Visual C++游戏编程基础之键盘消息

一、键盘

1.虚拟键码：Windows系统下所有的按键被视为虚拟键(包含鼠标在内)，每一个虚拟键都有其对应的虚拟键码；

2.键盘消息

(1)VM_KEWDOWN：按下按键消息；

(2)VM_KEYUP ：松开按键消息；

(3)VM_CHAR ：字符消息，当按下的按键为定义于ASCII码中的可打印字符时，便发出此字符消息；

3.系统键

(1)VM_SYSKEYDOWN：按下系统键消息；

(2)VM_SYSKEYUP ：松开系统键消息；

二、键盘消息处理

1.LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)

(1)wParam：表示按下按键的虚拟键码；

(2)lParam ：存储按键的相关状态信息；

三、利用键盘上、下、左、右控制人物

1.首先设置人物的起始贴图坐标和起始方向，用0、1、2、3表示上、下、左、右，起始设为0；

2.初始化函数中，除贴背景图外，根据方向选择要贴的人物，还有根据方向判断人物图的宽和高，以便进行透明处理和贴图

操作，此时若没有按键操作，WinMain函数将每隔一段时间进行贴图操作，从而实现了人物的原地跑动；

3.若此时按下向下的按键，消息处理函数接收按键消息，接着要判断当前人物所处的方向，根据不同的方向，适当修正，只要有

明显下移就可以，然后判断y的值不能比地图的高还大，要设临界值；

4.更改了贴图坐标后，把方向设为1(下是1)，然后就去指向绘图函数，然后又是重复2的操作；

四、效果

五、代码如下


#include "stdafx.h"
#include <stdio.h>HINSTANCE hInst;
HBITMAP girl[4],bg;
HDC     hdc,mdc,bufdc;
HWND    hWnd;
DWORD   tPre,tNow;
int     num,dir,x,y;//num:连续图中的小图编号;dir:人物移动的方向;x,y为人物贴图坐标ATOM              MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance);
BOOL                InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int);
LRESULT CALLBACK    WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
void                MyPaint(HDC hdc);int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,LPSTR     lpCmdLine,int       nCmdShow)
{MSG msg;MyRegisterClass(hInstance);if (!InitInstance (hInstance, nCmdShow)) {return FALSE;}while( msg.message!=WM_QUIT ){if( PeekMessage( &msg, NULL, 0,0 ,PM_REMOVE) ){TranslateMessage( &msg );DispatchMessage( &msg );}else{tNow = GetTickCount();if(tNow-tPre >= 40)MyPaint(hdc);}}return msg.wParam;
}ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{WNDCLASSEX wcex;wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX); wcex.style          = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;wcex.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC)WndProc;wcex.cbClsExtra     = 0;wcex.cbWndExtra        = 0;wcex.hInstance     = hInstance;wcex.hIcon         = NULL;wcex.hCursor        = NULL;wcex.hCursor        = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);wcex.hbrBackground   = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);wcex.lpszMenuName  = NULL;wcex.lpszClassName  = "canvas";wcex.hIconSm      = NULL;return RegisterClassEx(&wcex);
}BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow)
{HBITMAP bmp;hInst = hInstance;hWnd = CreateWindow("canvas", "绘图窗口" , WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);if (!hWnd){return FALSE;}MoveWindow(hWnd,10,10,640,500,true);ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);UpdateWindow(hWnd);hdc = GetDC(hWnd);mdc = CreateCompatibleDC(hdc);bufdc = CreateCompatibleDC(hdc);bmp = CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdc,640,480);SelectObject(mdc,bmp);x = 300;y = 250;//人物的起始贴图位置(300,250)dir = 0;//起始面向上num = 0;girl[0] = (HBITMAP)LoadImage(NULL,"girl0.bmp",IMAGE_BITMAP,440,148,LR_LOADFROMFILE);girl[1] = (HBITMAP)LoadImage(NULL,"girl1.bmp",IMAGE_BITMAP,424,154,LR_LOADFROMFILE);girl[2] = (HBITMAP)LoadImage(NULL,"girl2.bmp",IMAGE_BITMAP,480,148,LR_LOADFROMFILE);girl[3] = (HBITMAP)LoadImage(NULL,"girl3.bmp",IMAGE_BITMAP,480,148,LR_LOADFROMFILE);bg = (HBITMAP)LoadImage(NULL,"bg.bmp",IMAGE_BITMAP,640,480,LR_LOADFROMFILE);MyPaint(hdc);return TRUE;
}void MyPaint(HDC hdc)
{int w,h;SelectObject(bufdc,bg);BitBlt(mdc,0,0,640,480,bufdc,0,0,SRCCOPY);SelectObject(bufdc,girl[dir]);switch(dir){case 0:w = 55;h = 74;break;case 1:w = 53;h = 77;break;case 2:w = 60;h = 74;break;case 3:w = 60;h = 74;break;}BitBlt(mdc,x,y,w,h,bufdc,num*w,h,SRCAND);BitBlt(mdc,x,y,w,h,bufdc,num*w,0,SRCPAINT);BitBlt(hdc,0,0,640,480,mdc,0,0,SRCCOPY);tPre = GetTickCount();         num++;if(num == 8)num = 0;}//Esc键结束程序
//方向键重设贴图坐标
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{switch (message){case WM_KEYDOWN:                switch (wParam) {case VK_ESCAPE:           PostQuitMessage( 0 );break;case VK_UP:               switch(dir){case 0:   y -= 10;break;case 1:x -= 1;y -= 8;break;case 2: x += 2;y -= 10;break;case 3:x += 2;y -= 10;break;}if(y < 0)y = 0;dir = 0;break;case VK_DOWN:          switch(dir){case 0:x += 1;y += 8;break;case 1:y += 10;break;case 2:x += 3;y += 6;break;case 3:x += 3;y += 6;break;}if(y > 375)y = 375;dir = 1;break;case VK_LEFT:             switch(dir){case 0:x -= 12;break;case 1:x -= 13;y += 4;break;case 2:x -= 10;break;case 3:x -= 10;break;}if(x < 0)x = 0;dir = 2;break;case VK_RIGHT:               switch(dir){case 0:x += 8;break;case 1:x += 7;y += 4;break;case 2:x += 10;break;case 3:x += 10;break;}if(x > 575)  //640-60x = 575;dir = 3;break;}break;case WM_DESTROY:                  int i;DeleteDC(mdc);DeleteDC(bufdc);for(i=0;i<4;i++)DeleteObject(girl[i]);DeleteObject(bg);ReleaseDC(hWnd,hdc);PostQuitMessage(0);break;default:                          return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);}return 0;
}