线性同余法求伪随机数，Linear-Congruential: (a * x + c) % m, a > 0, m > 0, m % a < m / a.

首先，说明一下取随机数一般会用rand函数，取time.h文件中的clock()作为种子，产生我们需要的随机数

#include #include //srand()、rand()

#include //time();

int main() {

int n;

srand((unsigned)time(NULL)); //设置随机数种子

for (int i= 0; i< 10; i++) {

n = (rand() % 10) + 1 ;//产生1~10的随机数

//rand()产生的是一个很大的数，对其求余就可以达到限定范围的目的

printf("%d ", n);

}

return 0;

}

但是如果我们产生随机数种子的周期小于1s，那么就会产生一系列相同的随机数。总而言之，当产生随机数的周期非常非常小时，用已无法满足这一需求。因此，我们采用线性同余法，也就是较为简便的方法，那就是用现有的随机数种子来产生新的种子，也就是Linear-Congruential generator(线性同余数发生器)。

它是根据递归公式：

seed = (a*seed) mod m;

or

seed = (a*seed + c) mod m;这条公式需要满足：

a, m为正整数，m> a, m> seed;

它产生的随机数是以m为周期的，一般我们以2^32- 1为周期，a又不能取太大，所以为了避免取模溢出，

我们用一种方法解决：

Schrage’s Method Revealed算法，将公式形式变换，避免了溢出。

x = (a*x) mod m

= a*(x mod Q) - R*[xi/Q];

if (x > 0) result_seed = x;

else result_seed = x + m;具体实现：

random_my.h文件

namespace RAND_GEN {

class mod_my {

public:

long long m, a, c;

mod_my(long long _m, long long _a, long long _c) : m(_m), a(_a), c(_c) {}

// General case for x = (ax + c) mod m -- use Schrage's algorithm

// to avoid integer overflow.

// (ax + c) mod m can be rewritten as:

// a(x mod q) - r(x / q) if >= 0

// a(x mod q) - r(x / q) otherwise

// where: q = m / a , r = m mod a

//

// Preconditions: a > 0, m > 0.

//

// Note: only works correctly for m % a < m / a.

long long calc(long long x) {

if (a == 1) {

x %= m;

} else {

long long q = m / a;

long long r = m % a;

long long t1 = a * (x % q);

long long t2 = r * (x / q);

if (t1 >= t2) x = t1 - t2;

else x = m - t2 + t1;

}

if (c != 0) {

const long long d = m - x;

if (d > c) x += c;

else x = c - d;

}

return x;

}

};

class linear_congruential_engine_my {

public:

long long multiplier, increment, modulus;

unsigned long long default_seed_my, seed_my;

mod_my mod_temp;

linear_congruential_engine_my()

: multiplier(16807), increment(1), modulus(2147483647)

, default_seed_my(1u), mod_temp(modulus, multiplier, increment)

{ seed(default_seed_my); }

linear_congruential_engine_my(long long _m, long long _a,

long long _c, long long _s)

: multiplier(_a), increment(_c), modulus(_m)

, default_seed_my(_s), mod_temp(modulus, multiplier, increment)

{ seed(default_seed_my); }

void seed(unsigned long long s)

{ seed_my = s; }

long long min()

{ return increment == 0u ? 1u : 0u; }

long long max()

{ return modulus - 1u; }

void discard(unsigned long long z)

{ for (; z != 0ULL; --z) (*this)(); }

long long operator()() {

seed_my = mod_temp.calc(seed_my);

return seed_my;

}

};

}main.cpp

#include #include "random_my.h"

using namespace std;

using namespace RAND_GEN;

void test_calc() {

mod_my mod_1(9223372036854775807, 16807, 1);

if (mod_1.calc(9223372036854775) != 7443261233741790514 ||

mod_1.calc(922337203685477580) != 6456360425798331301 ||

mod_1.calc(9223372036852222220) != 9223371993936639099 ||

mod_1.calc(922337203685473330) != 6456360425726901551 ||

mod_1.calc(9223372022254775806) != 9223126654654759001)

cout << "Your calc() is wrong.\n";

else cout << "Pass all tests for calc().\n";

}

void test_engin() {

linear_congruential_engine_my lce;

int count = 1000;

int num[1001] = {0};

while (count--) num[lce()%5]++;

if (num[0] != 216 || num[1] != 190 ||

num[2] != 203 || num[3] != 216 ||

num[4] != 175) {

cout << "Your engin class is wrong in generator.\n";

return;

} else if (lce.min() != (lce.increment == 0u ? 1u : 0u)) {

cout << "Your engin class is wrong in min().\n";

return;

} else if (lce.max() != (lce.modulus - 1u)) {

cout << "Your engin class is wrong in max().\n";

return;

}

else cout << "Pass all tests for class engin.\n";

}

void hard_test() {

long long m, a, c, n, num[5] = {0};

unsigned long long s;

unsigned long long discard_n;

cin >> m >> a >> c >> s;

mod_my mod_1(m, a, c);

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

cin >> n;

cout << "(MOD CALC) ";

cout << n << ": " << mod_1.calc(n) << endl;

}

linear_congruential_engine_my lce(m, a, c, s);

cin >> discard_n;

lce.discard(discard_n);

cin >> n;

while (n--) num[lce()%5]++;

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

cout << "(ENGIN) ";

cout << i << ": " << num[i] << endl;

}

}

int main() {

int t;

cin >> t;

if (t == 0) {

test_calc();

test_engin();

} else {

hard_test();

}

return 0;

}