mingw 配置 opencv

mingw的安装配置
- mingw 的安装以及环境变量的添加
cmake安装
opencv 编译安装
- opencv 下载安装
- opencv 编译
- g++ 手动编译
- .exe 文件的运行
- vscode配置
其他库配置示例
- eigen
- - eigen 编译
  - eigen 配置
- raylib
- - 编译安装
  - vscode 配置

前几天想起来要用opencv-cpp了，本来我的编程环境全塞到wsl里面去了，但是wsl没法使用摄像头除非手动添加驱动编译安装，这就算了实在，没这个能力win上为了matlab之类的还是保留了一个mingw编译器，那就用mingw配置opencv得了
该教程并不是要求你严格按照我的步骤来进行配置，而是根据编译链接的原理，一点点讲一下该怎么配置，希望这个教程能对你有足够的帮助

mingw的安装配置

mingw 的安装以及环境变量的添加

tdm-gcc下载我这里的mingw用的是tdm-gcc封装的64位版本
下载后可随便修改安装位置
之后记得添加环境变量

PathTo/TDM-GCC64/bin

可选部分
根据所学的编译方式，除了gcc，g++，之外还有make工具，但是用在终端里面输入make -v 结果显示未找到make，该问题是是mingw编译器里的make 被命名为mingw32-make.exe 为了方便调用同时不会对编译器造成额外问题，复制mingw32-make.exe 将其另存为make.exe 这样就能在终端里面方便的调用make工具了

cmake安装

cmake 本人不怎么用，直接安装即可，因为win上一般用的是gui，所以无所谓添加环境变量
cmake 下载地址

opencv 编译安装

opencv 下载安装

opencv官网的官网比较操蛋，去opencv.org的source Forge页面下载会识别设备型号自动跳转到这个页面，但是这个玩意是MSVC编译的文件，mingw是无法使用的，只能采用编译安装，而OpenCV的源码挂在github下，下载源码可能需要科学上网之类的，不想各显神通我提供夸克网盘下载这玩意不限速
链接在这

opencv 编译

解压opencv 文件，新建一个build(你可以随意命名)文件夹用于存放cmake构建文件，在cmake-gui工具中选定source文件夹与build文件夹，点击configure会自动检测你的cpp编译器环境，直接采用默认编译器，等一会后配置结束
可选部分
配置里面有个选项
BUILD_opencv_world，该选项会把所有其他.dll封装为一个libopencv_world460.dll，后续调用时只需要调用这么一个动态链接即可，该动态链接较大，但是不点也行，只是后面调用需要调用多个动态链接，每个链接都比较小，可以个人化定制。

点击generate 即可生成build文件，耐心等一会
之后在你的build文件夹里打开终端，或者任意位置打开终端跳转到build文件里

# 如果你重命名了 mingw32-make
# 那么可以执行
# 否则用 mingw32-make 替代
make -j 8
# 这个 8 指的是你编译配置用的cpu核数量
make install

编译完成后的文件全部在 PathTo/build/install内，opencv的其他文件已经不再需要了
可选部分
为了方便管理，我将install 文件夹剪切出来重命名为opencv460，460为版本号

g++ 手动编译

在配置vscode 等编辑器之前，先用手动编译的方式来了解一下opencv的cpp文件编译器到底干啥了，测试文件如下

#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>using namespace cv;
using namespace std;int main()
{VideoCapture cap(0);Mat img;while (1){cap >> img;if (img.empty())break;namedWindow("img", WINDOW_NORMAL);imshow("img", img);if (27 == waitKey(20))break;}return 0;
}

如果直接

g++ opencv_tst.cpp

结果报错找不到头文件

实际上在g++等编译时如果需要添加标准库以外的库函数时需要额外指定，方法时

g++ opencv_tst.cpp -I PathTo/opencv/include

那么继续手动编译

g++ .\opencv_tst.cpp -I D:\ProEnv\opencv460\include\

结果是已经定义了opencv的头文件，但是没有具体的方法实现，依旧报错
对于非标准的cpp库文件编译链接时又需要一个额外参数

g++ -L PathTo\opencv\lib -l opencv_core -l *****

这里的 -I 是指定库文件夹位置，-l 是链接动态库或者静态库
-l opencv_core实际上是去链接 libopencv_core.a 或者libopencv_core.so文件

类型	linux	win
静态链接	.a	.lib
动态链接	.so	.dll

但是mingw是在win上实现的g++编译器，所以很蛋疼的是目前编译出来的静态链接是.a文件
观察一下当前编译出来的全部文件
可以发现既有动态链接.dll文件(bin文件夹下)又有静态链接.a文件(lib文件夹下）

为了体验一下动态链接和静态链接有什么区别，两种链接方式都去试一试
链接那些文件呢？具体我其实不太清楚，如果有洁癖，一点点试一下，不想麻烦全连接了，或者勾选之前的选项，生成一个大的链接文件，只需要链接一个就可以了
那么链接时只需要链接opencv_modules core这两个链接
注意的是静态链接的名称是libopencv_core.dll.a 所以编译链接时需要

g++ .\opencv_tst.cpp -I D:\ProEnv\opencv460\include\ -L D:\ProEnv\opencv460\lib\ -l opencv_core460.dll -l opencv_video460.dll  -l opencv_highgui460.dll -l opencv_videoio460.dll -o tst1.exe

经过测试成功编译为 tst1.exe
为了深入研究一下静态链接和动态链接的区别，再用动态链接编译一下试一试

g++ .\opencv_tst.cpp -I D:\ProEnv\opencv460\include\ -L D:\ProEnv\opencv460\bin\ -l opencv_core460 -l opencv_video460  -l opencv_highgui460 -l opencv_videoio460 -o tst2.exe

成功将其编译为tst2.exe
对比一下编译后的文件

明显两个文件大小相同，源文件也相同，几乎可以判定是同一个文件，运行这两个程序
结果都一样找不到.dll文件

理论上来说链接静态库后库函数会被打包到.exe里，tst1.exe理论上可以独立运行，而动态库的则不会被打包进去，tst2.exe必须依赖.dll文件，对比一下静态文件和动态文件的体积，可以看到静态文件明显小于动态文件很多，个人理解是opencv偷了懒，将静态文件变成了对动态文件的查找

.exe 文件的运行

那么在自己电脑上如何去运行这些.exe文件呢，当前只需要让.exe找到.dll文件即可
两种方法

将 .dll文件与.exe文件放在同一目录下
让电脑能查询到.dll文件，即添加环境变量

把程序给其他人用的时候推荐方法1，自己在电脑上玩的时候推荐方法2
之后即可正常运行

vscode配置

对于tool级别的代码，最理想的情况就是一键F5 编译运行
更具刚才的手动编译的教程，可以对vscode 的配置进行修改以达到当前目的

先是c_cpp_properties.json
1. 需要添加对 opencv的支持
1. includePath 中添加 “D:/ProEnv/opencv460/include”,
对task.json的修改
1. 在args中添加参数
1. “-fdiagnostics-color=always”,
  “-g”,
  “file","−I","D:/ProEnv/opencv460/include","−L","D:/ProEnv/opencv460/bin","−l","opencvcalib3d460","−l","opencvcore460","−l","opencvdnn460","−l","opencvfeatures2d460","−l","opencvflann460","−l","opencvgapi460","−l","opencvhighgui460","−l","opencvimgcodecs460","−l","opencvimgproc460","−l","opencvml460","−l","opencvobjdetect460","−l","opencvstitching460","−l","opencvphoto460","−l","opencvvideo460","−l","opencvvideoio460","−o","{file}", "-I", "D:/ProEnv/opencv460/include", "-L", "D:/ProEnv/opencv460/bin", "-l", "opencv_calib3d460", "-l", "opencv_core460", "-l", "opencv_dnn460", "-l", "opencv_features2d460", "-l", "opencv_flann460", "-l", "opencv_gapi460", "-l", "opencv_highgui460", "-l", "opencv_imgcodecs460", "-l", "opencv_imgproc460", "-l", "opencv_ml460", "-l", "opencv_objdetect460", "-l", "opencv_stitching460", "-l", "opencv_photo460", "-l", "opencv_video460", "-l", "opencv_videoio460", "-o", "file","−I","D:/ProEnv/opencv460/include","−L","D:/ProEnv/opencv460/bin","−l","opencvcalib3d460","−l","opencvcore460","−l","opencvdnn460","−l","opencvfeatures2d460","−l","opencvflann460","−l","opencvgapi460","−l","opencvhighgui460","−l","opencvimgcodecs460","−l","opencvimgproc460","−l","opencvml460","−l","opencvobjdetect460","−l","opencvstitching460","−l","opencvphoto460","−l","opencvvideo460","−l","opencvvideoio460","−o","{fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe”

其他库配置示例

根据前面的 opencv配置原理再来配置一下其他的库，这里选图形库raylib和数值计算库eigen

eigen

eigen 是一个通用数值计算库，体积小，全平台通用

eigen 编译

1. 下载安装
2. cmake build
3. 在build 文件下 make install 会编译安装到C:/program file(x86)/Eigen3
4. 注意如果权限不足需要先创建C:/program file(x86)/Eigen3

eigen 配置

根据前面的教程，如果为了方便eigen版本管理，可以直接把C:/program file(x86)/Eigen3/eigen里面的所有文件剪切出来放到一个特定的地方，在c_cpp_properties.json 添加头文件路径。eigen有个特点，他只有头文件，没有任何静态或者动态链接，编译时只需要g++ tst.cpp -I PathTo/Eigen/include 即可。
但是有没有更简便的方法？不修改c_cpp_properties.json，也不要-I PathTo/Eigen/include ?
当然可以，tmdgcc的编译器内置头文件、库文件也有默认位置，只需要将eigen的头文件丢到PathTo/TDM-GCC64/include 中即可
注意我们通常引用的头文件如下

#include <iostream>
#include <Eigen/Dense>
using Eigen::MatrixXd;
using Eigen::VectorXd;int main()
{MatrixXd m = MatrixXd::Random(3,3);m = (m + MatrixXd::Constant(3,3,1.2)) * 50;std::cout << "m =" << std::endl << m << std::endl;VectorXd v(3);v << 1, 2, 3;std::cout << "m * v =" << std::endl << m * v << std::endl;
}

所有应该是把C:/program file(x86)/Eigen3/include/eigen3下的两个目录Eigen 和 unsupported copy到D:\ProEnv\TDM-GCC64\include下
后续即可直接g++ 编译该程序

raylib

raylib 是通用的c++ 图像库全平台通用，你可以去raylib官网看看教程，下载是免费的

编译安装

下载后是个 .exe文件直接执行，他会把raylib解压到C:/raylib 下
到 C:/raylib/raylib/src 目录下打开终端，执行make 即可，或者mingw32-make
真正有用的东西只有raylib.h 与libraylib.a 这两个文件
编译时需要链接 -l raylib -l opengl32 -l gdi32 -l winmm
如果想对raylib进行有效管理，可以建立文件夹raylib，文件树如下

对于raylib我没有建立专门文件夹，而是把libraylib.a 丢到 PathTo\TDM-GCC64\lib 中
把 raylib.h 丢到 PathTo\TDM-GCC\include 中
这两处是TDM-GCC64下可以直接查询的文件夹，所以不需要-I 和-L 指令

vscode 配置

根据之前的教程，同样可以修改c_cpp_properties 和task.json文件
但是如果该文件夹下有时候想用opencv,有时候想用raylib难道还要重新打开文件夹吗，其实可以在task.json中和launch.json中配置多个任务，这样在调试中就有多个选项，依旧可以一键运行这里附上我的配置

c_cpp_properties.json

{"configurations": [{"name": "Win32","includePath": ["${workspaceFolder}/**","D:/ProEnv/TDM-GCC64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/include/c++","D:/ProEnv/TDM-GCC64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/include/c++/tr1","D:/ProEnv/TDM-GCC64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/10.3.0/include/c++/x86_64-w64-mingw32","D:/ProEnv/opencv460/include","D:/ProEnv/opencv460/include/opencv2"],"defines": ["_DEBUG","UNICODE","_UNICODE"],"windowsSdkVersion": "10.0.17763.0","compilerPath": "D:/ProEnv/TDM-GCC64/bin/g++.exe","cStandard": "c11","cppStandard": "c++11","intelliSenseMode": "gcc-x64"}],"version": 4
}

launch.json

{"version": "0.2.0","configurations": [{"name": "opencv gdb","type": "cppdbg","request": "launch","program": "${workspaceFolder}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe","args": [],"stopAtEntry": false,"cwd": "${fileDirname}","environment": [],"externalConsole": true,"MIMode": "gdb","miDebuggerPath": "D:/ProEnv/TDM-GCC64/bin/gdb.exe","preLaunchTask": "opencv g++","setupCommands": [{"description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb","text": "-enable-pretty-printing","ignoreFailures": true}]},{"name": "raylib gdb","type": "cppdbg","request": "launch","program": "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe","args": [],"stopAtEntry": false,"cwd": "D:/ProEnv/TDM-GCC64/bin","environment": [],"externalConsole": false,"MIMode": "gdb","miDebuggerPath": "D:\\ProEnv\\TDM-GCC64\\bin\\gdb.exe","setupCommands": [{"description": "为 gdb 启用整齐打印","text": "-enable-pretty-printing","ignoreFailures": true},{"description": "将反汇编风格设置为 Intel","text": "-gdb-set disassembly-flavor intel","ignoreFailures": true}],"preLaunchTask": "raylib g++"},{"name": "ege gdb","type": "cppdbg","request": "launch","program": "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe","args": [],"stopAtEntry": false,"cwd": "D:/ProEnv/TDM-GCC64/bin","environment": [],"externalConsole": false,"MIMode": "gdb","miDebuggerPath": "D:\\ProEnv\\TDM-GCC64\\bin\\gdb.exe","setupCommands": [{"description": "为 gdb 启用整齐打印","text": "-enable-pretty-printing","ignoreFailures": true},{"description": "将反汇编风格设置为 Intel","text": "-gdb-set disassembly-flavor intel","ignoreFailures": true}],"preLaunchTask": "ege g++"}]
}

setting.json

{"version": "0.2.0","configurations": [{"name": "(gdb) Launch", "type": "cppdbg", "request": "launch", "program": "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe", "args": [],"stopAtEntry": true,"editor.minimap.enabled": true,"C_Cpp.autocomplete": "Default","[cpp]": {"editor.quickSuggestions": true},"[c]": {"editor.quickSuggestions": true},"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}", "environment": [], "externalConsole": true, "internalConsoleOptions": true, "MIMode": "gdb", "miDebuggerPath": "gdb.exe", "setupCommands": [{"description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb","text": "-enable-pretty-printing","ignoreFailures": false}],"preLaunchTask": "Compile" }],"cmake.configureOnOpen": false
}

task.json

{"version": "2.0.0","tasks": [{"label": "opencv g++","type": "cppbuild","command": "g++","args": ["-fdiagnostics-color=always","-g","${file}","-I","D:/ProEnv/opencv460/include","-L","D:/ProEnv/opencv460/bin","-l","opencv_calib3d460","-l","opencv_core460","-l","opencv_dnn460","-l","opencv_features2d460","-l","opencv_flann460","-l","opencv_gapi460","-l","opencv_highgui460","-l","opencv_imgcodecs460","-l","opencv_imgproc460","-l","opencv_ml460","-l","opencv_objdetect460","-l","opencv_stitching460","-l","opencv_photo460","-l","opencv_video460","-l","opencv_videoio460","-o","${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe"],"problemMatcher": [],"group": {"kind": "test","isDefault": true}},{"type": "cppbuild","label": "raylib g++","command": "D:/ProEnv/TDM-GCC64/bin/g++.exe","args": ["-fdiagnostics-color=always","-g","${file}","-l","raylib","-l","opengl32","-l","gdi32", "-l","winmm","-o","${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe"],"options": {"cwd": "D:/ProEnv/TDM-GCC64/bin"},"problemMatcher": ["$gcc"],"group": "build","detail": "调试器生成的任务。"},{"type": "cppbuild","label": "ege g++","command": "D:/ProEnv/TDM-GCC64/bin/g++.exe","args": ["-fdiagnostics-color=always","-g","${file}","-l","graphics", "-l","uuid", "-l","msimg32", "-l","gdi32", "-l","imm32", "-l","ole32", "-l","oleaut32", "-l","winmm", "-l","gdiplus","-o","${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe"],"options": {"cwd": "D:/ProEnv/TDM-GCC64/bin"},"problemMatcher": ["$gcc"],"group": "build","detail": "调试器生成的任务。"}]
}

需要关注的是launch.json 中的 PreTask 的值一定与你的task.json的 label 的值对应
每个task.json中的args为编译时的参数
launch.json中的type必须为’cppdbg’ 这是vscode cpp 插件决定的
复制粘贴后有3个不同调试任务

里面的ege 是我自己安装了ege图形库，有兴趣可以自己安装验证一下

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