matlab编程范例

Any fool can write code that a computer can understand. Good programmers write code that humans can understand.

任何傻瓜都可以编写计算机可以理解的代码。 好的程序员编写人类可以理解的代码。

When programming, complexity is always the enemy. Programs with great complexity, with many moving parts and interdependent components, seem initially impressive. However, the ability to translate a real-world problem into a simple or elegant solution requires a deeper understanding.

在编程时，复杂性永远是敌人。 程序复杂性极高，具有许多活动部件和相互依赖的组件，一开始似乎令人印象深刻。 但是，将现实世界中的问题转换为简单或优雅的解决方案的能力需要更深入的理解。

While developing an application or solving a simple problem, we often say “If I had more time, I would have written a simpler program”. The reason is, we made a program with greater complexity. The less complexity we have, the easier it is to debug and understand. The more complex a program becomes, the harder it is to work on it.

在开发应用程序或解决简单问题时，我们经常说“如果我有更多时间，我会写一个更简单的程序”。 原因是，我们制作了一个具有更高复杂性的程序。 我们拥有的复杂性越少，调试和理解就越容易。 程序变得越复杂，就越难以执行。

Managing complexity is a programmer’s main concern. So how do programmers deal with complexity? There are many general approaches that reduce complexity in a program or make it more manageable. One of the main approaches is a programming paradigm. Let's dive into programming paradigms!

管理复杂性是程序员的主要问题 。 那么程序员如何处理复杂性呢？ 有许多通用方法可以降低程序的复杂性或使其更易于管理。 主要方法之一是编程范例。 让我们深入探讨编程范例！

编程范例简介 (Introduction to programming paradigms)

The term programming paradigm refers to a style of programming. It does not refer to a specific language, but rather it refers to the way you program.

编程范式一词是指一种编程风格 。 它不是指特定的语言，而是指您编程的方式。

There are lots of programming languages that are well-known but all of them need to follow some strategy when they are implemented. And that strategy is a paradigm.

有许多众所周知的编程语言，但是在实现它们时都需要遵循一些策略。 而这种策略就是一个范例。

编程范例的类型 (The types of programming paradigms)

命令式编程范例 (Imperative programming paradigm)

The word “imperative” comes from the Latin “impero” meaning “I command”.

“命令式”一词来自拉丁语“ impero”，意为“我命令”。

It’s the same word we get “emperor” from, and that’s quite apt. You’re the emperor. You give the computer little orders to do and it does them one at a time and reports back.

这是我们从中获得“皇帝”的同一个词，非常恰当。 你是皇帝 您向计算机下达的命令很少，它一次执行一次，然后报告。

The paradigm consists of several statements, and after the execution of all of them, the result is stored. It’s about writing a list of instructions to tell the computer what to do step by step.

该范式由几个语句组成，并在所有语句执行后存储结果。 这是关于编写指令列表以逐步告诉计算机该做什么。

In an imperative programming paradigm, the order of the steps is crucial, because a given step will have different consequences depending on the current values of variables when the step is executed.

在命令式编程范例中，步骤的顺序至关重要，因为给定的步骤将根据执行该步骤时变量的当前值而产生不同的结果。

To illustrate, let's find the sum of first ten natural numbers in the imperative paradigm approach.

为了说明，让我们找到命令式范例方法中前十个自然数的总和。

Example in C:

在C中的示例：

#include <stdio.h>int main()
{int sum = 0;sum += 1;sum += 2;sum += 3;sum += 4;sum += 5;sum += 6;sum += 7;sum += 8;sum += 9;sum += 10;printf("The sum is: %d\n", sum); //prints-> The sum is 55return 0;
}

In the above example, we are commanding the computer what to do line by line. Finally, we are storing the value and printing it.

在上面的示例中，我们正在命令计算机逐行执行操作。 最后，我们存储值并打印出来。

1.1过程编程范例 (1.1 Procedural programming paradigm)

Procedural programming (which is also imperative) allows splitting those instructions into procedures.

过程编程(这也是必须的) 允许将这些指令拆分为过程 。

NOTE: Procedures aren't functions. The difference between them is that functions return a value, and procedures do not. More specifically, functions are designed to have minimal side effects, and always produce the same output when given the same input. Procedures, on the other hand, do not have any return value. Their primary purpose is to accomplish a given task and cause a desired side effect.

注意：程序不是功能。 它们之间的区别是函数返回值，而过程则不返回值。 更具体地说，功能被设计为具有最小的副作用，并在给定相同的输入时始终产生相同的输出。 另一方面，过程没有任何返回值。 它们的主要目的是完成给定的任务并引起所需的副作用。

A great example of procedures would be the well known for loop. The for loop's main purpose is to cause side effects and it does not return a value.

过程的一个很好的例子是众所周知的for循环。 for循环的主要目的是引起副作用，并且不返回值。

To illustrate, let's find the sum of first ten natural numbers in the procedural paradigm approach.

为了说明这一点，让我们找到过程范式方法中的前十个自然数之和。

Example in C:

在C中的示例：

#include <stdio.h>int main()
{int sum = 0;int i =0;for(i=1;i<11;i++){sum += i;}printf("The sum is: %d\n", sum); //prints-> The sum is 55return 0;
}

In the example above, we've used a simple for loop to find the summation of the first ten natural numbers.

在上面的示例中，我们使用了一个简单的for循环来查找前十个自然数的总和。

Languages that support the procedural programming paradigm are:

支持过程编程范例的语言是：

• CC
• C++C ++
• JavaJava
• ColdFusionColdFusion
• Pascal帕斯卡

在以下情况下，过程编程通常是最佳选择： (Procedural programming is often the best choice when:)

• There is a complex operation which includes dependencies between operations, and when there is a need for clear visibility of the different application states ('SQL loading', 'SQL loaded', 'Network online', 'No audio hardware', etc). This is usually appropriate for application startup and shutdown (Holligan, 2016).有一个复杂的操作，其中包括操作之间的依赖关系，以及需要清晰可见的不同应用程序状态(“ SQL加载”，“ SQL加载”，“网络在线”，“无音频硬件”等)时。 这通常适用于应用程序启动和关闭(Holligan，2016年)。
• The program is very unique and few elements were shared (Holligan, 2016).该计划非常独特，共享的要素很少(Holligan，2016年)。
• The program is static and not expected to change much over time (Holligan, 2016).该程序是静态的，预计不会随时间变化很大(Holligan，2016年)。
• None or only a few features are expected to be added to the project over time (Holligan, 2016).随着时间的流逝，预计没有或只有少量功能会添加到项目中(Holligan，2016年)。

您为什么要考虑学习过程编程范例？ (Why should you consider learning the procedural programming paradigm?)

• It's simple.这很简单。
• An easier way to keep track of program flow.跟踪程序流程的更简单方法。
• It has the ability to be strongly modular or structured.它具有高度模块化或结构化的能力。
• Needs less memory: It's efficient and effective.需要更少的内存：它高效而有效。

1.2面向对象的编程范例 (1.2 Object-oriented programming paradigm)

OOP is the most popular programming paradigm because of its unique advantages like the modularity of the code and the ability to directly associate real-world business problems in terms of code.

OOP是最流行的编程范例，因为它具有独特的优势，例如代码的模块化以及能够根据代码直接关联实际业务问题的能力。

Object-oriented programming offers a sustainable way to write spaghetti code. It lets you accrete programs as a series of patches.

面向对象的编程提供了一种可持续的方式来编写意大利面条式代码。 它使您可以将程序作为一系列补丁来添加。

The key characteristics of object-oriented programming include Class, Abstraction, Encapsulation, Inheritance and Polymorphism.

面向对象编程的关键特性包括类，抽象，封装，继承和多态。

A class is a template or blueprint from which objects are created.

类是从中创建对象的模板或蓝图。

Objects are instances of classes. Objects have attributes/states and methods/behaviors. Attributes are data associated with the object while methods are actions/functions that the object can perform.

对象是类的实例。 对象具有属性/状态和方法/行为。 属性是与对象关联的数据，而方法是对象可以执行的动作/功能。

Abstraction separates the interface from implementation. Encapsulation is the process of hiding the internal implementation of an object.

抽象将接口与实现分开。 封装是隐藏对象的内部实现的过程。

Inheritance enables hierarchical relationships to be represented and refined. Polymorphism allows objects of different types to receive the same message and respond in different ways.

继承使层次结构关系得以表示和完善。 多态性允许不同类型的对象接收相同的消息并以不同的方式响应。

To illustrate, let's find the sum of first ten natural numbers in the object-oriented paradigm approach.

为了说明，让我们找到面向对象范例方法中前十个自然数的总和。

Example in Java:

Java范例：

public class Main
{public static void main(String[] args) {Addition obj = new Addition();obj.num = 10;int answer = obj.addValues();System.out.println("The sum is = "+answer); //prints-> The sum is 55}
}class Addition {int sum =0;int num =0;int addValues(){for(int i=1; i<=num;i++){sum += i;}return sum;}
}

We have a class Addition that has two states, sum and num which are initialized to zero. We also have a method addValues() which returns the sum of num numbers.

我们有一个Addition类，它具有两个状态， sum和num初始化为零。 我们也有一个方法addValues()返回的总和num数字。

In the Main class, we've created an object, obj of Addition class. Then, we've initialized the num to 10 and we've called addValues() method to get the sum.

在Main类中，我们创建了一个对象，Addition类的obj 。 然后，我们将num初始化为10，并调用addValues()方法获取总和。

Languages that support the object-oriented paradigm:

支持面向对象范例的语言：

• PythonPython
• RubyRuby
• JavaJava
• C++C ++
• Smalltalk短暂聊天

在以下情况下，最好使用面向对象的编程： (Object-oriented programming is best used when:)

• You have multiple programmers who don’t need to understand each component (Holligan, 2016).您有多个程序员不需要了解每个组件(Holligan，2016年)。
• There is a lot of code that could be shared and reused (Holligan, 2016).有很多代码可以共享和重用(Holligan，2016年)。
• The project is anticipated to change often and be added to over time (Holligan, 2016).预计该项目会经常更改，并会随着时间的推移而增加(Holligan，2016年)。

为什么要考虑学习面向对象的编程范例？ (Why should you consider learning the object-oriented programming paradigm?)

• Reuse of code through Inheritance.通过继承重用代码。
• Flexibility through Polymorphism.通过多态性实现灵活性。
• High security with the use of data hiding (Encapsulation) and Abstraction mechanisms.使用数据隐藏(封装)和抽象机制实现高安全性。
• Improved software development productivity: An object-oriented programmer can stitch new software objects to make completely new programs (The Saylor Foundation, n.d.).提高的软件开发效率：面向对象的程序员可以缝合新的软件对象，以制作全新的程序(The Saylor Foundation，nd)。
• Faster development: Reuse enables faster development (The Saylor Foundation, n.d.).加快开发速度：重复使用可以加快开发速度(The Saylor Foundation，nd)。
• Lower cost of development: The reuse of software also lowers the cost of development. Typically, more effort is put into the object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD), which lowers the overall cost of development (The Saylor Foundation, n.d.).降低开发成本：软件的重用也降低了开发成本。 通常，将更多的精力投入到面向对象的分析和设计(OOAD)中，从而降低了总体开发成本(The Saylor Foundation，nd)。
• Higher-quality software: Faster development of software and lower cost of development allows more time and resources to be used in the verification of the software. Object-oriented programming tends to result in higher-quality software (The Saylor Foundation, n.d.).高质量的软件：更快的软件开发和更低的开发成本允许更多的时间和资源用于软件验证。 面向对象的程序设计倾向于产生更高质量的软件(The Saylor Foundation，nd)。

1.3并行处理方式 (1.3 Parallel processing approach)

Parallel processing is the processing of program instructions by dividing them among multiple processors.

并行处理是通过在多个处理器之间划分程序指令来进行的处理。

A parallel processing system allows many processors to run a program in less time by dividing them up.

并行处理系统允许许多处理器通过划分它们而在更少的时间内运行程序。

Languages that support the Parallel processing approach:

支持并行处理方法的语言：

• NESL (one of the oldest ones)NESL(最古老的之一)
• CC
• C++C ++

在以下情况下，并行处理方法通常是最佳的选择： (Parallel processing approach is often the best use when:)

• You have a system that has more than one CPU or multi-core processors which are commonly found on computers today.您所拥有的系统具有不止一个CPU或多核处理器，而这些是当今计算机上常见的。
• You need to solve some computational problems that take hours/days to solve even with the benefit of a more powerful microprocessor. 即使需要使用功能更强大的微处理器，您也需要解决一些需要花费数小时/天才能解决的计算问题。
• You work with real-world data that needs more dynamic simulation and modeling.您需要处理需要更多动态仿真和建模的真实数据。

为什么要考虑学习并行处理方法？ (Why should you consider learning the parallel processing approach?)

• Speeds up performance.加快性能。

• Often used in Artificial Intelligence. Learn more here: Artificial Intelligence and Parallel Processing by Seyed H. Roosta.

  常用于人工智能。 在此处了解更多信息：Seyed H. Roosta的人工智能和并行处理 。

• It makes it easy to solve problems since this approach seems to be like a divide and conquer method. 由于此方法似乎像分而治之的方法，因此很容易解决问题。

Here are some useful resources to learn more about parallel processing:

以下是一些有用的资源，以了解有关并行处理的更多信息：

1. Parallel Programming in C by Paul Gribble

   Paul Gribble的C并行编程

2. Introduction to Parallel Programming with MPI and OpenMP by Charles Augustine

   Charles Augustine的MPI和OpenMP并行编程简介

3. INTRODUCTION TO PARALLEL PROGRAMMING WITH MPI AND OPENMP by Benedikt Steinbusch

   Benedikt Steinbusch 介绍使用MPI和OPENMP并行编程

2.声明式编程范例 (2. Declarative programming paradigm)

Declarative programming is a style of building programs that expresses the logic of a computation without talking about its control flow.

声明式编程是一种构建程序的样式，该表达式表示计算的逻辑而无需谈论其控制流。

Declarative programming is a programming paradigm in which the programmer defines what needs to be accomplished by the program without defining how it needs to be implemented. In other words, the approach focuses on what needs to be achieved instead of instructing how to achieve it.

声明式编程是一种编程范例，程序员在其中定义需要由程序完成的内容，而不定义需要如何实现的内容。 换句话说，该方法侧重于需要实现的目标，而不是指示如何实现。

Imagine the president during the state of the union declaring their intentions for what they want to happen. On the other hand, imperative programming would be like a manager of a McDonald's franchise. They are very imperative and as a result, this makes everything important. They, therefore, tell everyone how to do everything down to the simplest of actions.

想象一下，在工会状态下，总统宣布了他们想要实现的目标的意图。 另一方面，命令式编程就像是麦当劳特许经营的经理。 它们非常重要，因此，这使得一切都很重要。 因此，他们告诉每个人如何做最简单的动作。

So the main differences are that imperative tells you how to do something and declarative tells you what to do.

所以主要的区别是命令式告诉你如何做 ，声明式告诉你该做什么 。

2.1逻辑编程范例 (2.1 Logic programming paradigm)

The logic programming paradigm takes a declarative approach to problem-solving. It's based on formal logic.

逻辑编程范例采用声明式方法来解决问题。 它基于形式逻辑。

The logic programming paradigm isn't made up of instructions - rather it's made up of facts and clauses. It uses everything it knows and tries to come up with the world where all of those facts and clauses are true.

逻辑编程范式不是由指令组成的，而是由事实和从句组成的。 它使用它所知道的一切，并试图提出一个世界，其中所有这些事实和条款都是真实的。

For instance, Socrates is a man, all men are mortal, and therefore Socrates is mortal.

例如，苏格拉底是一个人，所有人都是凡人，因此苏格拉底是凡人。

The following is a simple Prolog program which explains the above instance:

以下是一个简单的Prolog程序，它解释了上述实例：

man(Socrates).mortal(X) :- man(X).

The first line can be read, "Socrates is a man.'' It is a base clause, which represents a simple fact.

第一行可以读为“苏格拉底是一个男人。”这是一个基本条款，表示一个简单的事实。

The second line can be read, "X is mortal if X is a man;'' in other words, "All men are mortal.'' This is a clause, or rule, for determining when its input X is "mortal.'' (The symbol ":-'', sometimes called a turnstile, is pronounced "if''.) We can test the program by asking the question:

“;‘换句话说，所有的人都必死。’X是致命如果X是一个人”‘’这是一个条款，或规则，用于确定何时它的输入X是“死的“第二行可以被读取，。 '(符号“：-”，有时也称为旋转门，发音为“ if”。)我们可以通过询问以下问题来测试程序：

?- mortal(Socrates).

that is, "Is Socrates mortal?'' (The "?-'' is the computer's prompt for a question). Prolog will respond "yes''. Another question we may ask is:

也就是说，“苏格拉底是凡人吗？”(“ ?- ”是计算机提示问题的提示)。 Prolog会回答“ yes ”，我们可能会问的另一个问题是：

?- mortal(X).

That is, "Who (X) is mortal?'' Prolog will respond "X = Socrates''.

也就是说，“谁(X)是凡人？” Prolog会回答“ X = Socrates ”。

To give you an idea, John is Bill's and Lisa's father. Mary is Bill's and Lisa's mother. Now, if someone asks a question like "who is the father of Bill and Lisa?" or "who is the mother of Bill and Lisa?" we can teach the computer to answer these questions using logic programming.

约翰是比尔和丽莎的父亲。 玛丽是比尔和丽莎的母亲。 现在，如果有人问诸如“比尔和丽莎的父亲是谁？”的问题， 或“比尔和丽莎的母亲是谁？” 我们可以教计算机使用逻辑编程来回答这些问题。

Example in Prolog:

Prolog中的示例：

/*We're defining family tree facts*/
father(John, Bill).
father(John, Lisa).
mother(Mary, Bill).
mother(Mary, Lisa)./*We'll ask questions to Prolog*/
?- mother(X, Bill).
X = Mary

Example explained:

示例说明：

father(John, Bill).

The above code defines that John is Bill's father.

上面的代码定义约翰是比尔的父亲。

We're asking Prolog what value of X makes this statement true? X should be Mary to make the statement true. It'll respond X = Mary

我们在问Prolog X的什么值使这个说法正确？ X应该是Mary，以使陈述正确。 会回应X = Mary

?- mother(X, Bill).
X = Mary

Languages that support the logic programming paradigm:

支持逻辑编程范例的语言：

• Prolog序言
• Absys阿布斯
• ALF (algebraic logic functional programming language)ALF(代数逻辑功能编程语言)
• Alice爱丽丝
• Ciao再见

在以下情况下，逻辑编程范例通常是最佳用法： (Logic programming paradigm is often the best use when:)

• If you're planning to work on projects like theorem proving, expert systems, term rewriting, type systems and automated planning.如果您打算从事定理证明，专家系统，术语重写，类型系统和自动计划等项目。

为什么要考虑学习逻辑编程范例？ (Why should you consider learning the logic programming paradigm?)

• Easy to implement the code.易于实现的代码。
• Debugging is easy.调试很容易。
• Since it's structured using true/false statements, we can develop the programs quickly using logic programming.由于它是使用true / false语句构成的，因此我们可以使用逻辑编程来快速开发程序。
• As it's based on thinking, expression and implementation, it can be applied in non-computational programs too.由于它基于思想，表达和实现，因此也可以应用于非计算程序。
• It supports special forms of knowledge such as meta-level or higher-order knowledge as it can be altered.它支持特殊形式的知识，例如可以更改的元级别或更高级别的知识。

2.2函数式编程范例 (2.2 Functional programming paradigm)

The functional programming paradigm has been in the limelight for a while now because of JavaScript, a functional programming language that has gained more popularity recently.

由于JavaScript(一种近来越来越流行的功能编程语言)，功能性编程范式已经引起人们的关注。

The functional programming paradigm has its roots in mathematics and it is language independent. The key principle of this paradigm is the execution of a series of mathematical functions.

函数式编程范式源于数学，并且与语言无关。 该范例的关键原理是执行一系列数学函数。

You compose your program of short functions. All code is within a function. All variables are scoped to the function.

您编写简短函数程序。 所有代码都在函数内。 所有变量都作用于该函数。

In the functional programming paradigm, the functions do not modify any values outside the scope of that function and the functions themselves are not affected by any values outside their scope.

在函数编程范例中，函数不会修改该函数范围之外的任何值，并且函数本身不受其范围之外的任何值的影响。

To illustrate, let's identify whether the given number is prime or not in the functional programming paradigm.

为了说明这一点，让我们确定给定的数字在函数式编程范例中是否为质数。

Example in JavaScript:

JavaScript中的示例：

function isPrime(number){for(let i=2; i<=Math.floor(Math.sqrt(number)); i++){if(number % i == 0 ){return false;}}return true;
}
isPrime(15); //returns false

In the above example, we've used Math.floor() and Math.sqrt() mathematical functions to solve our problem efficiently. We can solve this problem without using built-in JavaScript mathematical functions, but to run the code efficiently it is recommended to use built-in JS functions.

在上面的示例中，我们使用Math.floor()和Math.sqrt()数学函数有效地解决了我们的问题。 我们可以在不使用内置JavaScript数学函数的情况下解决此问题，但是为了有效地运行代码，建议使用内置JS函数。

number is scoped to the function isPrime() and it will not be affected by any values outside its scope. isPrime() function always produces the same output when given the same input.

number的作用域为isPrime()并且不受其作用域之外的任何值的影响。 当给定相同的输入时， isPrime()函数始终会产生相同的输出。

NOTE: there are no for and while loops in functional programming. Instead, functional programming languages rely on recursion for iteration (Bhadwal, 2019).

注意：函数式编程中没有for和while循环。 相反，函数式编程语言依靠递归进行迭代 (Bhadwal，2019)。

Languages that support functional programming paradigm:

支持函数式编程范例的语言：

• Haskell哈斯克尔
• OCamlOCaml
• ScalaScala
• ClojureClojure
• Racket球拍
• JavaScriptJavaScript

在以下情况下，通常最好使用函数式编程范例： (Functional programming paradigm is often best used when:)

• Working with mathematical computations.使用数学计算。
• Working with applications aimed at concurrency or parallelism.使用针对并发或并行的应用程序。

您为什么要考虑学习函数式编程范例？ (Why should you consider learning the functional programming paradigm?)

• Functions can be coded quickly and easily.可以快速轻松地对功能进行编码。
• General-purpose functions can be reusable which leads to rapid software development.通用功能可以重用，从而可以快速进行软件开发。
• Unit testing is easier.单元测试更容易。
• Debugging is easier.调试更容易。
• Overall application is less complex since functions are pretty straightforward.由于功能非常简单，因此整个应用程序不太复杂。

2.3数据库处理方式 (2.3 Database processing approach)

This programming methodology is based on data and its movement. Program statements are defined by data rather than hard-coding a series of steps.

这种编程方法基于数​​据及其移动。 程序语句由数据定义，而不是对一系列步骤进行硬编码。

A database is an organized collection of structured information, or data, typically stored electronically in a computer system. A database is usually controlled by a database management system (DBMS) ("What is a Database", Oracle, 2019).

数据库是通常以电子方式存储在计算机系统中的结构化信息或数据的有组织的集合。 数据库通常由数据库管理系统(DBMS)控制(“什么是数据库”，Oracle，2019年)。

To process the data and querying them, databases use tables. Data can then be easily accessed, managed, modified, updated, controlled and organized.

为了处理数据并查询它们，数据库使用表 。 然后可以轻松地访问，管理，修改，更新，控制和组织数据。

A good database processing approach is crucial to any company or organization. This is because the database stores all the pertinent details about the company such as employee records, transaction records and salary details.

良好的数据库处理方法对任何公司或组织都至关重要。 这是因为数据库存储了有关公司的所有相关详细信息，例如员工记录，交易记录和薪水详细信息。

Most databases use Structured Query Language (SQL) for writing and querying data.

大多数数据库使用结构化查询语言(SQL)来编写和查询数据。

Here’s an example in database processing approach (SQL):

这是数据库处理方法(SQL)的示例：

CREATE DATABASE personalDetails;
CREATE TABLE Persons (PersonID int,LastName varchar(255),FirstName varchar(255),Address varchar(255),City varchar(255)
);

The PersonID column is of type int and will hold an integer. The LastName, FirstName, Address, and City columns are of type varchar and will hold characters, and the maximum length for these fields is 255 characters.

PersonID列的类型为int，将容纳一个整数。 LastName ， FirstName ， Address和City列的类型为varchar，将容纳字符，这些字段的最大长度为255个字符。

The empty Persons table will now look like this:

空的Persons表现在将如下所示：

在以下情况下，通常最好使用数据库处理方法： (Database processing approach is often best used when:)

• Working with databases to structure them.使用数据库来构造它们。
• Accessing, modifying, updating data on the database.访问，修改，更新数据库上的数据。
• Communicating with servers.与服务器通信。

为什么数据库很重要，为什么要考虑学习数据库处理方法？ (Why are databases important and why should you consider learning database processing approach?)

• Massive amount of data is handled by the database: Unlike spreadsheet or other tools, databases are used to store large amount of data daily.数据库处理大量数据：与电子表格或其他工具不同，数据库每天用于存储大量数据。
• Accurate: With the help of built-in functionalities in a database, we can easily validate. 准确：借助数据库中的内置功能，我们可以轻松进行验证。
• Easy to update data: Data Manipulation Languages (DML) such as SQL are used to update data in a database easily.易于更新数据：SQL等数据操作语言(DML)用于轻松更新数据库中的数据。
• Data integrity: With the help of built-in validity checks, we can ensure the consistency of data.数据完整性：借助内置的有效性检查，我们可以确保数据的一致性。

结论 (Conclusion)

Programming paradigms reduce the complexity of programs. Every programmer must follow a paradigm approach when implementing their code. Each one has its advantages and disadvantages.

编程范例降低了程序的复杂性。 每个程序员在实现其代码时都必须遵循一种范式方法。 每个人都有其优点和缺点。

If you're a beginner, I would like to suggest learning object-oriented programming and functional programming first. Understand their concepts and try to apply them in your projects.

如果您是初学者，我建议您先学习面向对象的编程和函数式编程。 了解它们的概念，并尝试将其应用到您的项目中。

For example, if you're learning object-oriented programming, the pillars of object-oriented programming are Encapsulation, Abstraction, Inheritance and Polymorphism. Learn them by doing it. It will help you to understand their concepts on a deeper level, and your code will be less complex and more efficient and effective.

例如，如果您正在学习面向对象的编程，那么面向对象编程的Struts就是封装，抽象，继承和多态。 通过这样做学习他们。 这将帮助您更深入地了解它们的概念，并且您的代码将变得更简单，更高效。

I strongly encourage you to read more related articles on programming paradigms. I hope this article helped you.

我强烈建议您有关编程范例的文章。 希望本文对您有所帮助。

Please feel free to let me know if you have any questions.

如有任何疑问，请随时告诉我。

You can contact and connect with me on Twitter @ThanoshanMV.

您可以通过Twitter @ThanoshanMV与我联系并与我联系。

Thank you for reading.

感谢您的阅读。

Happy Coding!

编码愉快！

参考文献 (References)

• Akhil Bhadwal. (2019). Functional Programming: Concepts, Advantages, Disadvantages, and Applications

  阿基尔·巴德瓦尔(Akhil Bhadwal)。 (2019)。 函数式编程：概念，优点，缺点和应用

• Alena Holligan. (2016). When to use OOP over procedural coding

  Alena Holligan。 (2016)。 何时在程序编码上使用OOP

• The Saylor Foundation. (n.d.). Advantages and Disadvantages of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

  赛勒基金会。 (nd)。 面向对象编程(OOP)的优缺点

• What is a Database | Oracle. (2019).

  什么是数据库| Oracle (2019)。

翻译自: https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/what-exactly-is-a-programming-paradigm/

matlab编程范例