称，默认为脚本名称，例如：run.py转换后默认为run.exe

What to bundle, where to search:
--add-data <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>
Additional non-binary files or folders to be added to
the executable. The path separator is platform
specific, ``os.pathsep`` (which is ``;`` on Windows
and ``:`` on most unix systems) is used. This option
can be used multiple times.
--add-binary <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>
Additional binary files to be added to the executable.
See the ``--add-data`` option for more details. This
option can be used multiple times.
-p DIR, --paths DIR A path to search for imports (like using PYTHONPATH).
Multiple paths are allowed, separated by ';', or use
this option multiple times
--hidden-import MODULENAME, --hiddenimport MODULENAME
Name an import not visible in the code of the
script(s). This option can be used multiple times.
--additional-hooks-dir HOOKSPATH
An additional path to search for hooks. This option
can be used multiple times.
--runtime-hook RUNTIME_HOOKS
Path to a custom runtime hook file. A runtime hook is
code that is bundled with the executable and is
executed before any other code or module to set up
special features of the runtime environment. This
option can be used multiple times.
--exclude-module EXCLUDES
Optional module or package (the Python name, not the
path name) that will be ignored (as though it was not
found). This option can be used multiple times.
--key KEY The key used to encrypt Python bytecode.

How to generate:
-d {all,imports,bootloader,noarchive}, --debug {all,imports,bootloader,noarchive}
Provide assistance with debugging a frozen
application. This argument may be provided multiple
times to select several of the following options.

- all: All three of the following options.

- imports: specify the -v option to the underlying
Python interpreter, causing it to print a message
each time a module is initialized, showing the
place (filename or built-in module) from which it
is loaded. See
https://docs.python.org/3/using/cmdline.html#id4.

- bootloader: tell the bootloader to issue progress
messages while initializing and starting the
bundled app. Used to diagnose problems with
missing imports.

- noarchive: instead of storing all frozen Python
source files as an archive inside the resulting
executable, store them as files in the resulting
output directory.

-s, --strip Apply a symbol-table strip to the executable and
shared libs (not recommended for Windows)
--noupx Do not use UPX even if it is available (works
differently between Windows and *nix)
--upx-exclude FILE Prevent a binary from being compressed when using upx.
This is typically used if upx corrupts certain
binaries during compression. FILE is the filename of
the binary without path. This option can be used
multiple times.

Windows和Mac OS X特有选项:
-c, --console, --nowindowed----------使用windows控制台，此为默认选项
-w, --windowed, --noconsole----------不使用windows或Mac OS控制台
-i <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns>, --icon <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE
FILE.ico: 指定windows exe的图标
FILE.exe,ID：根据ID提取指定exe的图标并使用
FILE.icns: 指定Mac OS X系统程序图标
Windows特有选项:
--version-file FILE add a version resource from FILE to the exe
-m <FILE or XML>, --manifest <FILE or XML>
add manifest FILE or XML to the exe
-r RESOURCE, --resource RESOURCE
Add or update a resource to a Windows executable. The
RESOURCE is one to four items,
FILE[,TYPE[,NAME[,LANGUAGE]]]. FILE can be a data file
or an exe/dll. For data files, at least TYPE and NAME
must be specified. LANGUAGE defaults to 0 or may be
specified as wildcard * to update all resources of the
given TYPE and NAME. For exe/dll files, all resources
from FILE will be added/updated to the final
executable if TYPE, NAME and LANGUAGE are omitted or
specified as wildcard *.This option can be used
multiple times.
--uac-admin Using this option creates a Manifest which will
request elevation upon application restart.
--uac-uiaccess Using this option allows an elevated application to
work with Remote Desktop.

Windows Side-by-side Assembly searching options (advanced):
--win-private-assemblies
Any Shared Assemblies bundled into the application
will be changed into Private Assemblies. This means
the exact versions of these assemblies will always be
used, and any newer versions installed on user
machines at the system level will be ignored.
--win-no-prefer-redirects
While searching for Shared or Private Assemblies to
bundle into the application, PyInstaller will prefer
not to follow policies that redirect to newer
versions, and will try to bundle the exact versions of
the assembly.

Mac OS X specific options:
--osx-bundle-identifier BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER
Mac OS X .app bundle identifier is used as the default
unique program name for code signing purposes. The
usual form is a hierarchical name in reverse DNS
notation. For example:
com.mycompany.department.appname (default: first
script's basename)

Rarely used special options:
--runtime-tmpdir PATH
Where to extract libraries and support files in
`onefile`-mode. If this option is given, the
bootloader will ignore any temp-folder location
defined by the run-time OS. The ``_MEIxxxxxx``-folder
will be created here. Please use this option only if
you know what you are doing.
--bootloader-ignore-signals
Tell the bootloader to ignore signals rather than
forwarding them to the child process. Useful in
situations where e.g. a supervisor process signals
both the bootloader and child (e.g. via a process
group) to avoid signalling the child twice.

使用示例：