--pl/sql操作数据
--复合数据类型
--varray
declare
type strings is varray(5) of varchar2(10);--定义一个数组数组元素的长度为5个，每个是10个可变长度
v_str strings:=strings('aa','bb','cc','dd','ee');--创建一个数组对象的引用   从一开始的
begindbms_output.put_line(v_str(1));dbms_output.put_line(v_str(2));dbms_output.put_line(v_str(3));dbms_output.put_line(v_str(4));dbms_output.put_line(v_str(5));end;
--table  可以理解为java中的可变数组
declare
type strings is table of varchar2(10) index by binary_integer;--定义一个可变数组，数组中每个元素的可变长度为10
--数组角标没有下限
v_str strings;--定义一个可变数组对象的应用
beginv_str(1):='aa';v_str(999):='bb';dbms_output.put_line(v_str(1)||v_str(999));end;
--record
declare
--可以定义多个类型
type strings is record(v_name tb_student.lastname%type,id number,r_tb_student tb_student%rowtype
);
v_str strings;
beginselect id,lastname,sex,age,email,address into v_str.r_tb_student.id,v_str.v_name,v_str.r_tb_student.sex,v_str.r_tb_student.age,v_str.r_tb_student.email,v_str.r_tb_student.address from tb_student where id=2;dbms_output.put_line(v_str.v_name);end;

--流程控制
--分支语句
declarev_str varchar2(10):='b';
beginif(v_str='a') thendbms_output.put_line('if');elsif(v_str='b') thendbms_output.put_line('elsif');elsedbms_output.put_line('else');end if;end;declare i constant number:=4;
beginif(i=5) thennull; --如果什么都不做的话，那么补null来保证语句的完整性elsif(i=4) thendbms_output.put_line(i);elsedbms_output.put_line('else');end if;end;--验证如果不给字符变量赋值时默认是空字符串还是为空
declarei varchar2(10);
beginif(i='') thendbms_output.put_line('空字符串');elsif(i is null) thendbms_output.put_line('null');elsif(i='a') thendbms_output.put_line('a');elsedbms_output.put_line('b');end if;end;declarei number;
beginif(i='') thendbms_output.put_line('空字符串');elsif(i is null) thendbms_output.put_line('null');elsif(i='a') thendbms_output.put_line('a');elsedbms_output.put_line('b');end if;end;--循环控制
--简单循环loop
declare i number:=0;
begin loopi:=i+1;dbms_output.put_line('i='||i);if(i=30) thenexit;end if;end loop;end;
declare i number:=0;
begin loopi:=i+1;dbms_output.put_line('i='||i);exit when (i=30); end loop;end;--嵌套循环
declarei number:=0;b number:=0;
beginloopi:=i+1;dbms_output.put_line('i>>>>>>='||i);exit when i=5;b:=0;--嵌套循环loop b:=b+1;dbms_output.put_line('b='||b);exit when b=2;end loop;end loop;end;
declarei number:=0;b number:=0;
beginloopi:=i+1;dbms_output.put_line('i>>>>>>='||i);exit when i=5;b:=0;--嵌套循环loop dbms_output.put_line('b='||b);exit when b=2;b:=b+1;end loop;end loop;end;
declarei number:=0;b number:=0;
begin<<outer>>loopi:=i+1;dbms_output.put_line('i>>>>>>='||i);exit when i=5;b:=0;--嵌套循环<<inner>>loop dbms_output.put_line('b='||b);exit outer when b=2;b:=b+1;end loop;end loop;end;
--for循环
declare a constant number:=4;b constant number:=10;
begin for i in a ..b loopdbms_output.put_line('i'||i);end loop;end;
declare a constant number:=1;b constant number:=10;
begin for i in a ..b loopdbms_output.put_line('i'||i);end loop;end;
declare a constant number:=1;b constant number:=10;
begin for i in reverse a ..b loopdbms_output.put_line('i+>>>>>'||i);end loop;end;
--while循环
declare a constant number:=1;b constant number:=10;i number:=0;
begin while (b>a) loopi:=i+1;dbms_output.put_line('i='||i);exit when i=5;end loop;end;

--异常处理
declare
r_tb_clazz tb_clazz%rowtype;
begin select * into r_tb_clazz from tb_clazz where id=2;dbms_output.put_line(r_tb_clazz.code);exceptionwhen no_data_found thendbms_output.put_line('没有数据');when others thendbms_output.put_line('others');
end;
--两个异常函数
--sqlcode   返回错误代码
--sqlerrm    返回错误代码关联的消息
create table tb_error(
id number primary key,
tablename varchar2(20),
sqlcode varchar2(50),
sqlerrm varchar2(200),
currdate date default sysdate
)create sequence tb_error_seq;
declare
r_tb_clazz tb_clazz%rowtype;
v_sqlcode varchar2(50);
v_sqlerrm varchar2(200);
begin select * into r_tb_clazz from tb_clazz where id=2;dbms_output.put_line(r_tb_clazz.code);exceptionwhen no_date_found thendbms_output.put_line('没有数据');when others thendbms_output.put_line('others');--一定要以这个为结束；
end; declare
r_tb_clazz tb_clazz%rowtype;
v_sqlcode varchar2(50);
v_sqlerrm varchar2(200);
begin select * into r_tb_clazz from tb_clazz where id=2;dbms_output.put_line(r_tb_clazz.code);exceptionwhen others thenv_sqlcode:=sqlcode;v_sqlerrm:=sqlerrm;insert into tb_error (id,tablename,sqlcode,sqlerrm) values(tb_error_seq.nextval,'a',v_sqlcode,v_sqlerrm);commit;
end;
insert into tb_clazz (id,code) values(2,'aaa');commit;
declare
r_tb_clazz tb_clazz%rowtype;
v_sqlcode varchar2(50);
v_sqlerrm varchar2(200);
begin select * into r_tb_clazz from tb_clazz;dbms_output.put_line(r_tb_clazz.code);exceptionwhen others thenv_sqlcode:=sqlcode;v_sqlerrm:=sqlerrm;insert into tb_error (id,tablename,sqlcode,sqlerrm) values(tb_error_seq.nextval,'a',v_sqlcode,v_sqlerrm);commit;
end;
select * from tb_error;--游标
--提取tb_clazz表所有的数据
declare
--创建一个游标cursor c_tb_clazz isselect * from tb_clazz;v_tb_clazz tb_clazz%rowtype;
begin--打开游标open c_tb_clazz;--提取数据fetch c_tb_clazz into v_tb_clazz;dbms_output.put_line('id='||v_tb_clazz.id);fetch c_tb_clazz into v_tb_clazz;dbms_output.put_line('id='||v_tb_clazz.id);--关闭游标close c_tb_clazz;end;
--循环提取
declare
--创建一个游标cursor c_tb_clazz isselect * from tb_clazz;v_tb_clazz tb_clazz%rowtype;
begin--打开游标open c_tb_clazz;--提取数据loopfetch c_tb_clazz into v_tb_clazz;exit when c_tb_clazz%notfound;dbms_output.put_line('id='||v_tb_clazz.id);dbms_output.put_line('code='||v_tb_clazz.code);end loop;--关闭游标close c_tb_clazz;
end;--提取每个班级的信息，包括班级里面学生信息
declarecursor c_tb_clazz isselect * from tb_clazz;cursor c_tb_student(v_class_id number) isselect * from tb_student where class_id=v_class_id;r_tb_clazz tb_clazz%rowtype;r_tb_student tb_student%rowtype;
begin--打开游标open c_tb_clazz;--提取数据loopfetch c_tb_clazz into r_tb_clazz;exit when c_tb_clazz%notfound;dbms_output.put_line('第'||r_tb_clazz.id||'班');dbms_output.put_line('班级名为--'||r_tb_clazz.code);--********************************open c_tb_student(r_tb_clazz.id);loopfetch c_tb_student into r_tb_student;exit when c_tb_student%notfound;dbms_output.put_line('姓名:'||r_tb_student.lastname);end loop;close c_tb_student;end loop;--关闭游标close c_tb_clazz;end;
select * from tb_clazz;
truncate table tb_clazz;
truncate table tb_student;
delete from tb_student;
delete from tb_clazz;
create sequence tb_clazz_seq;
begin
insert into tb_clazz(id,code) values(tb_clazz_seq.nextval,'fpp');
insert into tb_clazz(id,code) values(tb_clazz_seq.nextval,'许洁');
commit;
end;
drop sequence tb_student_seq;
create sequence tb_student_seq;
select * from tb_course;
begininsert into tb_student(id,lastname,age,sex,email,address,class_id,course_id,great)values(tb_student_seq.nextval,'付鹏鹏',21,'男','123@qq.com','南昌',1,2,98);insert into tb_student(id,lastname,age,sex,email,address,class_id,course_id,great)values(tb_student_seq.nextval,'许洁',20,'女','231@qq.com','邯郸',2,2,98);commit;end;

--存储过程(没有返回值的函数)和函数
/****************pl/sql程序单元是数据库中命名的pl/sql块，作为数据库对象保存在数据库里。存储过程：执行特定的操作，没有返回值。函数：进行复杂的运算，有返回值。包：相当于java中的类，可以在里面定义变量常量方法（存储过程，函数等）
***********************/
create or replace procedure firstPro
isbegin--向tb_student中插入一条数据insert into tb_student(id,lastname,age,sex,email,address,class_id,course_id,great)values(tb_student_seq.nextval,'爸爸',46,'男','123888@qq.com','南昌',1,2,98);commit;end firstPro;
--存储过程执行只是编译只有调用时才是执行了  他作为ｐｌ/sql存储单元，作为数据库对象保存在数据库中
--调用存储过程
declare
beginfirstPro;end;
select * from tb_student;--有参数的存储过程
create or replace procedure paraPro
(v_lastname varchar2,v_age number,v_sex varchar2,v_email varchar2,v_address varchar2,v_class_id number,v_course_id number,v_great number
)
is
begininsert into tb_student(id,lastname,age,sex,email,address,class_id,course_id,great)values(tb_student_seq.nextval,v_lastname,v_age,v_sex,v_email,v_address,v_class_id,v_course_id,v_great);commit;end paraPro;--调用有参存储过程
declare
beginparaPro('fwppr',24,'男','123343dddd@qq.com','北京',1,2,97);end;
select * from tb_student;
create sequence seq_tb_student;--练习
/*******************存储过程更过情况下实在数据库方做数据整合等复杂的工作，现在在开发银行系统，数据相当重要   tb_student代替一张重要的表把表中的数据备份备份每天的表的数据
**************************/
/**********思路：首先你要知道见几张表才能完成这个备份工作1.你要备份得有一张备份表2.备份的条件是什么呢？每天的12点进行备份那么就是每天存储的主键id最大的时候为临界点所以又需要一张表来进行存储每天最大的主键id值并且每天必须更新3.存储过程的参数就为每天主键最大的id值
**************/
create or replace procedure backShuju
(v_max number)
is
cursor c_tb_student is
select * from tb_student where id>v_max;
v_back_tb_student tb_student%rowtype;
a number:=0;
v_maxid number;
begin--判断游标是否打开if(c_tb_student%isopen) thennull;elseopen c_tb_student;end if;loopfetch c_tb_student into v_back_tb_student;exit when c_tb_student%notfound;insert into tb_student_back(id,lastname,age,sex,email,address,class_id,course_id,great)values(v_back_tb_student.id,v_back_tb_student.lastname,v_back_tb_student.age,v_back_tb_student.sex,v_back_tb_student.email,v_back_tb_student.address,v_back_tb_student.class_id,v_back_tb_student.course_id,v_back_tb_student.great);a:=a+1;/***1.如果在循环中commit效率低下2.如果数据量很大，没有commit就没有提交，放在缓存当中。缓存就是内存当中，在oracle回滚段不足导致瘫痪****/if(a>=2000) thencommit;a:=0;end if;end loop;commit;select max(id) into v_maxid from tb_student_back;update tb_max set id=v_maxid;close c_tb_student;end backShuju;--创建数据备份表create table tb_student_back asselect * from tb_student where id=-1;--创建存储每天主键最大id表create table tb_max(id number);--创建调用备份存储过程的存储过程
create or replace procedure invokeBackShuju
isv_max number;
beginselect id into v_maxid from tb_max;backShuju(v_max);end invokeBackShuju;
select * from tb_student_back;
select * from tb_student;
select * from tb_max;
insert into tb_max (id) values(0);
drop table tb_max;
drop table tb_student_back;
begininvokeBackShuju;end;
declare
v_aa number:=2000;
beginwhile (v_aa>=0) loopinsert into tb_student(id,lastname,age,sex,email,address,class_id,course_id,great)values(tb_student_seq.nextval,'许洁'||v_aa,46,'男','1s8822'||v_aa||'qq.com','南昌',1,2,98);v_aa:=v_aa-1;end loop;commit;end;--创建任务调度器
declare
jobno number;
begindbms_job.submit(jobno,what=>'invokeBackShuju;',--为存储过程的名称Interval=>'trunc(sysdate,''mi'')+1/(24*60)');commit;end;--实验游标和%rowtype的功能区别
--%rowtype最多只能提取一条数据
--游标可以提取多条数据
--下面语句错误
declare
r_tb_student tb_student%rowtype;
beginselect * into r_tb_student from tb_student;end;--函数和包
--无参函数
create or replace function firstfun return varchar2
is
beginreturn '许洁是傻逼';end firstfun;--调用函数
declare
begindbms_output.put_line(firstfun());end;
--有参函数
create or replace function parafun(v_para number)return number is
beginreturn v_para*12;end parafun;--调用有参函数
declare v_sal emp.sal%type;
beginselect sal into v_sal from emp where empno=7499;dbms_output.put_line(parafun(v_sal));end;select * from emp;--包
--相当于java中的接口
--包体相当于接口方法的实现类
create or replace package firstpage is--在包中定义一个type类型的变量type strings is array;--定义一个常量i constant number:=1;--定义一个过程procedure secondPro;--定义一个函数function secondfun(v_max number) return number;
end firstpage;create or replace package body firstpage isfunction secondfun(v_max number) return number isbeginreturn v_max*12; end;procedure secondPro isbegininsert into tb_clazz(id,code) values(tb_clazz_seq.nextval,'ddddd');commit;end;
end firstpage;--调用包
declare v_sal emp.sal%type;
beginselect sal into v_sal from emp where empno=7499;dbms_output.put_line('年薪》》'||firstpage.secondfun(v_sal));firstpage.secondPro;end;
select * from tb_clazz;

--触发器
--在触发器中不用提交
create or replace trigger firstTrigger
after delete /* or update*/on tb_clazz
referencing new as mynew old as myold
for each row--行级触发
declare
v_str tb_clazz%rowtype;
beginv_str.id:=:myold.id;v_str.code:=:myold.code;dbms_output.put_line(v_str.id);dbms_output.put_line(v_str.code);insert into tb_clazz_back (id,code) values(v_str.id,v_str.code);--触发器中不能提交   --触发器是跟着数据走的，在触发器中commit的话触发器中的sqlcommit了，而且他监听的delete也commit了，所以想--会滚时就不可以了end;
insert into tb_clazz(id,code) values(9,'111');
select * from tb_clazz;
delete from tb_clazz where id=9;
select * from tb_clazz_back;
create table tb_clazz_back as select * from tb_clazz where id=9999999;drop table logging_event;--系统级触发器
--赋予创建任何触发器的权限
grant create any trigger to scott;
grant create trigger to scott;
--授予管理数据库触发器的权限
grant administer database trigger to scott;create table scott.logging_event(username varchar2(20),logintime date);
--创建登录记录时候的备份
create or replace trigger XiTongTri
after logon on database
declare
begininsert into scott.logging_event(username,logintime) values(USER,sysdate);commit;end;
select * from logging_event;drop table loggin_event2 purge;
create table loggin_event3(username varchar2(20),tablename varchar2(20));
create or replace trigger deleteTri
after create on database
declaretablename varchar2(20);
begintablename:=dictionary_obj_name;insert into loggin_event3(username,tablename) values(user,tablename);--在触发器中不能commit;end;create table tb_test_1(a number);select * from loggin_event3;