75-CentOS-Docker构建nginx镜像
2024-06-09 01:28:53
准备一台CentOS7-1908虚拟机虚拟机中没有docker下载源
[root@C7-Docker ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
[root@C7-Docker ~]# yum install docker-ce
国内下载国外的镜像有时候会很慢，因此可以更改 docker 配置文件添加一个加 速器，可以通过加速器达到加速下载镜像的目的
浏览器打开 http://cr.console.aliyun.com 注册或登录阿里云账号，点击左侧的 镜像加速器，将会得到一个专属的加速地址
1
推荐使用 nsenter 命令进入容器，该命令需要通过容器的 PID 进入到容器内部，比较麻烦。
不过可以使用docker inspect 命令获取到容器的 PID。
安装 nsenter 工具，包名（不区分CentOS/Ubuntu）：util-linux
[root@C7-Docker ~]# yum install -y util-linux
[root@C7-Docker ~]# systemctl start docker镜像的构建与使用
基于Dockerfile构建编译版nginx镜像
[root@C7-Docker ~]# docker pull centos:7.7.1908
[root@C7-Docker ~]# mkdir -p /opt/dockerfile/nginx
[root@C7-Docker ~]# vim /opt/dockerfile/nginx/Dockerfile
# Docekr image for compile installation of nginx
#
FROM centos:7.7.1908LABEL maintainer="dushan <19855325412@163.com>"ENV password 123456RUN rpm -ivh http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpmRUN yum install -y vim wget tree lrzsz gcc gcc-c++ automake pcre pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel iproute net-tools iotopADD nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz /usr/local/srcRUN cd /usr/local/src/nginx-1.16.1 && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_sub_module && make -j 4 && make installRUN cd /usr/local/nginxADD nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.confRUN useradd nginx -s /sbin/nologinRUN ln -sv /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/nginxRUN echo "Hello dockerfile ..." > /usr/local/nginx/html/index.htmlEXPOSE 80 443CMD ["nginx","-g","daemon off;"]
[root@C7-Docker ~]# yum -y install nginx &> /dev/null
[root@C7-Docker ~]# cp /etc/nginx/nginx.conf /opt/dockerfile/nginx/
[root@C7-Docker ~]# ll /opt/dockerfile/nginx/
total 1020
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 811 Jun 11 17:39 Dockerfile
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1032630 Jun 11 17:41 nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2471 Jun 11 17:43 nginx.conf[root@C7-Docker ~]# cd /opt/dockerfile/nginx/
[root@C7-Docker nginx]# docker build -t nginx:compiled_V1 .
[root@C7-Docker nginx]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx compiled_V1 d1966b9ed396 2 minutes ago 535MB
centos 7.7.1908 08d05d1d5859 7 months ago 204MB
使用ARG声明变量，在构建时指定变量值
[root@C7-Docker nginx]# vim Dockerfile
# Docekr image for compile installation of nginx
#
#FROM centos:7.7.1908ARG base_versionFROM ${base_version}LABEL maintainer="dushan <19855325412@163.com>"
……..
[root@C7-Docker nginx]# docker build --build-arg base_version=centos:7.5.1804 -t nginx-test:vv1 .
…………………………………#过程省略
Step 15/15 : CMD ["nginx","-g","daemon off;"]---> Running in 4ec9b916d013
Removing intermediate container 4ec9b916d013---> 8300c44e6b2f
Successfully built 8300c44e6b2f
Successfully tagged nginx-test:vv1[root@C7-Docker nginx]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx-test vv1 8300c44e6b2f 50 seconds ago 533MB
nginx compiled_V1 d1966b9ed396 16 hours ago 535MB
centos 7.7.1908 08d05d1d5859 7 months ago 204MB
centos 7.5.1804 cf49811e3cdb 15 months ago 200MB[root@C7-Docker nginx]# docker run -it --rm nginx:compiled_V1 /bin/bash
[root@c9ffac32c366 /]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
…….
172.17.0.2 c9ffac32c366[root@c9ffac32c366 /]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx: [emerg] open() "/etc/nginx/mime.types" failed (2: No such file or directory) in /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:30#报错？根据报错去conf目录下看一下
[root@c9ffac32c366 /]# find /usr/local/nginx -name "mime.types"
/usr/local/nginx/conf/mime.types
[root@c9ffac32c366 /]# find /usr/local/nginx -name "nginx.conf"
/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
[root@c9ffac32c366 /]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# include /etc/nginx/mime.types;include /usr/local/nginx/conf/mime.types;[root@c9ffac32c366 /]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx: [emerg] open() "/var/log/nginx/error.log" failed (2: No such file or directory)[root@c9ffac32c366 /]# find /usr/local/nginx -name "*.log"
/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log[root@c9ffac32c366 /]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
#error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log;[root@c9ffac32c366 /]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx: [emerg] open() "/var/log/nginx/access.log" failed (2: No such file or directory)[root@c9ffac32c366 /]# cd /usr/local/nginx/logs/
[root@c9ffac32c366 logs]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 709 Jun 12 02:05 error.log
[root@c9ffac32c366 logs]# > access.log
[root@c9ffac32c366 logs]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Jun 12 02:07 access.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 709 Jun 12 02:05 error.log[root@c9ffac32c366 logs]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log main;[root@c9ffac32c366 logs]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
[root@c9ffac32c366 logs]# ss -ntul
Netid State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
tcp LISTEN 0 128 [::]:80 [::]:* #哈哈，终于80端口起来了
[root@c9ffac32c366 logs]# yum -y install lsof
[root@c9ffac32c366 logs]# lsof -i:80
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
nginx 57 root 6u IPv4 133472 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
nginx 57 root 7u IPv6 133473 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
[root@c9ffac32c366 logs]# exit
exit
后台启动容器
[root@C7-Docker nginx]# docker run -it -d -p 80:80 nginx:compiled_V1
1b1d886821967f4b4358b60e2a065e40b85a84acb85836b9ba2d8a191dc6229f
[root@C7-Docker nginx]# ss -ntul|grep 80
#这里显示80端口并没有被启动？#使用命令查找启动失败的容器；我在这里排错了很久没有找到原因，尝试启动了很多次
[root@C7-Docker nginx]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
dff1f4c0665b nginx-test:vv1 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 2 seconds ago Exited (1) 2 seconds ago upbeat_poitras
075fb2fe0188 nginx-test:vv1 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" About a minute ago Exited (1) About a minute ago loving_heyrovsky
1505d9858fc4 nginx-test:vv1 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 6 minutes ago Exited (1) 6 minutes ago zealous_boyd
ba70a63749c5 nginx:compiled_V1 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 7 minutes ago Exited (1) 7 minutes ago mystifying_hugle
f744dd7fb93b nginx:compiled_V1 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 15 minutes ago Exited (1) 15 minutes ago pedantic_bassi
50d0c1c96ab0 nginx:compiled_V1 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 24 minutes ago Exited (1) 24 minutes ago charming_archimedes
1b1d88682196 nginx:compiled_V1 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 33 minutes ago Exited (1) 33 minutes ago jovial_shockley
0d79a3f2fec8 912026d6ad83 "/bin/sh -c 'yum ins…" About an hour ago Exited (1) About an hour ago zealous_buck#查看其中一个容器启动失败的具体原因是什么，这与我在之前在进入容器启动nginx时出现的问题有些类似
#使我有些怀疑：是否是容器中nginx的配置文件出现问题导致了nginx无法正常启动？
[root@C7-Docker nginx]# docker logs ba70a63749c
nginx: [emerg] open() "/etc/nginx/mime.types" failed (2: No such file or directory) in /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:30#通过查询得知：docker的容器目录一般在/var/lib/docker/overlay/ 中
解决问题参看
[root@C7-Docker nginx]# cd /var/lib/docker/overlay2/
[root@C7-Docker overlay2]# ll
total 4
drwx------ 4 root root 72 Jun 12 09:48 0be9006fd3085bb7a21ce1490c7a8061b914828c68971ab044a95d229a82e760
drwx------ 4 root root 72 Jun 12 09:48 1362f0a05b2feb7d8c11c59a82bee03cf77510085354dbed7f6ba7bb78fa8f38
…………………………
drwx------ 3 root root 47 Jun 12 09:43 efb6134c3c4119f7fcb59e538ebd50eabbfc590d296841ed942fe42ac7a2920a
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Jun 12 11:01 l[root@C7-Docker overlay2]# find . -name "nginx.conf"
./73fdb26b73a78b912d142bb821035fa814b5bd33cbb530001ffce5002e04acb5/diff/usr/local/src/nginx-1.16.1/conf/nginx.conf
./1d105db2982f007c2c265eef199522c91ca0dd51deeff6818b9705e366ed37e7/diff/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
./7827a97d4d137ecff861547cbd67509d36e3fc1fe40b8bc49a0a46111228fef6/diff/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
./77b3451211ea9f21ae8b46db50d65fb482a89ad972bc7bd6213f81320c018db6/diff/usr/local/src/nginx-1.16.1/conf/nginx.conf
./1362f0a05b2feb7d8c11c59a82bee03cf77510085354dbed7f6ba7bb78fa8f38/diff/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
./b9b574c7e7cc6e670a113bcd15ae98df5e4c1f976ddccb0d3c2e98d820d0c995/diff/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf#还好创建的容器不多，通过排查。我找到了之前容器中的nginx.conf 文件并进行了修改
[root@C7-Docker overlay2]# vim ./7827a97d4d137ecff861547cbd67509d36e3fc1fe40b8bc49a0a46111228fef6/diff/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log;# access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log main;# include /etc/nginx/mime.types;include /usr/local/nginx/conf/mime.types;# root /usr/share/nginx/html;root /usr/local/nginx/html;
…………………..
[root@C7-Docker overlay2]# docker run -it -d -p 80:80 nginx:compiled_V1
99e8204f6e5b4e3da8b4426087e8bbb9bf4ab34f2cb6e874ef7f9a811267f437
[root@C7-Docker overlay2]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
99e8204f6e5b nginx:compiled_V1 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, 443/tcp festive_wilson#nginx成功在后台启动
[root@C7-Docker local]# ip a|cat -n|grep "\b9"|awk -F" |/" '{print $11}'
10.20.0.130[root@C7-Docker local]# docker exec -it 98fab51e8f2b bash
[root@99e8204f6e5b /]# cat /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html
Hello dockerfile ...
[root@99e8204f6e5b /]#
2
手动构建编译nginx镜像
[root@C7-Docker ~]# docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
8a29a15cefae: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:fe8d824220415eed5477b63addf40fb06c3b049404242b31982106ac204f6700
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
docker.io/library/centos:latest[root@C7-Docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx-test vv1 8300c44e6b2f 24 hours ago 533MB
nginx compiled_V1 d1966b9ed396 40 hours ago 535MB
centos latest 470671670cac 4 months ago 237MB
…………………[root@C7-Docker ~]# docker run -it 470671670cac /bin/bash
[root@e2490d57e736 /]# yum install -y vim gcc gcc-c++ automake lrzsz pcre pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel iproute net-tools iotop wget make[root@e2490d57e736 /]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz[root@e2490d57e736 /]# ls |grep nginx
nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz
[root@e2490d57e736 /]# tar xf nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz
[root@e2490d57e736 /]# cd nginx-1.16.1[root@e2490d57e736 nginx-1.16.1]# ./configure --prefix=/apps/nginx --with-http_sub_module[root@e2490d57e736 nginx-1.16.1]# make && make install[root@e2490d57e736 nginx-1.16.1]# vim /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
daemon off;
#添加该行[root@e2490d57e736 nginx-1.16.1]# ln -sv /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/nginx
'/usr/sbin/nginx' -> '/apps/nginx/sbin/nginx'[root@e2490d57e736 nginx-1.16.1]# > /apps/nginx/html/index.html
[root@e2490d57e736 nginx-1.16.1]# vim /apps/nginx/html/index.html <DOCTYPE html />
<head><h1>You can see Docker...</h1>
</head>
<body><p>A test message...</p>
</body>[root@e2490d57e736 nginx-1.16.1]# useradd -u 2020 nginx -s /sbin/nologin
[root@e2490d57e736 nginx-1.16.1]# chown nginx:nginx /apps/nginx/ -R
[root@e2490d57e736 nginx-1.16.1]# ls -l /apps/nginx/ -d
drwxr-xr-x 6 nginx nginx 54 Jun 13 02:28 /apps/nginx/[root@C7-Docker ~]# docker commit -a "dushan <19855325412@163.com>" -m "a test image" e2490d57e736 nginx:manual-compile-v3
sha256:76bafaa33c24f793bdf03f66c7fe89957811fdc0db61103c8f6880f0d022587a
[root@C7-Docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx manual-compile-v3 76bafaa33c24 14 seconds ago 573MB
nginx-test vv1 8300c44e6b2f 25 hours ago 533MB
………………..[root@C7-Docker ~]# docker run -it -d -p 84:80 nginx:manual-compile-v3 nginx
0d2e2a055ba399b00f0c7b32861aa30f0ec057f11f05a3b3f9dc53bb3689d939
[root@C7-Docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
0d2e2a055ba3 nginx:manual-compile-v3 "nginx" 21 seconds ago Up 20 seconds 0.0.0.0:87->80/tcp clever_ellis
[root@C7-Docker ~]#
值得让我怀疑的是，在映射端口的时候，我无论如何都无法使用主机87端口来映射docker的nginx容器端口
虽然结果显示容器的确被成功启动了，并且日志也差找不到任何报错，但网页却始终无法正常访问
于是我又尝试映射主机的其他端口，也发现其他个别端口无法正常访问，我怀疑这有可能是系统内部占用了其中这些端口
而使用>1000 的端口号却不会出现问题
果然还是自己所知尚浅，需要多多学习。留给以后再深入研究了
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