pygame 游戏开发

简单的战旗游戏开发学习
在网上找寻教程之后搞出了这么个雏形

游戏介绍
游戏实现了战斗场景的回合制玩法：对战双方每个生物每一轮有一次行动机会，可以行走或攻击对方。每个生物属性有：行走范围，速度，生命，伤害，防御，攻击和是否是远程兵种。当把对方生物都消灭时，即胜利。

代码介绍
对于战旗类游戏的核心还是地图，虽然网上有六边形的地图教程但是没看太懂就做正方形的吧首先定义函数，width 和 height 为地图的宽度和长度，bg_map 设置方格的背景颜色， entity_map 保存哪个方格上有生物。active_entity表示当前要行动的生物。

class Map():def __init__(self, width, height, grid):self.width = widthself.height = heightself.bg_map = [[0 for x in range(self.width)] for y in range(self.height)]self.entity_map = [[None for x in range(self.width)] for y in range(self.height)]self.active_entity = Noneself.select = Noneself.setupMapImage(grid)self.setupMouseImage()

当我方生物选择行动时，设置生物可行走范围内的方格背景为 c.BG_RANGE 。active_entity 的 inRange 函数判断一个方格是否在行走范围内。

 def updateMap(self):for y in range(self.height):for x in range(self.width):self.bg_map[y][x] = c.BG_EMPTYif self.entity_map[y][x] is not None and self.entity_map[y][x].isDead():self.entity_map[y][x] = Noneif self.active_entity is None or self.active_entity.state != c.IDLE:returnmap_x, map_y = self.active_entity.map_x, self.active_entity.map_yself.bg_map[map_y][map_x] = c.BG_ACTIVEfor y in range(self.height):for x in range(self.width):if not self.isMovable(x,y) or not self.isValid(x,y):continueif self.active_entity.inRange(self, x, y):self.bg_map[y][x] = c.BG_RANGEmouse_x, mouse_y = pg.mouse.get_pos()self.checkMouseMove(mouse_x, mouse_y)

接下来完善下我们的map代码

import pygame as pg
from .. import tool
from .. import constants as cclass Map():def __init__(self, width, height, grid):self.width = widthself.height = heightself.bg_map = [[0 for x in range(self.width)] for y in range(self.height)]self.entity_map = [[None for x in range(self.width)] for y in range(self.height)]self.active_entity = Noneself.select = Noneself.setupMapImage(grid)self.setupMouseImage()def setupMapImage(self, grid):self.grid_map = [[0 for x in range(self.width)] for y in range(self.height)]if grid is not None:for data in grid:x, y, type = data['x'], data['y'], data['type']self.grid_map[y][x] = typeself.map_image = pg.Surface((self.width * c.REC_SIZE, self.height * c.REC_SIZE)).convert()self.rect = self.map_image.get_rect()self.rect.x = 0self.rect.y = 0for y in range(self.height):for x in range(self.width):type = self.grid_map[y][x]if type != c.MAP_EMPTY:if c.MAP_HEXAGON:base_x, base_y = tool.getHexMapPos(x, y)self.map_image.blit(tool.GRID[type], (base_x, base_y))else:self.map_image.blit(tool.GRID[type], (x * c.REC_SIZE, y * c.REC_SIZE))self.map_image.set_colorkey(c.BLACK)def setupMouseImage(self):self.mouse_frames = []frame_rect = (0, 0, 25, 27)self.mouse_image = tool.get_image(tool.GFX[c.MOUSE], *frame_rect, c.BLACK, 1)self.mouse_rect = self.mouse_image.get_rect()pg.mouse.set_visible(False)def isValid(self, map_x, map_y):if c.MAP_HEXAGON:if map_y % 2 == 0:max_x = self.widthelse:max_x = self.width - 1else:max_x = self.widthif (map_x < 0 or map_x >= max_x ormap_y < 0 or map_y >= self.height):return Falsereturn Truedef isMovable(self, map_x, map_y):return (self.entity_map[map_y][map_x] == None and self.grid_map[map_y][map_x] != c.MAP_STONE)def getMapIndex(self, x, y):if c.MAP_HEXAGON:return tool.getHexMapIndex(x, y)else:return (x//c.REC_SIZE, y//c.REC_SIZE)def getDistance(self, x1, y1, map_x2, map_y2):if c.MAP_HEXAGON:x2, y2 = tool.getHexMapPos(map_x2, map_y2)x2 += c.HEX_X_SIZE // 2y2 += c.HEX_Y_SIZE // 2distance = (abs(x1 - x2) + abs(y1 - y2))else:map_x1, map_y1 = self.getMapIndex(x1, y1)x2 = map_x2 * c.REC_SIZE + c.REC_SIZE//2y2 = map_y2 * c.REC_SIZE + c.REC_SIZE//2distance = (abs(x1 - x2) + abs(y1 - y2))if map_x1 != map_x2 and map_y1 != map_y2:distance -= c.REC_SIZE//2return distancedef checkMouseClick(self, x, y):if self.active_entity is None:return Falsemap_x, map_y = self.getMapIndex(x, y)if not self.isValid(map_x, map_y):return Falseentity = self.entity_map[map_y][map_x]if ((entity is None or entity == self.active_entity) and self.active_entity.inRange(self, map_x, map_y)):self.active_entity.setDestination(map_x, map_y)return Trueelif entity is not None:if self.active_entity.isRemote():self.active_entity.setTarget(entity)return Trueelif self.select is not None:self.active_entity.setDestination(self.select[0], self.select[1], entity)return Truereturn Falsedef checkMouseMove(self, x, y):if self.active_entity is None:return Falsemap_x, map_y = self.getMapIndex(x, y)if not self.isValid(map_x, map_y):return Falseself.select = Noneentity = self.entity_map[map_y][map_x]if ((self.isMovable(map_x, map_y) or entity == self.active_entity) and self.active_entity.inRange(self, map_x, map_y)):self.bg_map[map_y][map_x] = c.BG_SELECTelif entity is not None:if entity.group_id != self.active_entity.group_id:if self.active_entity.isRemote():self.bg_map[map_y][map_x] = c.BG_ATTACKelse:dir_list = tool.getAttackPositions(map_x, map_y)res_list = []for offset_x, offset_y in dir_list:if self.isValid(map_x + offset_x, map_y + offset_y):type = self.bg_map[map_y + offset_y][map_x + offset_x]if type == c.BG_RANGE or type == c.BG_ACTIVE:res_list.append((map_x + offset_x, map_y + offset_y))if len(res_list) > 0:min_dis = c.MAP_WIDTHfor tmp_x, tmp_y in res_list:distance = self.getDistance(x, y, tmp_x, tmp_y)if distance < min_dis:min_dis = distanceres = (tmp_x, tmp_y)self.bg_map[res[1]][res[0]] = c.BG_SELECTself.bg_map[map_y][map_x] = c.BG_ATTACKself.select = resdef setEntity(self, map_x, map_y, value):self.entity_map[map_y][map_x] = valuedef drawMouseShow(self, surface):x, y = pg.mouse.get_pos()map_x, map_y = self.getMapIndex(x, y)if self.isValid(map_x, map_y):self.mouse_rect.x = xself.mouse_rect.y = ysurface.blit(self.mouse_image, self.mouse_rect)def updateMap(self):for y in range(self.height):for x in range(self.width):self.bg_map[y][x] = c.BG_EMPTYif self.entity_map[y][x] is not None and self.entity_map[y][x].isDead():self.entity_map[y][x] = Noneif self.active_entity is None or self.active_entity.state != c.IDLE:returnmap_x, map_y = self.active_entity.map_x, self.active_entity.map_yself.bg_map[map_y][map_x] = c.BG_ACTIVEfor y in range(self.height):for x in range(self.width):if not self.isMovable(x,y) or not self.isValid(x,y):continueif self.active_entity.inRange(self, x, y):self.bg_map[y][x] = c.BG_RANGEmouse_x, mouse_y = pg.mouse.get_pos()self.checkMouseMove(mouse_x, mouse_y)def drawBackground(self, surface):if c.MAP_HEXAGON:return self.drawBackgroundHex(surface)pg.draw.rect(surface, c.LIGHTYELLOW, pg.Rect(0, 0, c.MAP_WIDTH, c.MAP_HEIGHT))for y in range(self.height):for x in range(self.width):if self.bg_map[y][x] == c.BG_EMPTY:color = c.LIGHTYELLOWelif self.bg_map[y][x] == c.BG_ACTIVE:color = c.SKY_BLUEelif self.bg_map[y][x] == c.BG_RANGE:color = c.NAVYBLUEelif self.bg_map[y][x] == c.BG_SELECT:color = c.GREENelif self.bg_map[y][x] == c.BG_ATTACK:color = c.GOLDpg.draw.rect(surface, color, (x * c.REC_SIZE, y * c.REC_SIZE, c.REC_SIZE, c.REC_SIZE))surface.blit(self.map_image, self.rect)for y in range(self.height):# draw a horizontal linestart_pos = (0, 0 + c.REC_SIZE * y)end_pos = (c.MAP_WIDTH, c.REC_SIZE * y)pg.draw.line(surface, c.BLACK, start_pos, end_pos, 1)for x in range(self.width):# draw a horizontal linestart_pos = (c.REC_SIZE * x, 0) end_pos = (c.REC_SIZE * x, c.MAP_HEIGHT)pg.draw.line(surface, c.BLACK, start_pos, end_pos, 1)def calHeuristicDistance(self, x1, y1, x2, y2):if c.MAP_HEXAGON:dis_y = abs(y1 - y2)dis_x = abs(x1 - x2)half_y = dis_y // 2if dis_y >= dis_x:dis_x = 0else:dis_x -= half_yreturn (dis_y + dis_x)else:return abs(x1 - x2) + abs(y1 - y2)def drawBackgroundHex(self, surface):Y_LEN = c.HEX_Y_SIZE // 2X_LEN = c.HEX_X_SIZE // 2pg.draw.rect(surface, c.LIGHTYELLOW, pg.Rect(0, 0, c.MAP_WIDTH, c.MAP_HEIGHT))for y in range(self.height):for x in range(self.width):if self.bg_map[y][x] == c.BG_EMPTY:color = c.LIGHTYELLOWelif self.bg_map[y][x] == c.BG_ACTIVE:color = c.SKY_BLUEelif self.bg_map[y][x] == c.BG_RANGE:color = c.NAVYBLUEelif self.bg_map[y][x] == c.BG_SELECT:color = c.GREENelif self.bg_map[y][x] == c.BG_ATTACK:color = c.GOLDbase_x, base_y = tool.getHexMapPos(x, y)points = [(base_x, base_y + Y_LEN//2 + Y_LEN), (base_x, base_y + Y_LEN//2),(base_x + X_LEN, base_y), (base_x + X_LEN * 2, base_y + Y_LEN//2),(base_x + X_LEN * 2, base_y + Y_LEN//2 + Y_LEN), (base_x + X_LEN, base_y + Y_LEN*2)]pg.draw.polygon(surface, color, points)surface.blit(self.map_image, self.rect)for y in range(self.height):for x in range(self.width):if y % 2 == 1 and x == self.width - 1:continuebase_x, base_y = tool.getHexMapPos(x, y)points = [(base_x, base_y + Y_LEN//2 + Y_LEN), (base_x, base_y + Y_LEN//2),(base_x + X_LEN, base_y), (base_x + X_LEN * 2, base_y + Y_LEN//2),(base_x + X_LEN * 2, base_y + Y_LEN//2 + Y_LEN), (base_x + X_LEN, base_y + Y_LEN*2)]pg.draw.lines(surface, c.BLACK, True, points)

接下来我们要搞定的就是人物类，我们的函数要实现：1.生物属于敌我哪一方 2.初始时生物在地图上的位置 3.保存生物的所有属性 4.生物的行走 5.生物的三种形态那么看代码

import pygame as pg
from .. import tool
from .. import constants as c
from .. import AStarSearch
from . import mapclass FireBall():def __init__(self, x, y, enemy, hurt):# first 3 Frames are flying, last 4 frams are explodingframe_rect = (0,0,14,14)self.image = tool.get_image(tool.GFX[c.FIREBALL], *frame_rect, c.BLACK, c.SIZE_MULTIPLIER)self.rect = self.image.get_rect()self.rect.centerx = xself.rect.centery = yself.enemy = enemyself.hurt = hurtself.done = Falseself.calVelocity()def calVelocity(self):#print('calVelocity: x:', self.enemy.rect.centerx, self.rect.centerx, 'y:', self.enemy.rect.centery,self.rect.centery)dis_x = self.enemy.rect.centerx - self.rect.centerxdis_y = self.enemy.rect.centery - self.rect.centerydistance = (dis_x ** 2 + dis_y ** 2) ** 0.5self.x_vel = (dis_x * 10)/distanceself.y_vel = (dis_y * 10)/distancedef update(self):self.rect.x += self.x_velself.rect.y += self.y_velif abs(self.rect.x - self.enemy.rect.x) + abs(self.rect.y - self.enemy.rect.y) < 25:self.enemy.setHurt(self.hurt)self.done = Truedef draw(self, surface):surface.blit(self.image, self.rect)class EntityAttr():def __init__(self, data):self.max_health = data[c.ATTR_HEALTH]self.range = data[c.ATTR_RANGE]self.damage = data[c.ATTR_DAMAGE]self.attack = data[c.ATTR_ATTACK]self.defense = data[c.ATTR_DEFENSE]self.speed = data[c.ATTR_SPEED]if data[c.ATTR_REMOTE] == 0:self.remote = Falseelse:self.remote = Truedef getHurt(self, enemy_attr):offset = 0if self.attack > enemy_attr.defense:offset = (self.attack - enemy_attr.defense) * 0.05elif self.attack < enemy_attr.defense:offset = (self.attack - enemy_attr.defense) * 0.025hurt = int(self.damage * (1 + offset))return hurtclass Entity():def __init__(self, group, sheet, map_x, map_y, data):self.group = groupself.group_id = group.group_idself.map_x = map_xself.map_y = map_yself.frames = []self.frame_index = 0self.loadFrames(sheet)self.image = self.frames[self.frame_index]self.rect = self.image.get_rect()self.rect.x, self.rect.y = self.getRectPos(map_x, map_y)self.attr = EntityAttr(data)self.health = self.attr.max_healthself.weapon = Noneself.enemy = Noneself.state = c.IDLEself.animate_timer = 0.0self.current_time = 0.0self.move_speed = c.MOVE_SPEEDdef getRectPos(self, map_x, map_y):if c.MAP_HEXAGON:base_x, base_y = tool.getHexMapPos(map_x, map_y)return (base_x + 4, base_y + 6)else:return(map_x * c.REC_SIZE + 5, map_y * c.REC_SIZE + 8)def getRecIndex(self, x, y):if c.MAP_HEXAGON:x += c.HEX_X_SIZE // 2 - 4y += c.HEX_Y_SIZE // 2 - 6map_x, map_y = tool.getHexMapIndex(x, y)else:map_x, map_y = (x//c.REC_SIZE, y//c.REC_SIZE)return (map_x, map_y)def loadFrames(self, sheet):frame_rect_list = [(64, 0, 32, 32), (96, 0, 32, 32)]for frame_rect in frame_rect_list:self.frames.append(tool.get_image(sheet, *frame_rect, c.BLACK, c.SIZE_MULTIPLIER))def setDestination(self, map_x, map_y, enemy=None):self.dest_x, self.dest_y = self.getRectPos(map_x, map_y)self.next_x, self.next_y = self.rect.x, self.rect.yself.enemy = enemyself.state = c.WALKdef setTarget(self, enemy):self.enemy = enemyself.state = c.ATTACKdef getHealthRatio(self):if self.health > 0:return self.health / self.attr.max_healthelse:return 0def isDead(self):return self.health <= 0def isRemote(self):return self.attr.remotedef inRange(self, map, map_x, map_y):location = AStarSearch.AStarSearch(map, (self.map_x, self.map_y), (map_x, map_y))if location is not None:_, _, distance = AStarSearch.getFirstStepAndDistance(location)if distance <= self.attr.range:return Truereturn Falsedef putHurt(self, enemy):hurt = self.attr.getHurt(enemy.attr)enemy.setHurt(hurt)def setHurt(self, damage):self.health -= damageif self.isDead():self.group.removeEntity(self)def shoot(self, enemy):hurt = self.attr.getHurt(enemy.attr)self.weapon = FireBall(*self.rect.center, self.enemy, hurt)def walkToDestination(self, map):if self.rect.x == self.next_x and self.rect.y == self.next_y:source = self.getRecIndex(self.rect.x, self.rect.y)dest = self.getRecIndex(self.dest_x, self.dest_y)location = AStarSearch.AStarSearch(map, source, dest)if location is not None:map_x, map_y, _ = AStarSearch.getFirstStepAndDistance(location)self.next_x, self.next_y = self.getRectPos(map_x, map_y)else:self.state = c.IDLEif c.MAP_HEXAGON and self.rect.x != self.next_x and self.rect.y != self.next_y:self.rect.x += self.move_speed if self.rect.x < self.next_x else -self.move_speedself.rect.y += self.move_speed if self.rect.y < self.next_y else -self.move_speedelif self.rect.x != self.next_x:self.rect.x += self.move_speed if self.rect.x < self.next_x else -self.move_speedelif self.rect.y != self.next_y:self.rect.y += self.move_speed if self.rect.y < self.next_y else -self.move_speeddef update(self, game_info, map):self.current_time = game_info[c.CURRENT_TIME]if self.state == c.WALK:if (self.current_time - self.animate_timer) > 250:if self.frame_index == 0:self.frame_index = 1else:self.frame_index = 0self.animate_timer = self.current_timeif self.rect.x != self.dest_x or self.rect.y != self.dest_y:self.walkToDestination(map)else:map.setEntity(self.map_x, self.map_y, None)self.map_x, self.map_y = self.getRecIndex(self.dest_x, self.dest_y)map.setEntity(self.map_x, self.map_y, self)if self.enemy is None:self.state = c.IDLEelse:self.state = c.ATTACKelif self.state == c.ATTACK:if self.attr.remote:if self.weapon is None:self.shoot(self.enemy)else:self.weapon.update()if self.weapon.done:self.weapon = Noneself.enemy = Noneself.state = c.IDLEelse:self.putHurt(self.enemy)self.enemy = Noneself.state = c.IDLEif self.state == c.IDLE:self.frame_index = 0def draw(self, surface):self.image = self.frames[self.frame_index]surface.blit(self.image, self.rect)width = self.rect.width * self.getHealthRatio()height = 5pg.draw.rect(surface, c.RED, pg.Rect(self.rect.left, self.rect.top - height - 1, width, height))if self.weapon is not None:self.weapon.draw(surface)class EntityGroup():def __init__(self, group_id):self.group = []self.group_id =  group_idself.entity_index = 0def createEntity(self, entity_list, map):for data in entity_list:entity_name, map_x, map_y = data['name'], data['x'], data['y']if map_x < 0:map_x = c.GRID_X_LEN + map_xif map_y < 0:map_y = c.GRID_Y_LEN + map_yentity = Entity(self, tool.GFX[entity_name], map_x, map_y, tool.ATTR[entity_name])self.group.append(entity)map.setEntity(map_x, map_y, entity)#self.group = sorted(self.group, key=lambda x:x.attr.speed, reverse=True)def removeEntity(self, entity):for i in range(len(self.group)):if self.group[i] == entity:if (self.entity_index > i or(self.entity_index >= len(self.group) - 1)):self.entity_index -= 1self.group.remove(entity)def isEmpty(self):if len(self.group) == 0:return Truereturn Falsedef nextTurn(self):self.entity_index = 0def getActiveEntity(self):if self.entity_index >= len(self.group):entity = Noneelse:entity = self.group[self.entity_index]return entitydef consumeEntity(self):self.entity_index += 1def update(self, game_info, map):for entity in self.group:entity.update(game_info, map)def draw(self, surface):for entity in self.group:entity.draw(surface)

完成这两个类后我们的游戏（手游）基本上就完成了

游戏运行截图

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