Centos7下的nltk启动问题。

CentOS 7，Python 3.6，ipython 6.0.0

问题描述

ipython

启动ipython命令

import nltk

爆出以下的错误信息：

In [1]: import nltk

ModuleNotFoundError                       Traceback (most recent call last)

in ()

----> 1 import nltk

/opt/python36env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/nltk/__init__.py in ()

135 from nltk.translate import *

136 from nltk.sem import *

--> 137 from nltk.stem import *

138

139 # Packages which can be lazily imported

/opt/python36env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/nltk/stem/__init__.py in ()

27 from nltk.stem.isri import ISRIStemmer

28 from nltk.stem.porter import PorterStemmer

---> 29 from nltk.stem.snowball import SnowballStemmer

30 from nltk.stem.wordnet import WordNetLemmatizer

31 from nltk.stem.rslp import RSLPStemmer

/opt/python36env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/nltk/stem/snowball.py in ()

24

25 from nltk import compat

---> 26 from nltk.corpus import stopwords

27 from nltk.stem import porter

28 from nltk.stem.util import suffix_replace

/opt/python36env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/nltk/corpus/__init__.py in ()

64 from nltk.tokenize import RegexpTokenizer

65 from nltk.corpus.util import LazyCorpusLoader

---> 66 from nltk.corpus.reader import *

67

68 abc = LazyCorpusLoader(

/opt/python36env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/nltk/corpus/reader/__init__.py in ()

103 from nltk.corpus.reader.categorized_sents import *

104 from nltk.corpus.reader.comparative_sents import *

--> 105 from nltk.corpus.reader.panlex_lite import *

106

107 # Make sure that nltk.corpus.reader.bracket_parse gives the module, not

/opt/python36env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/nltk/corpus/reader/panlex_lite.py in ()

13

14 import os

---> 15 import sqlite3

16

17 from nltk.corpus.reader.api import CorpusReader

/usr/local/lib/python3.6/sqlite3/__init__.py in ()

21 # 3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.

22

---> 23 from sqlite3.dbapi2 import *

/usr/local/lib/python3.6/sqlite3/dbapi2.py in ()

25 import collections.abc

26

---> 27 from _sqlite3 import *

28

29 paramstyle = "qmark"

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_sqlite3'

从错误信息来分析，可以发现，就是sqlite3找不到而已。

问题分析与解决

那就尝试看看sqlite3是否已经安装：

yum search sqlite3

yum search sqlite3

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

N/S matched: sqlite3

libsqlite3x.x86_64 : A C++ Wrapper for the SQLite3 embeddable SQL database engine

libsqlite3x-devel.x86_64 : Development files for libsqlite3x

preludedb-sqlite3.x86_64 : Plugin to use prelude with a SQLite3 database

rubygem-sqlite3.x86_64 : Allows Ruby scripts to interface with a SQLite3 database

rubygem-sqlite3-doc.noarch : Documentation for rubygem-sqlite3

soci-sqlite3.x86_64 : SQLite3 back-end for soci

soci-sqlite3-devel.x86_64 : SQLite3 back-end for soci

uwsgi-plugin-sqlite3.x86_64 : uWSGI - SQLite3 plugin

dspam-sqlite3.x86_64 : SQLite v3.x storage driver for libdspam

golang-googlecode-sqlite-devel.i686 : Trivial sqlite3 binding for Go

golang-googlecode-sqlite-devel.x86_64 : Trivial sqlite3 binding for Go

libsq3.x86_64 : A C++ Wrapper for the SQLite3 embeddable SQL database engine

libsq3-devel.x86_64 : Development files for libsqlite3x

opendbx-sqlite.x86_64 : SQLite 3 backend - provides sqlite3 support in opendbx

python-sqlite3dbm.noarch : SQLite-backed dictionary conforming to the dbm interface

sqlite-devel.i686 : Development tools for the sqlite3 embeddable SQL database engine

sqlite-devel.x86_64 : Development tools for the sqlite3 embeddable SQL database engine

sqlite-tcl.x86_64 : Tcl module for the sqlite3 embeddable SQL database engine

sqlite3-dbf.x86_64 : Converter of XBase / FoxPro tables to SQLite

zabbix20-proxy-sqlite3.x86_64 : Zabbix proxy compiled to use SQLite

zabbix22-dbfiles-sqlite3.noarch : Zabbix database schemas and patches

zabbix22-proxy-sqlite3.x86_64 : Zabbix proxy compiled to use SQLite

找到了sqlite3-devel，那就安装好了

yum install sqlite-devel

yum install sqlite-devel

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package sqlite-devel.x86_64 0:3.7.17-8.el7 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

Package　　　Arch　　　Version　　　Repository　　　Size

Installing:

sqlite-devel　　　x86_64　　　3.7.17-8.el7　　　base　　　104 k

Transaction Summary

Install  1 Package

Total download size: 104 k

Installed size: 366 k

Is this ok [y/d/N]: y

Downloading packages:

sqlite-devel-3.7.17-8.el7.x86_64.rpm　　　| 104 kB  00:00:00

Running transaction check

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded

Running transaction

Installing : sqlite-devel-3.7.17-8.el7.x86_64　　　1/1

Verifying  : sqlite-devel-3.7.17-8.el7.x86_64　　　1/1

Installed:

sqlite-devel.x86_64 0:3.7.17-8.el7　　　Complete!

问题没有解决

重新启动ipython

import nltk

但是问题依然存在，哪里出的问题呢？

问题最终解决

虽然安装了sqlite3的数据库，但是对于ipython的环境来说，确实无法找到sqlite3。

于是，我重新编译，并且安装了一下python3。

注意：这个是在sqlite3安装成功之后，在安装python的运行环境。

于是重新启动ipython，问题消逝，一切正常，本质上就是sqlite3的安装，以及sqlite3与python运行环境之间的匹配的问题。