linux文件目录分析之/etc目录
2024-05-17 09:09:20
在linux下修改系统配置时就会在/etc这个目录下修改配置文件，可见这个目录是系统的配置文件目录。
在终端输入ls看看里面的文件：
$ ls
acpi calendar dpkg host.conf ldaptor magic.mime os-release rc2.d shells udev
adduser.conf chatscripts drirc hostname ldapvi.conf mailcap overlayroot.conf rc3.d signond.conf udisks2
alternatives console-setup emacs hosts ld.so.cache mailcap.order pam.conf rc4.d skel ufw
apache2 cpu environment hosts.allow ld.so.conf manpath.config pam.d rc5.d sos.conf updatedb.conf
apg.conf cracklib ffserver.conf hosts.deny ld.so.conf.d mdadm papersize rc6.d sound update-manager
apm cron.d fonts ImageMagick-6 legal memcached.conf passwd rc.local ssh update-motd.d
apparmor cron.daily fstab init libao.conf mime.types passwd- rcS.d ssl update-notifier
apparmor.d cron.hourly fuse.conf init.d libaudit.conf mke2fs.conf perl resolvconf subgid UPower
apport cron.monthly gai.conf initramfs-tools libnl-3 modprobe.d php resolv.conf subgid- upstart-xsessions
apt crontab gconf inputrc libpaper.d modules pki rmt subuid usb_modeswitch.conf
at.deny cron.weekly gdb insserv lightdm modules-load.d pm rpc subuid- vdpau_wrapper.cfg
at-spi2 crypttab ghostscript insserv.conf lighttpd mongodb.conf polkit-1 rsyslog.conf subversion vim
auth-client-config cupshelpers gnome insserv.conf.d lintianrc mtab popularity-contest.conf rsyslog.d sudoers vmware-tools
avahi dbus-1 gnome-vfs-2.0 iproute2 locale.alias mysql ppp samba sudoers.d vtrgb
bash.bashrc dconf GNUstep iscsi locale.gen nanorc profile sane.d supervisor vulkan
bash_completion debconf.conf groff issue localtime network profile.d screenrc sysctl.conf wgetrc
bash_completion.d debian_version group issue.net logcheck NetworkManager protocols securetty sysctl.d wpa_supplicant
bind default group- java-8-openjdk login.defs networks pulse security sysstat X11
bindresvport.blacklist deluser.conf grub.d kbd logrotate.conf newt python selinux systemd xdg
binfmt.d depmod.d gshadow kernel logrotate.d nsswitch.conf python2.7 sensors3.conf terminfo xml
bluetooth dhcp gshadow- kernel-img.conf lsb-release nvcc.profile python3 sensors.d texmf zsh_command_not_found
bonobo-activation dictionaries-common gss ldap ltrace.conf openal python3.5 services thermald
byobu dkms gtk-2.0 ldap-account-manager lvm OpenCL rarfiles.lst sgml timezone
ca-certificates dnsmasq.d gtk-3.0 ldap.conf machine-id openmpi rc0.d shadow tmpfiles.d
ca-certificates.conf docker hdparm.conf ldapscripts magic opt rc1.d shadow- ucf.conf
可以看到里面都是些系统配置文件，系统配置目录，应用程序配置文件，应用程序配置目录。
/etc/profile
系统全局环境变量设置，里面可以添加对所有用户有效的环境变量，系统配置等。
$ cat profile
# /etc/profile: system-wide .profile file for the Bourne shell (sh(1))
# and Bourne compatible shells (bash(1), ksh(1), ash(1), ...).if [ "$PS1" ]; thenif [ "$BASH" ] && [ "$BASH" != "/bin/sh" ]; then# The file bash.bashrc already sets the default PS1.# PS1='\h:\w\$ 'if [ -f /etc/bash.bashrc ]; then. /etc/bash.bashrcfielseif [ "`id -u`" -eq 0 ]; thenPS1='# 'elsePS1='$ 'fifi
fiif [ -d /etc/profile.d ]; thenfor i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh; doif [ -r $i ]; then. $ifidoneunset i
fi
/etc/bash.bashrc
bash的环境变量配置，里面添加启动bash时读取的环境。
$ cat bash.bashrc
# System-wide .bashrc file for interactive bash(1) shells.# To enable the settings / commands in this file for login shells as well,
# this file has to be sourced in /etc/profile.# If not running interactively, don't do anything
[ -z "$PS1" ] && return# check the window size after each command and, if necessary,
# update the values of LINES and COLUMNS.
shopt -s checkwinsize# set variable identifying the chroot you work in (used in the prompt below)
if [ -z "${debian_chroot:-}" ] && [ -r /etc/debian_chroot ]; thendebian_chroot=$(cat /etc/debian_chroot)
fi# set a fancy prompt (non-color, overwrite the one in /etc/profile)
PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '# Commented out, don't overwrite xterm -T "title" -n "icontitle" by default.
# If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir
#case "$TERM" in
#xterm*|rxvt*)
# PROMPT_COMMAND='echo -ne "\033]0;${USER}@${HOSTNAME}: ${PWD}\007"'
# ;;
#*)
# ;;
#esac# enable bash completion in interactive shells
#if ! shopt -oq posix; then
# if [ -f /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then
# . /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
# elif [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
# . /etc/bash_completion
# fi
#fi# sudo hint
if [ ! -e "$HOME/.sudo_as_admin_successful" ] && [ ! -e "$HOME/.hushlogin" ] ; thencase " $(groups) " in *\ admin\ *|*\ sudo\ *)if [ -x /usr/bin/sudo ]; thencat <<-EOFTo run a command as administrator (user "root"), use "sudo <command>".See "man sudo_root" for details.EOFfiesac
fi# if the command-not-found package is installed, use it
if [ -x /usr/lib/command-not-found -o -x /usr/share/command-not-found/command-not-found ]; thenfunction command_not_found_handle {# check because c-n-f could've been removed in the meantimeif [ -x /usr/lib/command-not-found ]; then/usr/lib/command-not-found -- "$1"return $?elif [ -x /usr/share/command-not-found/command-not-found ]; then/usr/share/command-not-found/command-not-found -- "$1"return $?elseprintf "%s: command not found\n" "$1" >&2return 127fi}
fi
/etc/hosts
主机域名的配置。
$ cat hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.1.1 ubuntu# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters192.168.2.22 Master
192.168.2.23 Backup
192.168.2.61 vedio1
192.168.2.62 vedio2
/etc/ld.so.cof
ldconfig命令读取的系统库目录配置文件。
$ cat ld.so.conf
include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
/usr/local/cuda-8.0/lib64
/usr/local/samba/lib/etc/ld.so.cache
ldconfig命令读取的系统库路径生成的缓存文件。
/etc/timezone
系统的时间时区设置。
/etc/adduser.conf
添加的用户信息。
/etc/deluser.conf
删除用户信息。
/etc/group
用户组信息。
/etc/crontab
系统定时任务信息。
/etc/passwd
用户密码信息。
/etc/sudoers
具有sodu执行权限的用户信息。
/etc/protocols
系统支持的ip协议簇。
/etc/sysctl.conf
系统内核的配置文件。
$ cat sysctl.conf
#
# /etc/sysctl.conf - Configuration file for setting system variables
# See /etc/sysctl.d/ for additional system variables.
# See sysctl.conf (5) for information.
##kernel.domainname = example.com# Uncomment the following to stop low-level messages on console
#kernel.printk = 3 4 1 3##############################################################3
# Functions previously found in netbase
## Uncomment the next two lines to enable Spoof protection (reverse-path filter)
# Turn on Source Address Verification in all interfaces to
# prevent some spoofing attacks
#net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=1
#net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=1# Uncomment the next line to enable TCP/IP SYN cookies
# See http://lwn.net/Articles/277146/
# Note: This may impact IPv6 TCP sessions too
#net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1# Uncomment the next line to enable packet forwarding for IPv4
#net.ipv4.ip_forward=1# Uncomment the next line to enable packet forwarding for IPv6
# Enabling this option disables Stateless Address Autoconfiguration
# based on Router Advertisements for this host
#net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1###################################################################
# Additional settings - these settings can improve the network
# security of the host and prevent against some network attacks
# including spoofing attacks and man in the middle attacks through
# redirection. Some network environments, however, require that these
# settings are disabled so review and enable them as needed.
#
# Do not accept ICMP redirects (prevent MITM attacks)
#net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
#net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
# _or_
# Accept ICMP redirects only for gateways listed in our default
# gateway list (enabled by default)
# net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects = 1
#
# Do not send ICMP redirects (we are not a router)
#net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
#
# Do not accept IP source route packets (we are not a router)
#net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
#net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
#
# Log Martian Packets
#net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1
#
参考链接： http://blog.csdn.net/rig622/article/details/7591419
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