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摘  要【快速浏览摘要】单片微型计算机简称单片机。它是把组成微型计算机的各功能部件：中央处理器、CPU、随机存取存储器RAM、只读存储器ROM、I/O接口电路、定时器/计数器以及串行通信接口等制作在一块集成芯片中，构成一个完整的微型计算机。单片机主要应用于控制领域，由于其具有可靠性高、体积小、价格低、易于产品化等特点，因而在智能仪器仪表、实时工业控制、智能终端、通信设备、导航系统、家用电器等自控领域获得广泛应用^[1]。步进电机是一种能将电脉冲信号转换成角位移或线位移的机电元件,实质上是一种数字/角度转换器步进电机控制系统主要由步进控制器,功率放大器及步进电机等组成.步进控制器由缓冲寄存器,环形分配器,控制逻辑及正,反转控制门等组成,能把输入的脉冲转换成环形脉冲,以便控制步进电机,并能进行正反向控制.但由于步进控制器线路复杂.成本高.采用单片机控制,用软件代替上述步进控制器,使得线路简单,成本低,可靠性大大增加,灵活改变步进电机的控制方案,无需逻辑电路组成时序发生器.软件编程可灵活产生不同类型步进电机励磁序列来控制各种步进电机的运行方式并可实现一台单片机控制多台电机.提供灵活多样的控制手段和提高控制精度对复杂繁琐的控制易于实现,尤其在本系统中更显示出微机控制的优越性。本设计采用凌阳16 位单片机SPCE061A对步进电机进行控制，通过IO口输出的具有时序的方波作为步进电机的控制信号，信号经过芯片L298N驱动步进电机；同时，用 4X4的键盘来对电机的状态进行控制，并用数码管显示电机的转速，采用74LS164作为4位单个数码管的显示驱动，从单片机输入信号；利用凌阳单片机的语音功能播报电机的转速。【关键词】：单片机步进电机 ABSTRACTThe single slice of microcomputers isabbreviated as the one-chip computer. It is every function part which makes upthe microcomputer: Central processing unit, CPU, arbitrary access memory RAM ,read-only memory ROM,, I/O interface circuit , timer / counter and serialcommunication interface ,etc. make in the integrated chip together, form anintact microcomputer. One-chip computer apply controlled field to mainly,because it have dependability high , small , price low , easy commercialization,etc. characteristic, therefore won extensive application in fields ofautomatic control such as intellectual instrument and apparatus , real-timeindustrial control , intelligent terminal , communication equipment , navigationsystem , household appliances ,etc.It is that one kind can change the electric pulse signal intoa electromechanical component of angle displacement or line displacement towalk into the electrical machinery, it is a kind of figure / angle converter thatis walked into the control system of the electrical machinery to mainly walkinto the controller in fact, power amplifier and walking into the electricalmachinery ,etc. make up . Walked into the controller to buffer the register ,the annular distributor, control logic and, overturn , control door ,etc. makeup , can change the pulse input into into an annular pulse , in order tocontrol , walk into electrical machinery , can carry on positive and negativeto control. But because walk into the controller circuit complicatedly. Withhigh costs. Adopt one-chip computer control , replace with software describedabove to walk into the controller , make the circuit simple, with low costs,dependability increases greatly, change the control scheme of walking into theelectrical machinery flexibly , do not need logical circuit to make up the timesequence generator . Software programming very flexible to produce , walk intoelectrical machinery excitation array come , control various operation way towalk into electrical machinery and can realize one machine control many sets ofelectrical machinery while being different kinds of. It is easy to realize tooffer the flexible control means and improving the precision of controlling tocomplicated and tedious control, demonstrate the superiority that the computercontrols especially in this system even more.Design , adopt , insult male genital 16one-chip computer SPCE061A towalk into electrical machinery control originally, square wave with timesequence as the control signal of walking into the electrical machinery throughwhat IO mouth is outputted, the signal drives and walks into the electricalmachinery through the chip L298N; Meanwhile , come state in electricalmachinery go on , control with keyboard of 4X4 , in charge of rotational speedto reveal electrical machinery with number, adopt 74LS164 urge as 4 singlenumber display that in charge of , from the input signal of the one-chipcomputer; Utilize the pronunciation function of insulting the open one-chipcomputer to report the rotational speed of the electrical machinery.Keyword: One-chip computer Walk into the electrical machinery

目  录

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目  录

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第1章  绪论

第2章  方案论证比较设计

2.1单片机概述

2.2步进电机的工作原理

2.3单片机控制步进电机的设计思路

第3章  控制系统的硬件电路设计

3.1SPCE061A的介绍

3.1.1 性能

3.1.2 结构

3.1.3芯片的引脚排列和说明

3.1.4 SPCE061A单片机硬件结构

3.1.5 μ’Nsp^TM的核心结构

3.2步进电机的选择

3.3 步进电机的驱动电路设计

3.4数码管显示电路的设计

3.54X4键盘电路的设计

第4章控制系统的软件设计

4.1 控制脉冲的产生

4.2 步进电机的旋转方向和时序脉冲的关系

4.3 步数的确定

4.4 步进电机的变速控制

4.5 语音报数

第5章  结论

参考文献

致谢

附录

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