完全新手入门的角度，学习CentOS..版本centos 6.2x86_64

由于手头有CentOS 6.2的安装光盘，所以采用的是rpm包来安装gcc编译器，这样免去来下载安装包的步骤。。(其他的安装方法还有待学习)

1.a:将DVD光盘插入光驱,b:将所需的rpm包拷贝到系统某个目录下(需要哪些后面有讲);

2.a,b两种方式选一个,并cd到放置rpm软件包的目录下;

以a方法为例，插入光盘后: cd /media/CentOS_6.2_Final/Packages

注：CentOS6.0以后，这些rpm都是在光盘目录下的Packages目录下，6.0以前好像是在Server文件夹下

ps：不能确定rpm包名称的时候，或者想要下载rpm包的时候，强烈推荐大家用google搜索，因为至少在搜索rpm包、安装源这方面，百度是个渣渣

3.开始安装，命令如下，顺序一定不能出错：

$$个人建议可以先切换到root用户，不然可能会遇到权限问题：su root 输入密码......$$

rpm -ivh kernel-headers-2.6.32-220.el6.x86_64.rpm

rpm-ivh glibc-headers-2.12-1.47.el6.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps

rpm -ivh glibc-devel-2.12-1.47.el6.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps

rpm -ivh libgomp-4.4.6-3.el6.x86_64.rpm

rpm-ivh mpfr-2.4.1-6.el6.x86_64.rpm

rpm-ivh cpp-4.4.6-3.el6.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh ppl-0.10.2-11.el6.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh gcc-4.4.6-3.el6.x86_64.rpm

rpm-ivh libstdc++-devel-4.4.6-3.el6.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh gcc-c++-4.4.6-3.el6.x86_64.rpm

rpm –ivh后面的就是需要的rpm软件包，英文字母应该是和我一样的，但是数字可能不容，因为版本号不一样

这样gcc编译器安装完成。

输入 gcc -v 会显示安装的版本

使用内建 specs。

目标：x86_64-redhat-linux

配置为：../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --with-bugurl=http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla --enable-bootstrap --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix--enable-checking=release --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,java,fortran,ada --enable-java-awt=gtk --disable-dssi --with-java-home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-1.5.0.0/jre--enable-libgcj-multifile --enable-java-maintainer-mode --with-ecj-jar=/usr/share/java/eclipse-ecj.jar --disable-libjava-multilib --with-ppl --with-cloog --with-tune=generic --with-arch_32=i686 --build=x86_64-redhat-linux

线程模型：posix

gcc 版本 4.4.6 20110731 (RedHat 4.4.6-3) (GCC)

安装完成gcc后发现 gcc-v和g++-v都能显示，唯独gfortran-v时显示gfortran命令没有找到，说明gfortran没有安装。

命令安装如下：

(1)命令安装gcc

yuminstall gcc

(2)安装g++

yuminstall gcc-c++

结果显示gcc-c++已被成功安装，所以这样运行安装gfortran应该也不会出现问题

(3)安装gfortran

yuminstall gcc-gfortran

然后一路yes。。

运行gfortran -v显示安装版本。。成功。。

补充g77的安装。。

依旧是在/media/CentOS_6.2_Final/Packages目录下：

[iyunv@TTWORKTEAM Packages]#yum searchg77

结果显示：Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

*base: mirrors.btte.net

*extras: mirrors.btte.net

*updates: mirrors.btte.net

=============================== N/S Matched: g77 ===============================

compat-gcc-34-g77.x86_64 : Fortran 77 support for compatibility compiler

Nameand summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.

可以看到有一个软件包compat-gcc-34-g77.x86_64为g77编译器 ，命令安装如下：[iyunv@TTWORKTEAM Packages]#yuminstall compat-gcc-34-g77-3.4.6-19.el6.x86_64.rpm

过程显示：(一直选择Y，默认安装。。。)

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

*base: mirrors.btte.net

*extras: mirrors.btte.net

*updates: mirrors.btte.net

Setting up Install Process

Examining compat-gcc-34-g77-3.4.6-19.el6.x86_64.rpm: compat-gcc-34-g77-3.4.6-19.el6.x86_64

Marking compat-gcc-34-g77-3.4.6-19.el6.x86_64.rpm to be installed

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package compat-gcc-34-g77.x86_64 0:3.4.6-19.el6 will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: compat-gcc-34 = 3.4.6-19.el6 for package: compat-gcc-34-g77-3.4.6-19.el6.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: compat-libf2c-34 = 3.4.6-19.el6 for package: compat-gcc-34-g77-3.4.6-19.el6.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: libg2c.so.0()(64bit) for package: compat-gcc-34-g77-3.4.6-19.el6.x86_64

--> Running transaction check

---> Package compat-gcc-34.x86_64 0:3.4.6-19.el6 will be installed

---> Package compat-libf2c-34.x86_64 0:3.4.6-19.el6 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================

PackageArchVersionRepositorySize

================================================================================

Installing:

compat-gcc-34-g77x86_64 3.4.6-19.el6 /compat-gcc-34-g77-3.4.6-19.el6.x86_64

5.9M

Installing for dependencies:

compat-gcc-34x86_643.4.6-19.el6 base3.7M

compat-libf2c-34x86_643.4.6-19.el6 base51k

Transaction Summary

================================================================================

Install3Package(s)

Total size: 9.6 M

Total download size: 3.8 M

Installed size: 19 M

Is this ok [y/N]:y

Downloading Packages:

(1/2): compat-gcc-34-3.4.6-19.el6.x86_64.rpm|3.7 MB00:00

(2/2): compat-libf2c-34-3.4.6-19.el6.x86_64.rpm|51kB00:00

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total7.2MB/s | 3.8 MB00:00

Running rpm_check_debug

Running Transaction Test

Transaction Test Succeeded

Running Transaction

Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.

Installing: compat-gcc-34-3.4.6-19.el6.x86_641/3

Installing: compat-libf2c-34-3.4.6-19.el6.x86_642/3

Installing: compat-gcc-34-g77-3.4.6-19.el6.x86_643/3

Installed:

compat-gcc-34-g77.x86_640:3.4.6-19.el6

Dependency Installed:

compat-gcc-34.x86_640:3.4.6-19.el6compat-libf2c-34.x86_640:3.4.6-19.el6

Complete!

安装完成，用命令g77 -v检测安装是否成功和查看安装路径。[iyunv@TTWORKTEAM Packages]#g77-v

从 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/3.4.6/specs 读取 specs

配置为：../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --disable-checking --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit--disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-languages=c,c++,f77 --disable-libgcj --host=x86_64-redhat-linux

线程模型：posix

gcc version 3.4.6 20060404 (Red Hat 3.4.6-19.el6)

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