C语言-结构体与联合体

第一题：
要求你设计一个能够保存图书信息的结构。图书属性包括：书名（title）、作者（author）和单价信息（price），并按照下面要求完成对于各种图书的相关操作。

    /* struct books { char title[100]; char author[20]; double price; } doyle = { "My life as a budgie", "Mack Tom", 14.6 }; int main(void) { struct books dicken = { "Thinking in C++", "Stephen Prata", 78 }; struct books panshin = { .title = "C++ Primer", .author = "Stanley Lippman", .price = 92.5 }; printf("The title is :%s\nThe author is :%s\nThe price is :%lf\n", doyle.title, doyle.author, doyle.price); printf("\n"); printf("The title is :%s\nThe author is :%s\nThe price is :%lf\n", dicken.title, dicken.author, dicken.price); printf("\n"); printf("The title is :%s\nThe author is :%s\nThe price is :%lf\n", panshin.title, panshin.author, panshin.price); printf("\n"); printf("“Thinking in C++”这本书的价格调整后为：\n"); printf("\n"); printf("The title is :%s\nThe author is :%s\nThe price is :%lf\n", dicken.title, dicken.author, dicken.price = 85); return EXIT_SUCCESS; } */

第二题：
为上面的关于图书的程序，添加三个函数：
/*(1)编写显示图书信息函数show()。参数为结构的指针。显示图书信息的结构如下：
The title is :My life as a budgie
The author is :Mack Tom
The price is :14.6

[csharp] view plain copy
print?#include <stdio.h>  #include <stdlib.h>  struct Library {  const char title[20];  const char author[10];  double price;  } panshin;  void show(struct Library *doy) {  printf("The title is: %s\n The author is : %s\n The price is : %.1lf",doy->title,  doy->author, doy->price);  }  int main(void) {  struct Library doyle = { "My life as a budgie", "Mack Tom", 14.6 };  show(&doyle);  return EXIT_SUCCESS;  }*/

/*(2)编写初始化结构变量函数init()，参数为结构的指针。函数功能是将结构变量中的成员进行初始化。

[csharp] view plain copy
print?#include <stdio.h>  #include <stdlib.h>  struct Library {  const char title[20];  const char author[10];  double price;  } panshin;  void init(struct Library *doyle, struct Library *dicken, struct Library *panshin) {  doyle ->title;  dicken ->author;  panshin ->price;  }  int main(void) {  struct Library doyle = { "My life as a budgie", "Mack Tom", 14.6 };  struct Library dicken ={ "Thinking in C++", "Stephen Prata", 78 };  struct Library panshin = { "C++ Prinner", "Stanley Lippman", 92.5 };  init(&doyle,&dicken,&panshin);  printf("The title is: %s\n The author is : %s\n The price is : %.1lf",  doyle->title, doyle->author, doyle->price);  printf("The title is: %s\n The author is : %s\n The price is : %.1lf",  dicken->title, dicken->author, dicken->price);  printf("The title is: %s\n The author is : %s\n The price is : %.1lf",  panshin->title, panshin->author, panshin->price);  return EXIT_SUCCESS;  }  */

/*(3)编写从键盘上接受图书信息的函数input()，参数为结构的指针。函数的功能是从键盘上接收相关图书信息，并将信息保存到指针所执行的图书结构变量里。

    #include <stdio.h>  #include <stdlib.h>  struct Library {  const char title[20];  const char author[10];  double price;  };  void input(struct Library *doyle,struct Library dicken,){  scanf("%s%s%lf", doyle->title, doyle->author,&doyle->price);  scanf("%s%s%lf",dicken->title, dicken->author, &dicken->price);  scanf("%s%s%lf", panshin->title, panshin->author, &panshin->price);  }  int main(void) {  struct Library doyle;  struct Library dicken;  struct Library panshin ;  input(&doyle,&dicken,&panshin);  printf("The title is: %s\n The author is : %s\n The price is : %.1lf",  doyle->title, doyle->author, doyle->price);  printf("The title is: %s\n The author is : %s\n The price is : %.1lf",  dicken->title, dicken->author, dicken->price);  printf("The title is: %s\n The author is : %s\n The price is : %.1lf",  panshin->title, panshin->author, panshin->price);  return EXIT_SUCCESS;  }*/

/*(4)主程序按照下面流程完成功能实现：
a)定义三个图书对象doyle、dicken、panshin。
b)对结构对象进行初始化。
c)从键盘上接收图书信息，分别保存到三个图书对象中。
d)输出三个图书对象的图书信息。

    #include <stdio.h>  #include <stdlib.h>  struct Library {  const char title[20];  const char author[10];  double price;  }doyle,dicken,panshin;  int main(void) {  struct Library doyle;  struct Library dicken;  struct Library panshin ;  scanf("%s%s%lf", &doyle.title, &doyle.author, &doyle.price);  scanf("%s%s%lf",&dicken.title, &dicken.author, &dicken.price);  scanf("%s%s%lf", &panshin.title, &panshin.author, &panshin.price);  printf("The title is: %s\n The author is : %s\n The price is : %.1lf",  doyle.title, doyle.author, doyle.price);  printf("The title is: %s\n The author is : %s\n The price is : %.1lf",  dicken.title, dicken.author, dicken.price);  printf("The title is: %s\n The author is : %s\n The price is : %.1lf",  panshin.title, panshin.author, panshin.price);  return EXIT_SUCCESS;  }  */

第三题：
创建一个图书馆library（结构数组），里面一共包含了上面这三本书。
创建一个结构数组library，使用上面所设计的函数init()对每本书进行初始化。
使用上面所设计的函数input()从键盘上接收图书信息。
使用上面的函数show，将输入的图书信息显示出来。

print?#include <stdio.h>  #include <stdlib.h>  struct Library {  const char title[20];  const char author[10];  double price;  } book[3];  void input(struct Library *(book+1),struct Library *(book+2),struct Library *(book+3)){  scanf("%s%s%lf", (book+1)->title, (book+1)->author,&(book+1)->price);  scanf("%s%s%lf",(book+2)->title, (book+2)->author, &(book+2)->price);  scanf("%s%s%lf",(book+3)->title, (book+3)->author, &(book+3)->price);  }  void init() {  struct Library book[3];  }  void show(struct Library *(book+1), struct Library *(book+2), struct Library *(book+3)) {  printf("The title is: %s\n The author is : %s\n The price is : %.1lf",  (book+1)->title, (book+1)->author, (book+1)->price);  printf("The title is: %s\n The author is : %s\n The price is : %.1lf",  (book+2)->title,(book+2)->author, (book+2)->price);  printf("The title is: %s\n The author is : %s\n The price is : %.1lf",  (book+3)->title, (book+3)->author, (book+3)->price);  }  int main(){  input(&(book+1),&(book+2),&(book+3));  init();  show(&(book+1),&(book+2),&(book+3));  return EXIT_SUCCESS;  }

第四题：
设计一个表示汽车信息的结构。

print?int main(){  struct car {  char name[20];  char sex[5];  char buyDate[20];  } owner = { "Jone", "M", "2008-01-01" };  struct company {  char name[20];  char tel[10];  } leaseCompany = { "hualong", "010-88064420" };  union data {  struct car owner;  struct company leaseCompany;  };  struct carData {  char make[20];  int status;  union data {  struct car owner;  struct company leaseCompany;  } ownerInfo;  } ;  struct carData flits = { .status = 0, .make = "volvo", .ownerInfo.ownerCar.sex =  'M', .ownerInfo.ownerCar.buyDate = '2008-11-21',  .ownerInfo.ownerCar.name = 'Rebort Carter' };  return 0;  }

第五题：
Wiliam Wingate从事比萨分析服务。对于每个比萨饼，他都需要记录下列信息：
1.比萨饼公司的名称。可以有多个单词组成。
2.比萨饼的直径。
3.比萨饼的重量。
请设计一个能够存储这些信息的结构,并编写一个使用这种结构变量的程序。
程序将请求用户输入上述信息，然后显示这些信息。

[html] view plain copy
print?/*int main(){  struct pisa{  char name[20];  int zhijing;  int zhongliang;  }a={"Wiliam Wingate",6,2};  printf("比萨饼公司的名称：%s\n比萨饼的直径:%d\n比萨饼的重量:%d  n",a.name,a.zhijing,a.zhongliang);  return 0;  }*/

第六题：
要求设计一个能够保存学生信息的结构。学生信息包括：姓名（Name）、年级（Grade）和成绩（score），并按照下面要求完成对于学生信息的操作。

print?/*struct stu {  char Name[100];  char Grade[20];  int score;  } stu1 = { "姜楠", "二年级", 78};  int main(void) {  struct stu stu2 = { "何北", "二年级", 85 };  struct stu stu3 = { .Name = "董璐", .Grade = "二年级",  .score = 99 };  printf("The Name is :%s\nThe Grade is :%s\nThe Score is  :%d\n",  stu1.Name, stu1.Grade, stu1.score);  printf("\n");  printf("The Name is :%s\nThe Grade is :%s\nThe Score is  :%d\n",  stu2.Name, stu2.Grade, stu2.score);  printf("\n");  printf("The Name is :%s\nThe Grade is :%s\nThe Score is  :%d\n",  stu3.Name, stu3.Grade, stu3.score);  printf("\n");  return EXIT_SUCCESS;  }*/

第七题：
为上面关于学生信息的程序添加三个函数：
1.编写显示学生信息的函数showInfo（），参数为结构的指针。显示学生信息的结构如下：
The Name is:Donglu
The Grade is:Two
The Score is:99

[html] view plain copy
print?

    #include <stdio.h>  #include <stdlib.h>  struct Student {  char Name[20];  int Grade[4];  int score;  };  void showInfo(struct Student *stu3) {  printf("The Name is：%s\n The Grade is:%d\n The Score is :%d", stu3->Name,  stu3->Grade,stu3->score);  }  int main() {  struct Student stu3 = { 'Donglu', 'Two', 99 };  showInfo(&stu3);  return EXIT_SUCCESS;  }  *  */  /*```* 2.编写初始化结构变量的函数init（），参数为结构的指针。函数功能是将结构变量中的成员进行初始化。[csharp] view plain copy
print?

#include <stdio.h>  #include <stdlib.h>  struct Student {  char Name[20];  int Grade[4];  int score;  };  void init(struct Student *stu1,struct Student *stu2,struct Student *stu3){  stu1->Name;  stu1->Grade;  stu1->score;  stu2->Name;  stu2->Grade;  stu2->score;  stu3->Name;  stu3->Grade;  stu3->score;  }
*/

/*3.编写从键盘上接收学生信息的函数input（），参数也是结构的指针。函数的功能是从键盘上接收相关学生信息，并把信息保存到指针所指向的结构变量里。[csharp] view plain copy
print?

#include <stdio.h>  #include <stdlib.h>  struct Student {  char Name[20];  int Grade[4];  int score;  };  void input(struct Student *stu1,struct Student *stu2,struct Student *stu3){  scanf("%s%d%d",&stu1->Name,&stu1->Grade,&stu1->score);  scanf("%s%d%d",&stu2->Name,&stu2->Grade,&stu2->score);  scanf("%s%d%d",&stu3->Name,&stu3->Grade,&stu3->score);  }  */

 /*4.主函数按照下面流程完成功能实现：a)定义三个学生对象stu1，stu2,stu3.b)对结构对象进行初始化.c)从键盘上接收学生信息，分别保存到三个学生对象中。d)输出三个学生对象的信息。`#include <stdio.h>  #include <stdlib.h>  struct Student {  char Name[20];  int Grade[4];  int score;  };  void input(struct Student *stu1,struct Student *stu2,struct Student *stu3){  scanf("%s%d%d",&stu1->Name,&stu1->Grade,&stu1->score);  scanf("%s%d%d",&stu2->Name,&stu2->Grade,&stu2->score);  scanf("%s%d%d",&stu3->Name,&stu3->Grade,&stu3->score);  }  int main(){  struct Student stu1;  struct Student stu2;  struct Student stu3;  input(&stu1,&stu2,&stu3);  printf("The Name is：%s\n The Grade is:%d\n The Score is :%d", stu1->Name,stu1-  >Grade,stu1->score);  printf("The Name is：%s\n The Grade is:%d\n The Score is :%d", stu2->Name,stu2-  >Grade,stu2->score);  printf("The Name is：%s\n The Grade is:%d\n The Score is :%d", stu3->Name,stu3-  >Grade,stu3->score);  }`  第八题：用一个数组存放图书信息，每本图书包含书名（booktitle）、作者（author）、出版年月（date）、出版社（publishunit）、借出数目（lendnum）、库存数目（stocknum）等信息。编写程序输入若干本图书的信息，按出版年月排序后输出。
`#include <stdio.h>  #include <stdlib.h>  struct Data {  int year;  int month;  int day;  };  truct library {  char booktitle[50];  char author[10];  struct Data data;  char publishunit[100];  int lendnum;  int stocknum;  };  nt main() {  int i, j, n, temp = 0;  struct library book[n];  printf("请输入要处理的图书数量：\n");  fflush(stdout);  scanf("%d", &n);  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {  printf("请输入第%d本书的信息：\n", i + 1);  printf("书名：");  fflush(stdout);  scanf("%s", &book[i].booktitle);  printf("作者：");  scanf("%s", &book[i].author);  printf("出版年月：");  scanf("%s", &book[i].data);  printf("出版社：");  scanf("%s", &book[i].publishunit);  printf("借出数：");  scanf("%s", &book[i].lendnum);  printf("库存数：");  scanf("%s", &book[i].stocknum);  }  for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {  for (j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {  if (book[i].publishunit < book[j].publishunit) {  temp = book[i];  book[i] = book[j];  book[j] = temp;  }  }  printf("\n排序后的图书信息：");  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {  printf(  "\n书名：  %s\n, 作者：  %s\n, 出版年月：  %s\n, 出版社：  %s\n, 借出数：  %s\n, 库存数：%s\n",  book[i].booktitle, book[i].author, book[i].data,  book[i].publishunit, book[i].lendnum, book  i].stocknum);  }  }  return EXIT_SUCCESS;  }

第九题：
编写程序，用union实现两个数的加、减、乘、除运算，每种运算用函数完成，并请考虑多个数的运算如何实现。

 union yunsuan{  int a;  int b;  }f;  int add(int a,int b)  {  int sum =0;  f.a = a;  sum+= f.a;  f.b = b;  sum+=f.b;  printf("%d\n",sum);  return sum;  }  int jian(int a,int b){  int sum =0;  f.a = a;  sum-=f.a;  f.b =b;  sum-=f.b  printf("%d\n",sum);  return sum;  }  int cheng(int a,int b){  int sum =0;  f.a = a;  sum*=f.a;  f.b =b;  sum*=f.b  printf("%d\n",sum);  return sum;  }  int chu(int a,int b){  int sum =0;  f.a = a;  sum/=f.a;  f.b =b;  sum*/=f.b  printf("%d\n",sum);  return sum;  }

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