如果把数据库从11g 升级到12c，或者在12c中创建的，就是NON CDB，那么这样的数据库就是普通的单实例，

和12c 之前的数据库没有区别，但12c 的特点就是CDB 管理，所以既然上12c，还是要切换成CDB 进行管理。

ORCLE 12.1 Creation of a PDB from a Non-CDB

You can move a non-CDB into a PDB.

You can accomplish this task in the following ways:

Executing

DBMS_PDB.DESCRIBE

on a non-CDB in Oracle Database 12

c

You place a non-CDB in a transactionally consistent state, and then run the

DBMS_PDB.DESCRIBE

function to generate XML metadata about this database. While connected to the root in the CDB, you execute the

CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE

statement to create a PDB from the existing non-CDB. Finally, to convert the definitions in the PDB data dictionary to references to objects in

CDB$ROOT

, log in to the PDB and run the

noncdb_to_pdb.sql

script.

See

Oracle Database Administrator’s Guide

to learn how to perform this technique.

Using Oracle Data Pump with or without transportable tablespaces

You can define a data set on a non-CDB using Oracle Data Pump. This non-CDB can be in the current or a previous Oracle Database release, for example, Oracle Database 10

g

. You create an empty PDB in an existing CDB, and then use Oracle Data Pump to import the data set into the PDB.

A Full Transportable Export using Oracle Data Pump exports all objects and data necessary to create a complete copy of the database. Oracle Data Pump exports objects using direct path unload and external tables, and then imports objects using

direct path INSERT

and external tables. The Full Transportable dump file contains all objects in the database, not only table-related objects. Full Transportable Export is available starting in Oracle Database 11

g

Release 2 (11.2.0.3) for import into Oracle Database 12

c

.

See

Oracle Database Administrator’s Guide

to learn how to perform this technique.

Using Oracle GoldenGate replication

You replicate the data from the non-CDB to a PDB. When the PDB becomes current with the non-CDB, you switch over to the PDB.

See

Oracle Database Administrator’s Guide

to learn how to perform this technique.

ORACLE 12.2 Creation of a PDB by Cloning a PDB or a Non-CDB

To clone a PDB or non-CDB, use the

CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE

statement with the

FROM

clause.

In this technique, the source is either a non-CDB, or a PDB in a local or remote CDB. The target is the PDB copied from the source. The cloning operation copies the files associated with the source to a new location, and then assigns a new GUID to create the PDB.

This technique is useful for quickly creating PDBs for testing and development. For example, you might test a new or modified application on a cloned PDB before deploying the application in a production PDB.

If a PDB is in

, then the source PDB can be open in read/write mode during the operation, referred to as

.

Note:

If you clone a PDB from a remote CDB, then you must use a

database link

.

多租户架构文档的路线图

Category

Topic

Documentation

Concepts

Overview of CDBs and PDBs

Chapters in

Oracle Database Concepts

, and

Oracle Database Administrator’s Guide

Administration

Creating and configuring a CDB

Administration

Creating and configuring PDBs

Administration

Creating and removing application containers

Administration

Administering application containers

Monitoring

Viewing information about CDBs and PDBs

Backup and Recovery

Performing backup and recovery in a CDB

Security

Managing common users, roles, and privileges in a CDB

Miscellaneous

All other tasks relating to managing a CDB or PDB, including Oracle RAC, resource management, data transfer, and so on

Oracle Database Administrator’s Guide

is the primary task-oriented intermediate and advanced documentation for managing CDBs. This guide also contains See Also links to books that cover different CDB topics. For example,

Oracle Database Utilities

explains concepts and tasks specific to PDBs when using Oracle Data Pump.