Docker超详细学习教程，简单易懂（小白必看）

事先说明，本教程使用的是Mac版docker桌面版，命令执行都是在Mac终端实现，不管什么平台，命令、操作都是一样的

Docker概述与历史

该处去官网看一下或者自行百度，个人建议还是要了解一下，毕竟学习一个新技术首先就是要了解该技术，不要觉得无用

Docker安装

镜像（image）：

docker镜像就好比是一个模板，就可以通过这个模板来创建容器服务，nginx镜像 ==>run ==> nginx01容器（提供服务器），通过这个镜像就可以创建多个容器（最终服务运行或者项目运行就是在容器中的）

容器（Container）：

Docker利用容器技术，独立运行一个或一个组应用，通过镜像来创建的。

启动、停止、删除，基本命令

目前就可以把这个容器理解为就是一个易简的Linux系统

仓库（repository）：

仓库就是存放镜像的地方。

仓库分为公有仓库和私有仓库

Docker Hub（默认是国外的）

阿里云、华为云等都有容器服务器（配置镜像加速器）

安装并配置国内镜像

具体如何安装到官方下载即可，我这里使用的是Mac 的桌面版

下载Docker

https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/

配置国内镜像

这里我以桌面版举例
查看当前 Docker 的 Registry 和 Registry Mirrors

192:~ kevin$ docker info | grep RegistryRegistry: https://index.docker.io/v1/

从上面的信息来看基本上就是 docker 的官方默认配置，美国 docker 地址，使用 nslookup 查询

192:~ kevin$ nslookup index.docker.io
Server:     192.168.1.1
Address:    192.168.1.1#53Non-authoritative answer:
index.docker.io canonical name = elb-io.us-east-1.aws.dckr.io.
elb-io.us-east-1.aws.dckr.io    canonical name = us-east-1-elbio-rm5bon1qaeo4-623296237.us-east-1.elb.amazonaws.com.
Name:   us-east-1-elbio-rm5bon1qaeo4-623296237.us-east-1.elb.amazonaws.com
Address: 34.204.125.5
Name:   us-east-1-elbio-rm5bon1qaeo4-623296237.us-east-1.elb.amazonaws.com
Address: 34.200.7.11
Name:   us-east-1-elbio-rm5bon1qaeo4-623296237.us-east-1.elb.amazonaws.com
Address: 34.192.114.9
Name:   us-east-1-elbio-rm5bon1qaeo4-623296237.us-east-1.elb.amazonaws.com
Address: 3.220.75.233
Name:   us-east-1-elbio-rm5bon1qaeo4-623296237.us-east-1.elb.amazonaws.com
Address: 52.6.170.51
Name:   us-east-1-elbio-rm5bon1qaeo4-623296237.us-east-1.elb.amazonaws.com
Address: 52.55.43.248

从 nslookup 返回可以看到 docker 使用的是 aws 的服务，而从域名上也能看出来服务器则位于美国东部。

配置 Registry Mirrors

配置路径：Preferences -> Docker Engine。添加如下配置，上面是 docker 官方国内源，下方为中科大国内 docker 镜像源

"registry-mirrors": ["https://registry.docker-cn.com","https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"]

点击 “Apply & Restart” 并等待重启完成

注：这里的 registry-mirrors 是一个集合，也就是一个数组，所以我们可以设置多个 registry-mirrors，Docker 会轮询并使用列表中的 registry-mirrors。

验证配置

在终端执行如下命令，可以看到 Registry Mirrors 已经生效

192:~ kevin$ docker info | grep -C 5 "Registry"ID: 33MU:ROG2:CH5V:SSE3:5PMU:5KXJ:C6PM:SAES:NDMH:PUV4:QGFR:JYO5Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/dockerDebug Mode: falseHTTP Proxy: gateway.docker.internal:3128HTTPS Proxy: gateway.docker.internal:3129Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/Labels:Experimental: falseInsecure Registries:127.0.0.0/8
--Labels:Experimental: falseInsecure Registries:127.0.0.0/8Registry Mirrors:https://registry.docker-cn.com/https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/Live Restore Enabled: false

附录

Docker Daemon 配置的官方文档如下，可参考：
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/dockerd/

常用的几个国内源

Docker 官方中国仓库：https://registry.docker-cn.com
中科大 USTC: https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
网易 163 镜像：http://hub-mirror.c.163.com

Run流程和Docker原理

Run运行流程

底层原理

Docker是怎么工作的？

Docker是一个Client-Server结构的系统，Docker的守护进程运行在主机上，通过Socket从客户端访问
DocketServer接受到Docker-Client的指令，就会执行这个命令

Docker为什么比VM快？

1、Docker有着比虚拟机更少的抽象层
2、docker利用的是宿主机的内核，vm需要Guest OS

所以，新加一个容器的时候，docker不需要像虚拟机一样重新加载一个操作系统内核，避免引导，虚拟机是加在Guest OS，分钟级别；而docker是利用宿主机的操作系统，省略了这个复杂的过程，秒级。

Docker常用命令

帮助命令

docker version  #查看docker的版本信息
docker info  #显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help    #帮助命令

帮助文档地址：https://docs.docker.com/reference/

镜像命令

docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像

192:~ kevin$ docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
hello-world         latest    bf756fb1ae65   14 months ago   13.3kB# 解释
REPOSITORY      镜像的仓库源
TAG                 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID        镜像的ID
CREATED         镜像的创建时间
SIZE                        镜像的大小# 可选项-a, --all             # 列出所有镜像-q, --quiet           # 只显示镜像的ID

docker search 搜索镜像

192:~ kevin$ docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   10560     [OK]
mariadb                           MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   3942      [OK]  # 可选项,通过收藏来过滤
--filter=STARS=3000       # 搜索出来的镜像是STARS大于3000的192:~ kevin$ docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   10560     [OK]
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   3942      [OK]

docker pull 下载镜像

# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
192:~ kevin$ docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest       # 如果不指定tag版本号，默认就是下载最新版本
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
a076a628af6f: Pull complete     # 分层瞎子啊，docker 镜像的核心  涉及到联合文件
f6c208f3f991: Pull complete
88a9455a9165: Pull complete
406c9b8427c6: Pull complete
7c88599c0b25: Pull complete
25b5c6debdaf: Pull complete
43a5816f1617: Pull complete
1a8c919e89bf: Pull complete
9f3cf4bd1a07: Pull complete
80539cea118d: Pull complete
201b3cad54ce: Pull complete
944ba37e1c06: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:feada149cb8ff54eade1336da7c1d080c4a1c7ed82b5e320efb5beebed85ae8c     # 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest  # 镜像的真实地址# 下面的两个命令是等价的
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest# 指定版本下载
192:~ kevin$ docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
a076a628af6f: Already exists    # 这里就可以看出来，上面下载的mysql的部分文件是公用的，所以在这里就不需要再次下载了，这里就
f6c208f3f991: Already exists    # 是使用到了Linux的联合文件下载技术
88a9455a9165: Already exists
406c9b8427c6: Already exists
7c88599c0b25: Already exists
25b5c6debdaf: Already exists
43a5816f1617: Already exists
1831ac1245f4: Pull complete
37677b8c1f79: Pull complete
27e4ac3b0f6e: Pull complete
7227baa8c445: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:b3d1eff023f698cd433695c9506171f0d08a8f92a0c8063c1a4d9db9a55808df
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7# 查看镜像信息
192:~ kevin$ docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
mysql               5.7       a70d36bc331a   6 weeks ago     449MB
mysql               latest    c8562eaf9d81   6 weeks ago     546MB
hello-world         latest    bf756fb1ae65   14 months ago   13.3kB

注意：

指定版本下载，其中的版本一定要是docker镜像中存在的版本，可以到官网查看镜像的版本信息
https://hub.docker.com/search?q=&type=image

docker rmi 删除镜像

192:~ kevin$ docker rmi -f 镜像Id  # 删除指定的容器，这里可以使用镜像Id，也可以使用镜像名称
Untagged: mysql:5.7
Untagged: mysql@sha256:b3d1eff023f698cd433695c9506171f0d08a8f92a0c8063c1a4d9db9a55808df
Deleted: sha256:a70d36bc331a13d297f882d3d63137d24b804f29fa67158c40ad91d5050c39c5    # 这里只删除了一部分，公共部分是
Deleted: sha256:50c77bf7bcddd1f1d97789d80ac2404eec22c860c104e858620d2a2e321f0ef7    # 没有删除的
Deleted: sha256:14244329b83dfc8982398ee4104a548385652d2bffb957798ff86a419013efd6
Deleted: sha256:6d990477f90af28473eb601a9bca22253f6381e053c5a8edda0a4f027e124a3c
Deleted: sha256:ee0449796df204071589162fc16f8d65586312a40c68d1ba156c93c56f5e5ce8docker rmi -f 镜像Id 镜像Id 镜像Id    # 删除多个镜像kevin$ docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)       # 删除全部的镜像 $(docker images -aq)是查询所有的镜像id 然后递归删除
Untagged: mysql:latest
Untagged: mysql@sha256:feada149cb8ff54eade1336da7c1d080c4a1c7ed82b5e320efb5beebed85ae8c
Deleted: sha256:c8562eaf9d81c779cbfc318d6e01b8e6f86907f1d41233268a2ed83b2f34e748
Deleted: sha256:1b649b85960473808c6b812fc30c3f6a3ff1c0ffdcba5c9435daf01cf7d5373a
Deleted: sha256:19cc889447050c16c797fd209fa114ee219de23facb37c00d4137a4ed4aad922
Deleted: sha256:3c793c06a026d276cf56a6a6a75527026ed9eafa7a7d21a438f7d5ed2314148e
Deleted: sha256:1e1cd89a2bc183a7fea3dab0b543e9924278321ad0921c22cc088adbf3c2e77b
Deleted: sha256:83b2015dfd000588c7c947b2d89b3be7a8e5a3abc6ab562668c358033aa779ec
Deleted: sha256:d08533f1e2acc40ad561a46fc6a76b54c739e6b24f077c183c5709e0a6885312
Deleted: sha256:4f9d91a4728e833d1062fb65a792f06e22e425f63824f260c8b5a64b776ddc38
Deleted: sha256:20bf4c759d1b0d0e6286d2145453af4e0e1b7ba3d4efa3b8bce46817ad4109de
Deleted: sha256:a9371bbdf16ac95cc72555c6ad42f79b9f03a82d964fe89d52bdc5f335a5f42a
Deleted: sha256:5b02130e449d94f51e8ff6e5f7d24802246198749ed9eb064631e63833cd8f1d
Deleted: sha256:ab74465b38bc1acb16c23091df32c5b7033ed55783386cb57acae8efff9f4b37
Deleted: sha256:cb42413394c4059335228c137fe884ff3ab8946a014014309676c25e3ac86864192:~ kevin$ docker images  # 镜像已全部删除
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID   CREATED   SIZE

容器命令

说明：有了镜像才可以创建容器，这里下载一个centos镜像来测试学习

192:~ kevin$ docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
7a0437f04f83: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:5528e8b1b1719d34604c87e11dcd1c0a20bedf46e83b5632cdeac91b8c04efc1
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
docker.io/library/centos:latest

新建容器并启动

docker run [可选参数] image# 参数说明
--name="Name"        # 容器名字  nginx01  nginx02   用于区分容器
-d                          # 以后台方式运行
-it                         # 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-P                          # 指定容器的端口 8080      8080:8081   容器的端口和本地主机端口映射起来-P ip:主机端口:容器端口         例：-P 127.0.0.1:8080:8080-P 主机端口:容器端口 (常用)    例：-P 8080:8081-P 容器端口            例：-P 8080容器端口    例：8080
-p                          # 随机指定端口# 测试，以交互方式启动并进入容器
192:~ kevin$ docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@0bc58b507f30 /]# ls          # 产看容器内的centos，基础版本，很多命令是不完善的   # 命令的用户名已经更改为了 0bc58b507f30(容器ID的前几位)# 镜像内部的文件和外部的文件没有半毛钱关系
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var[root@0bc58b507f30 /]# exit       # 从容器中退回主机
exit
192:~ kevin$ ls
Applications                    Postman
Applications 2                  Public

列出所有运行的容器

# docker ps  命令# 无参数，列出当前正在运行的容器
-a      # 列出当前正在运行的容器 + 带出历史运行过得容器
-n=?   # 显示最近创建的容器  ?是个数
-q      # 只显示容器的编号192:~ kevin$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
192:~ kevin$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS                          PORTS                NAMES
0bc58b507f30   centos         "/bin/bash"              3 minutes ago   Exited (0) About a minute ago                        relaxed_gagarin
b1b0a46d841d   35c43ace9216   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   4 hours ago     Exited (0) 4 hours ago                               trusting_shaw

退出容器

exit # 直接容器停止并退出
Ctrl + P + Q  # 容器不停止退出192:~ kevin$ docker run -it centos
[root@69d577fb8a98 /]# exit
exit
192:~ kevin$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
192:~ kevin$ docker run -it centos
[root@312770d6b2e6 /]#
192:~ kevin$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
312770d6b2e6   centos    "/bin/bash"   13 seconds ago   Up 13 seconds             lucid_gagarin

删除容器

docker rm 容器id       # 删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制删除 rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)       # 删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm  # 删除所有的容器

启动和停止容器

docker start 容器id            # 启动容器
docker restart 容器id     # 重启容器
docker stop 容器id            # 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id            # 强制停止当前容器# 测试
192:~ kevin$ docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@98f514f9c797 /]# exit
exit
192:~ kevin$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
192:~ kevin$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS                        PORTS                NAMES
98f514f9c797   centos         "/bin/bash"              14 seconds ago   Exited (0) 10 seconds ago                          zen_curran
192:~ kevin$ docker start 98f514f9c797
98f514f9c797
192:~ kevin$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
98f514f9c797   centos    "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Up 3 seconds             zen_curran
192:~ kevin$ docker stop 98f514f9c797
98f514f9c797
192:~ kevin$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

常用其他命令

# 命令 docker run 镜像名
MacBook-Pro-4:~ kevin$ docker run -d centos
58a576866517cccc73de36fba7320db8b74c2d497ac3d15af56e8021855cc4d7# 问题docker ps 发现 centos停止了
MacBook-Pro-4:~ kevin$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES# 常见的坑  docker 容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker认为没有应用程序了，就会自动停止

查看日志命令

MacBook-Pro-4:~ kevin$ docker logs -f -t --tail 10 容器id   没有日志# 自己编写一段shell脚本
"while true; do echo kevin;sleep 5;done"# 启动容器并执行shell脚本
MacBook-Pro-4:~ kevin$ docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo kevin;sleep 5;done"
fa643e1c479fa79e8a9bb939fcdf4c2ed9c2e828abc86d7ce75b5bdb5b152cef# 查看正在运行的docker容器
MacBook-Pro-4:~ kevin$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
fa643e1c479f   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   45 seconds ago   Up 44 seconds             great_keldysh# 查看日志的打印
-f, --follow         # 跟踪日志的输出
-t, --timestamps     # 显示日志的生产时间
-f -t  或  -tf               # 显示日志的内容
--tail num      # 要显示的最新的日志的条数
MacBook-Pro-4:~ kevin$ docker logs -f -t --tail 10 fa643e1c479f
2021-03-05T06:15:14.517430875Z kevin
2021-03-05T06:15:19.522640464Z kevin

查看容器中的进程信息 ps

# 命令  docker top 容器id
MacBook-Pro-4:~ kevin$ docker top fa643e1c479f
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY
root                1952                1925                0                   06:14               ?
root                2083                1952                0                   06:22               ?

查看镜像的元数据

# 命令  docker inspect 容器id
MacBook-Pro-4:~ kevin$ docker inspect fa643e1c479f
[{"Id": "fa643e1c479fa79e8a9bb939fcdf4c2ed9c2e828abc86d7ce75b5bdb5b152cef", #容器完整id"Created": "2021-03-05T06:14:54.184272028Z","Path": "/bin/sh","Args": [                # 参数"-c","while true;do echo kevin;sleep 5;done"],"State": {      # 容器的状态"Status": "running","Running": true,"Paused": false,"Restarting": false,"OOMKilled": false,"Dead": false,"Pid": 1952,"ExitCode": 0,"Error": "","StartedAt": "2021-03-05T06:14:54.494555021Z","FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"},"Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",     # 镜像的秘钥"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/fa643e1c479fa79e8a9bb939fcdf4c2ed9c2e828abc86d7ce75b5bdb5b152cef/resolv.conf","HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/fa643e1c479fa79e8a9bb939fcdf4c2ed9c2e828abc86d7ce75b5bdb5b152cef/hostname","HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/fa643e1c479fa79e8a9bb939fcdf4c2ed9c2e828abc86d7ce75b5bdb5b152cef/hosts","LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/fa643e1c479fa79e8a9bb939fcdf4c2ed9c2e828abc86d7ce75b5bdb5b152cef/fa643e1c479fa79e8a9bb939fcdf4c2ed9c2e828abc86d7ce75b5bdb5b152cef-json.log","Name": "/great_keldysh","RestartCount": 0,"Driver": "overlay2","Platform": "linux","MountLabel": "","ProcessLabel": "","AppArmorProfile": "","ExecIDs": null,"HostConfig": {"Binds": null,"ContainerIDFile": "","LogConfig": {"Type": "json-file","Config": {}},"NetworkMode": "default","PortBindings": {},"RestartPolicy": {"Name": "no","MaximumRetryCount": 0},"AutoRemove": false,"VolumeDriver": "","VolumesFrom": null,"CapAdd": null,"CapDrop": null,"CgroupnsMode": "host","Dns": [],"DnsOptions": [],"DnsSearch": [],"ExtraHosts": null,"GroupAdd": null,"IpcMode": "private","Cgroup": "","Links": null,"OomScoreAdj": 0,"PidMode": "","Privileged": false,"PublishAllPorts": false,"ReadonlyRootfs": false,"SecurityOpt": null,"UTSMode": "","UsernsMode": "","ShmSize": 67108864,"Runtime": "runc","ConsoleSize": [0,0],"Isolation": "","CpuShares": 0,"Memory": 0,"NanoCpus": 0,"CgroupParent": "","BlkioWeight": 0,"BlkioWeightDevice": [],"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,"CpuPeriod": 0,"CpuQuota": 0,"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,"CpusetCpus": "","CpusetMems": "","Devices": [],"DeviceCgroupRules": null,"DeviceRequests": null,"KernelMemory": 0,"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,"MemoryReservation": 0,"MemorySwap": 0,"MemorySwappiness": null,"OomKillDisable": false,"PidsLimit": null,"Ulimits": null,"CpuCount": 0,"CpuPercent": 0,"IOMaximumIOps": 0,"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,"MaskedPaths": ["/proc/asound","/proc/acpi","/proc/kcore","/proc/keys","/proc/latency_stats","/proc/timer_list","/proc/timer_stats","/proc/sched_debug","/proc/scsi","/sys/firmware"],"ReadonlyPaths": ["/proc/bus","/proc/fs","/proc/irq","/proc/sys","/proc/sysrq-trigger"]},"GraphDriver": {"Data": {"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/08b0e8b691f7bc526c4efecdc98ef5b5c07e5ad2a957985c9173b0e5c42af46a-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/dd64b455512831cb4b11171ce1a02c265268911057c7555508efecd15ebefd2f/diff","MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/08b0e8b691f7bc526c4efecdc98ef5b5c07e5ad2a957985c9173b0e5c42af46a/merged","UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/08b0e8b691f7bc526c4efecdc98ef5b5c07e5ad2a957985c9173b0e5c42af46a/diff","WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/08b0e8b691f7bc526c4efecdc98ef5b5c07e5ad2a957985c9173b0e5c42af46a/work"},"Name": "overlay2"},"Mounts": [],"Config": {"Hostname": "fa643e1c479f","Domainname": "","User": "","AttachStdin": false,"AttachStdout": false,"AttachStderr": false,"Tty": false,"OpenStdin": false,"StdinOnce": false,"Env": ["PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"],"Cmd": ["/bin/sh","-c","while true;do echo kevin;sleep 5;done"],"Image": "centos","Volumes": null,"WorkingDir": "","Entrypoint": null,"OnBuild": null,"Labels": {"org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204","org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2","org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image","org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0","org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"}},"NetworkSettings": {     # 网络设置"Bridge": "","SandboxID": "630b78f0a805282d51770a8bbe17c05621e33b6dee1466d2c42e64c5b8161544","HairpinMode": false,"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "","LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"Ports": {},"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/630b78f0a805","SecondaryIPAddresses": null,"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,"EndpointID": "306a4d4526680d9cfbc3e47ccb42a48b36a7ae3de5817a59a71a33723380bdbe","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03","Networks": {"bridge": {"IPAMConfig": null,"Links": null,"Aliases": null,"NetworkID": "f30c55f149e8ce0144770cbfc10133589e9b344b5f064bdd04e9a0b4007c6df2","EndpointID": "306a4d4526680d9cfbc3e47ccb42a48b36a7ae3de5817a59a71a33723380bdbe","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","IPAddress": "172.17.0.3","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03","DriverOpts": null}}}}
]

进入当前正在运行的容器

# 通常容器都是后台方式运行的，有时需要进入容器修改一些配置# 方式一：
docker exce -it 容器id bashShell# 测试
MacBook-Pro-4:~ kevin$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
fa643e1c479f   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   16 minutes ago   Up 16 minutes             great_keldysh
d4d7173ff8a1   centos    "/bin/bash"              23 minutes ago   Up 23 minutes             hungry_kare
MacBook-Pro-4:~ kevin$ docker exec -it fa643e1c479f /bin/bash
[root@fa643e1c479f /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@fa643e1c479f /]# ps -ef
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 06:14 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo kevin;sleep 5;done
root       208     0  0 06:31 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root       226     1  0 06:31 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 5
root       227   208  0 06:31 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef# 方式二：
docker attach 容器id# 测试
MacBook-Pro-4:~ kevin$ docker attach d4d7173ff8a1
[root@d4d7173ff8a1 /]# # 区别
# docker exec           # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作(常用)
# docker attach     # 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会开启一个新的终端

从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

# 命令  docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的主机的路径# 进入docker容器内部
MacBook-Pro-4:~ kevin$ docker attach d4d7173ff8a1
[root@d4d7173ff8a1 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@d4d7173ff8a1 /]# cd home
[root@d4d7173ff8a1 home]# ls
# 新建一个文件kevin.txt
[root@d4d7173ff8a1 home]# touch kevin.txt
[root@d4d7173ff8a1 home]# ls
kevin.txt
[root@d4d7173ff8a1 home]# pwd
/home
[root@d4d7173ff8a1 home]# # 将文件拷贝出来到主机上
MacBook-Pro-4:~ kevin$ docker cp d4d7173ff8a1:/home/kevin.txt /Users/kevin/Java/
MacBook-Pro-4:Java kevin$ ls
kevin.txt
MacBook-Pro-4:Java kevin$ pwd
/Users/kevin/Java# 拷贝是一个手动的过程，未来我们使用 -v 卷的技术，可以实现自动同步  docker容器/home      主机/home  自动同步

按照教程一步步的走下来，相信你会对docker有了一个初步的基础认知了，后续会陆续更新教程的