Gorm之gorm.io/gorm源码

注：本文是基于Windos系统上 gorm.io/gorm@v1.23.4进行讲解

1.gorm.Open函数

// Open initialize db session based on dialector
//返回：gorm.DB结构体
func Open(dialector Dialector, opts ...Option) (db *DB, err error) {config := &Config{}sort.Slice(opts, func(i, j int) bool {_, isConfig := opts[i].(*Config)_, isConfig2 := opts[j].(*Config)return isConfig && !isConfig2})for _, opt := range opts {if opt != nil {if applyErr := opt.Apply(config); applyErr != nil {return nil, applyErr}defer func(opt Option) {if errr := opt.AfterInitialize(db); errr != nil {err = errr}}(opt)}}if d, ok := dialector.(interface{ Apply(*Config) error }); ok {if err = d.Apply(config); err != nil {return}}if config.NamingStrategy == nil {config.NamingStrategy = schema.NamingStrategy{}}if config.Logger == nil {config.Logger = logger.Default}if config.NowFunc == nil {config.NowFunc = func() time.Time { return time.Now().Local() }}if dialector != nil {config.Dialector = dialector}if config.Plugins == nil {config.Plugins = map[string]Plugin{}}if config.cacheStore == nil {config.cacheStore = &sync.Map{}}db = &DB{Config: config, clone: 1}db.callbacks = initializeCallbacks(db)if config.ClauseBuilders == nil {config.ClauseBuilders = map[string]clause.ClauseBuilder{}}if config.Dialector != nil {err = config.Dialector.Initialize(db)}preparedStmt := &PreparedStmtDB{ConnPool:    db.ConnPool,Stmts:       map[string]Stmt{},Mux:         &sync.RWMutex{},PreparedSQL: make([]string, 0, 100),}db.cacheStore.Store(preparedStmtDBKey, preparedStmt)if config.PrepareStmt {db.ConnPool = preparedStmt}db.Statement = &Statement{DB:       db,ConnPool: db.ConnPool,Context:  context.Background(),Clauses:  map[string]clause.Clause{},}if err == nil && !config.DisableAutomaticPing {if pinger, ok := db.ConnPool.(interface{ Ping() error }); ok {err = pinger.Ping()}}if err != nil {config.Logger.Error(context.Background(), "failed to initialize database, got error %v", err)}return
}

2.gorm.Dialector接口

// Dialector GORM database dialector
type Dialector interface {Name() stringInitialize(*DB) errorMigrator(db *DB) MigratorDataTypeOf(*schema.Field) stringDefaultValueOf(*schema.Field) clause.ExpressionBindVarTo(writer clause.Writer, stmt *Statement, v interface{})QuoteTo(clause.Writer, string)Explain(sql string, vars ...interface{}) string
}

3.gorm.Config结构体

// Config GORM config
type Config struct {// GORM perform single create, update, delete operations in transactions by default to ensure database data integrity// You can disable it by setting `SkipDefaultTransaction` to trueSkipDefaultTransaction bool// NamingStrategy tables, columns naming strategyNamingStrategy schema.Namer// FullSaveAssociations full save associationsFullSaveAssociations bool// LoggerLogger logger.Interface// NowFunc the function to be used when creating a new timestampNowFunc func() time.Time// DryRun generate sql without executeDryRun bool// PrepareStmt executes the given query in cached statementPrepareStmt bool// DisableAutomaticPingDisableAutomaticPing bool// DisableForeignKeyConstraintWhenMigratingDisableForeignKeyConstraintWhenMigrating bool// DisableNestedTransaction disable nested transactionDisableNestedTransaction bool// AllowGlobalUpdate allow global updateAllowGlobalUpdate bool// QueryFields executes the SQL query with all fields of the tableQueryFields bool// CreateBatchSize default create batch sizeCreateBatchSize int// ClauseBuilders clause builderClauseBuilders map[string]clause.ClauseBuilder// ConnPool db conn poolConnPool ConnPool// Dialector database dialectorDialector// Plugins registered pluginsPlugins map[string]Plugincallbacks  *callbackscacheStore *sync.Map
}

4.gorm.DB结构体

4.1gorm.DB结构体

// DB GORM DB definition
type DB struct {*Config      //gorm.Config结构体Error        errorRowsAffected int64Statement    *Statementclone        int
}

4.2AutoMigrate方法

// AutoMigrate run auto migration for given models
func (db *DB) AutoMigrate(dst ...interface{}) error {return db.Migrator().AutoMigrate(dst...)
}

4.3Migrator方法

// Migrator returns migrator
func (db *DB) Migrator() Migrator {tx := db.getInstance()// apply scopes to migratorfor len(tx.Statement.scopes) > 0 {scopes := tx.Statement.scopestx.Statement.scopes = nilfor _, scope := range scopes {tx = scope(tx)}}return tx.Dialector.Migrator(tx.Session(&Session{}))
}

4.4Create方法

// Create insert the value into database
func (db *DB) Create(value interface{}) (tx *DB) {if db.CreateBatchSize > 0 {return db.CreateInBatches(value, db.CreateBatchSize)}tx = db.getInstance()tx.Statement.Dest = valuereturn tx.callbacks.Create().Execute(tx)
}

4.5CreateInBatches方法

// CreateInBatches insert the value in batches into database
func (db *DB) CreateInBatches(value interface{}, batchSize int) (tx *DB) {reflectValue := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(value))switch reflectValue.Kind() {case reflect.Slice, reflect.Array:var rowsAffected int64tx = db.getInstance()callFc := func(tx *DB) error {// the reflection length judgment of the optimized valuereflectLen := reflectValue.Len()for i := 0; i < reflectLen; i += batchSize {ends := i + batchSizeif ends > reflectLen {ends = reflectLen}subtx := tx.getInstance()subtx.Statement.Dest = reflectValue.Slice(i, ends).Interface()subtx.callbacks.Create().Execute(subtx)if subtx.Error != nil {return subtx.Error}rowsAffected += subtx.RowsAffected}return nil}if tx.SkipDefaultTransaction {tx.AddError(callFc(tx.Session(&Session{})))} else {tx.AddError(tx.Transaction(callFc))}tx.RowsAffected = rowsAffecteddefault:tx = db.getInstance()tx.Statement.Dest = valuetx = tx.callbacks.Create().Execute(tx)}return
}

4.6Save方法

// Save update value in database, if the value doesn't have primary key, will insert it
func (db *DB) Save(value interface{}) (tx *DB) {tx = db.getInstance()tx.Statement.Dest = valuereflectValue := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(value))switch reflectValue.Kind() {case reflect.Slice, reflect.Array:if _, ok := tx.Statement.Clauses["ON CONFLICT"]; !ok {tx = tx.Clauses(clause.OnConflict{UpdateAll: true})}tx = tx.callbacks.Create().Execute(tx.Set("gorm:update_track_time", true))case reflect.Struct:if err := tx.Statement.Parse(value); err == nil && tx.Statement.Schema != nil {for _, pf := range tx.Statement.Schema.PrimaryFields {if _, isZero := pf.ValueOf(tx.Statement.Context, reflectValue); isZero {return tx.callbacks.Create().Execute(tx)}}}fallthroughdefault:selectedUpdate := len(tx.Statement.Selects) != 0// when updating, use all fields including those zero-value fieldsif !selectedUpdate {tx.Statement.Selects = append(tx.Statement.Selects, "*")}tx = tx.callbacks.Update().Execute(tx)if tx.Error == nil && tx.RowsAffected == 0 && !tx.DryRun && !selectedUpdate {result := reflect.New(tx.Statement.Schema.ModelType).Interface()if err := tx.Session(&Session{}).Take(result).Error; errors.Is(err, ErrRecordNotFound) {return tx.Create(value)}}}return
}

4.7First方法

// First find first record that match given conditions, order by primary key
func (db *DB) First(dest interface{}, conds ...interface{}) (tx *DB) {tx = db.Limit(1).Order(clause.OrderByColumn{Column: clause.Column{Table: clause.CurrentTable, Name: clause.PrimaryKey},})if len(conds) > 0 {if exprs := tx.Statement.BuildCondition(conds[0], conds[1:]...); len(exprs) > 0 {tx.Statement.AddClause(clause.Where{Exprs: exprs})}}tx.Statement.RaiseErrorOnNotFound = truetx.Statement.Dest = destreturn tx.callbacks.Query().Execute(tx)
}

4.8Take方法

// Take return a record that match given conditions, the order will depend on the database implementation
func (db *DB) Take(dest interface{}, conds ...interface{}) (tx *DB) {tx = db.Limit(1)if len(conds) > 0 {if exprs := tx.Statement.BuildCondition(conds[0], conds[1:]...); len(exprs) > 0 {tx.Statement.AddClause(clause.Where{Exprs: exprs})}}tx.Statement.RaiseErrorOnNotFound = truetx.Statement.Dest = destreturn tx.callbacks.Query().Execute(tx)
}

4.9Last方法

// Last find last record that match given conditions, order by primary key
func (db *DB) Last(dest interface{}, conds ...interface{}) (tx *DB) {tx = db.Limit(1).Order(clause.OrderByColumn{Column: clause.Column{Table: clause.CurrentTable, Name: clause.PrimaryKey},Desc:   true,})if len(conds) > 0 {if exprs := tx.Statement.BuildCondition(conds[0], conds[1:]...); len(exprs) > 0 {tx.Statement.AddClause(clause.Where{Exprs: exprs})}}tx.Statement.RaiseErrorOnNotFound = truetx.Statement.Dest = destreturn tx.callbacks.Query().Execute(tx)
}

4.10Find方法

// Find find records that match given conditions
func (db *DB) Find(dest interface{}, conds ...interface{}) (tx *DB) {tx = db.getInstance()if len(conds) > 0 {if exprs := tx.Statement.BuildCondition(conds[0], conds[1:]...); len(exprs) > 0 {tx.Statement.AddClause(clause.Where{Exprs: exprs})}}tx.Statement.Dest = destreturn tx.callbacks.Query().Execute(tx)
}

4.11FindInBatches方法

// FindInBatches find records in batches
func (db *DB) FindInBatches(dest interface{}, batchSize int, fc func(tx *DB, batch int) error) *DB {var (tx = db.Order(clause.OrderByColumn{Column: clause.Column{Table: clause.CurrentTable, Name: clause.PrimaryKey},}).Session(&Session{})queryDB      = txrowsAffected int64batch        int)for {result := queryDB.Limit(batchSize).Find(dest)rowsAffected += result.RowsAffectedbatch++if result.Error == nil && result.RowsAffected != 0 {tx.AddError(fc(result, batch))} else if result.Error != nil {tx.AddError(result.Error)}if tx.Error != nil || int(result.RowsAffected) < batchSize {break}// Optimize for-breakresultsValue := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(dest))if result.Statement.Schema.PrioritizedPrimaryField == nil {tx.AddError(ErrPrimaryKeyRequired)break}primaryValue, _ := result.Statement.Schema.PrioritizedPrimaryField.ValueOf(tx.Statement.Context, resultsValue.Index(resultsValue.Len()-1))queryDB = tx.Clauses(clause.Gt{Column: clause.Column{Table: clause.CurrentTable, Name: clause.PrimaryKey}, Value: primaryValue})}tx.RowsAffected = rowsAffectedreturn tx
}

4.12assignInterfacesToValue方法

func (db *DB) assignInterfacesToValue(values ...interface{}) {for _, value := range values {switch v := value.(type) {case []clause.Expression:for _, expr := range v {if eq, ok := expr.(clause.Eq); ok {switch column := eq.Column.(type) {case string:if field := db.Statement.Schema.LookUpField(column); field != nil {db.AddError(field.Set(db.Statement.Context, db.Statement.ReflectValue, eq.Value))}case clause.Column:if field := db.Statement.Schema.LookUpField(column.Name); field != nil {db.AddError(field.Set(db.Statement.Context, db.Statement.ReflectValue, eq.Value))}}} else if andCond, ok := expr.(clause.AndConditions); ok {db.assignInterfacesToValue(andCond.Exprs)}}case clause.Expression, map[string]string, map[interface{}]interface{}, map[string]interface{}:if exprs := db.Statement.BuildCondition(value); len(exprs) > 0 {db.assignInterfacesToValue(exprs)}default:if s, err := schema.Parse(value, db.cacheStore, db.NamingStrategy); err == nil {reflectValue := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(value))switch reflectValue.Kind() {case reflect.Struct:for _, f := range s.Fields {if f.Readable {if v, isZero := f.ValueOf(db.Statement.Context, reflectValue); !isZero {if field := db.Statement.Schema.LookUpField(f.Name); field != nil {db.AddError(field.Set(db.Statement.Context, db.Statement.ReflectValue, v))}}}}}} else if len(values) > 0 {if exprs := db.Statement.BuildCondition(values[0], values[1:]...); len(exprs) > 0 {db.assignInterfacesToValue(exprs)}return}}}
}

4.13FirstOrInit方法

// FirstOrInit gets the first matched record or initialize a new instance with given conditions (only works with struct or map conditions)
func (db *DB) FirstOrInit(dest interface{}, conds ...interface{}) (tx *DB) {queryTx := db.Limit(1).Order(clause.OrderByColumn{Column: clause.Column{Table: clause.CurrentTable, Name: clause.PrimaryKey},})if tx = queryTx.Find(dest, conds...); queryTx.RowsAffected == 0 {if c, ok := tx.Statement.Clauses["WHERE"]; ok {if where, ok := c.Expression.(clause.Where); ok {tx.assignInterfacesToValue(where.Exprs)}}// initialize with attrs, condsif len(tx.Statement.attrs) > 0 {tx.assignInterfacesToValue(tx.Statement.attrs...)}}// initialize with attrs, condsif len(tx.Statement.assigns) > 0 {tx.assignInterfacesToValue(tx.Statement.assigns...)}return
}

4.14FirstOrCreate方法

// FirstOrCreate gets the first matched record or create a new one with given conditions (only works with struct, map conditions)
func (db *DB) FirstOrCreate(dest interface{}, conds ...interface{}) (tx *DB) {queryTx := db.Limit(1).Order(clause.OrderByColumn{Column: clause.Column{Table: clause.CurrentTable, Name: clause.PrimaryKey},})if tx = queryTx.Find(dest, conds...); tx.Error == nil {if tx.RowsAffected == 0 {if c, ok := tx.Statement.Clauses["WHERE"]; ok {if where, ok := c.Expression.(clause.Where); ok {tx.assignInterfacesToValue(where.Exprs)}}// initialize with attrs, condsif len(tx.Statement.attrs) > 0 {tx.assignInterfacesToValue(tx.Statement.attrs...)}// initialize with attrs, condsif len(tx.Statement.assigns) > 0 {tx.assignInterfacesToValue(tx.Statement.assigns...)}return tx.Create(dest)} else if len(db.Statement.assigns) > 0 {exprs := tx.Statement.BuildCondition(db.Statement.assigns[0], db.Statement.assigns[1:]...)assigns := map[string]interface{}{}for _, expr := range exprs {if eq, ok := expr.(clause.Eq); ok {switch column := eq.Column.(type) {case string:assigns[column] = eq.Valuecase clause.Column:assigns[column.Name] = eq.Valuedefault:}}}return tx.Model(dest).Updates(assigns)}}return tx
}

4.15Update方法

// Update update attributes with callbacks, refer: https://gorm.io/docs/update.html#Update-Changed-Fields
func (db *DB) Update(column string, value interface{}) (tx *DB) {tx = db.getInstance()tx.Statement.Dest = map[string]interface{}{column: value}return tx.callbacks.Update().Execute(tx)
}

4.16Updates方法

// Updates update attributes with callbacks, refer: https://gorm.io/docs/update.html#Update-Changed-Fields
func (db *DB) Updates(values interface{}) (tx *DB) {tx = db.getInstance()tx.Statement.Dest = valuesreturn tx.callbacks.Update().Execute(tx)
}

4.17UpdateColumn方法

func (db *DB) UpdateColumn(column string, value interface{}) (tx *DB) {tx = db.getInstance()tx.Statement.Dest = map[string]interface{}{column: value}tx.Statement.SkipHooks = truereturn tx.callbacks.Update().Execute(tx)
}

4.18UpdateColumns方法

func (db *DB) UpdateColumns(values interface{}) (tx *DB) {tx = db.getInstance()tx.Statement.Dest = valuestx.Statement.SkipHooks = truereturn tx.callbacks.Update().Execute(tx)
}

4.19Delete方法

// Delete delete value match given conditions, if the value has primary key, then will including the primary key as condition
func (db *DB) Delete(value interface{}, conds ...interface{}) (tx *DB) {tx = db.getInstance()if len(conds) > 0 {if exprs := tx.Statement.BuildCondition(conds[0], conds[1:]...); len(exprs) > 0 {tx.Statement.AddClause(clause.Where{Exprs: exprs})}}tx.Statement.Dest = valuereturn tx.callbacks.Delete().Execute(tx)
}

4.20Count方法

func (db *DB) Count(count *int64) (tx *DB) {

4.21Row()方法

func (db *DB) Row() *sql.Row {tx := db.getInstance().Set("rows", false)tx = tx.callbacks.Row().Execute(tx)row, ok := tx.Statement.Dest.(*sql.Row)if !ok && tx.DryRun {db.Logger.Error(tx.Statement.Context, ErrDryRunModeUnsupported.Error())}return row
}

4.22Rows()方法

func (db *DB) Rows() (*sql.Rows, error) {tx := db.getInstance().Set("rows", true)tx = tx.callbacks.Row().Execute(tx)rows, ok := tx.Statement.Dest.(*sql.Rows)if !ok && tx.DryRun && tx.Error == nil {tx.Error = ErrDryRunModeUnsupported}return rows, tx.Error
}

4.23Scan方法

// Scan scan value to a struct
func (db *DB) Scan(dest interface{}) (tx *DB) {config := *db.ConfigcurrentLogger, newLogger := config.Logger, logger.Recorder.New()config.Logger = newLoggertx = db.getInstance()tx.Config = &configif rows, err := tx.Rows(); err == nil {if rows.Next() {tx.ScanRows(rows, dest)} else {tx.RowsAffected = 0}tx.AddError(rows.Close())}currentLogger.Trace(tx.Statement.Context, newLogger.BeginAt, func() (string, int64) {return newLogger.SQL, tx.RowsAffected}, tx.Error)tx.Logger = currentLoggerreturn
}

4.24Pluck方法

// Pluck used to query single column from a model as a map
//     var ages []int64
//     db.Model(&users).Pluck("age", &ages)
func (db *DB) Pluck(column string, dest interface{}) (tx *DB) {tx = db.getInstance()if tx.Statement.Model != nil {if tx.Statement.Parse(tx.Statement.Model) == nil {if f := tx.Statement.Schema.LookUpField(column); f != nil {column = f.DBName}}}if len(tx.Statement.Selects) != 1 {fields := strings.FieldsFunc(column, utils.IsValidDBNameChar)tx.Statement.AddClauseIfNotExists(clause.Select{Distinct: tx.Statement.Distinct,Columns:  []clause.Column{{Name: column, Raw: len(fields) != 1}},})}tx.Statement.Dest = destreturn tx.callbacks.Query().Execute(tx)
}

4.25ScanRows方法

func (db *DB) ScanRows(rows *sql.Rows, dest interface{}) error {tx := db.getInstance()if err := tx.Statement.Parse(dest); !errors.Is(err, schema.ErrUnsupportedDataType) {tx.AddError(err)}tx.Statement.Dest = desttx.Statement.ReflectValue = reflect.ValueOf(dest)for tx.Statement.ReflectValue.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {elem := tx.Statement.ReflectValue.Elem()if !elem.IsValid() {elem = reflect.New(tx.Statement.ReflectValue.Type().Elem())tx.Statement.ReflectValue.Set(elem)}tx.Statement.ReflectValue = elem}Scan(rows, tx, ScanInitialized)return tx.Error
}

4.26Connection方法

// Connection  use a db conn to execute Multiple commands,this conn will put conn pool after it is executed.
func (db *DB) Connection(fc func(tx *DB) error) (err error) {if db.Error != nil {return db.Error}tx := db.getInstance()sqlDB, err := tx.DB()if err != nil {return}conn, err := sqlDB.Conn(tx.Statement.Context)if err != nil {return}defer conn.Close()tx.Statement.ConnPool = connreturn fc(tx)
}

4.27Transaction方法

// Transaction start a transaction as a block, return error will rollback, otherwise to commit.
func (db *DB) Transaction(fc func(tx *DB) error, opts ...*sql.TxOptions) (err error) {}

4.28Begin方法

// Begin begins a transaction
func (db *DB) Begin(opts ...*sql.TxOptions) *DB {}

4.29Commit方法

// Commit commit a transaction
func (db *DB) Commit() *DB {if committer, ok := db.Statement.ConnPool.(TxCommitter); ok && committer != nil && !reflect.ValueOf(committer).IsNil() {db.AddError(committer.Commit())} else {db.AddError(ErrInvalidTransaction)}return db
}

4.30Rollback方法

// Rollback rollback a transaction
func (db *DB) Rollback() *DB {}

4.31SavePoint方法

func (db *DB) SavePoint(name string) *DB {}

4.32RollbackTo方法

func (db *DB) RollbackTo(name string) *DB {}

4.33Exec方法

// Exec execute raw sql
func (db *DB) Exec(sql string, values ...interface{}) (tx *DB) {}

5.gorm.Option接口

// Option gorm option interface
type Option interface {Apply(*Config) errorAfterInitialize(*DB) error
}

6.gorm.Migrator接口

// Migrator migrator interface
type Migrator interface {// AutoMigrateAutoMigrate(dst ...interface{}) error// DatabaseCurrentDatabase() stringFullDataTypeOf(*schema.Field) clause.Expr// TablesCreateTable(dst ...interface{}) errorDropTable(dst ...interface{}) errorHasTable(dst interface{}) boolRenameTable(oldName, newName interface{}) errorGetTables() (tableList []string, err error)// ColumnsAddColumn(dst interface{}, field string) errorDropColumn(dst interface{}, field string) errorAlterColumn(dst interface{}, field string) errorMigrateColumn(dst interface{}, field *schema.Field, columnType ColumnType) errorHasColumn(dst interface{}, field string) boolRenameColumn(dst interface{}, oldName, field string) errorColumnTypes(dst interface{}) ([]ColumnType, error)// ViewsCreateView(name string, option ViewOption) errorDropView(name string) error// ConstraintsCreateConstraint(dst interface{}, name string) errorDropConstraint(dst interface{}, name string) errorHasConstraint(dst interface{}, name string) bool// IndexesCreateIndex(dst interface{}, name string) errorDropIndex(dst interface{}, name string) errorHasIndex(dst interface{}, name string) boolRenameIndex(dst interface{}, oldName, newName string) error
}

7.ColumnType接口

// ColumnType column type interface
type ColumnType interface {Name() stringDatabaseTypeName() string                 // varcharColumnType() (columnType string, ok bool) // varchar(64)PrimaryKey() (isPrimaryKey bool, ok bool)AutoIncrement() (isAutoIncrement bool, ok bool)Length() (length int64, ok bool)DecimalSize() (precision int64, scale int64, ok bool)Nullable() (nullable bool, ok bool)Unique() (unique bool, ok bool)ScanType() reflect.TypeComment() (value string, ok bool)DefaultValue() (value string, ok bool)
}

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