Heap Dump简述

Heap dump文件是一个二进制文件，它保存了某一时刻JVM堆中对象使用情况。Heap Dump文件是指定时刻的Java堆栈的快照，是一种镜像文件。Heap Dump一般都包含了一个堆中的Java Objects, Class等基本信息。同时，当你在执行一个转储操作时，往往会触发一次GC，所以你转储得到的文件里包含的信息通常是有效的内容(包含比较少，或没有垃圾对象了) 。我们可以这么理解：heap dump记录内存信息的，thread dump是记录CPU信息的。

Heap Dump 包含的信息

所有的对象信息

对象的类信息、字段信息、原生值(int, long等)及引用值

所有的类信息

类加载器、类名、超类及静态字段

垃圾回收的根对象

根对象是指那些可以直接被虚拟机触及的对象

线程栈及局部变量

包含了转储时刻的线程调用栈信息和栈帧中的局部变量信息

Heap Dump 获取方式

1. 使用 jmap 命令生成 dump 文件

jmap -dump:live,format=b,file=c:\dump\heap.hprof

eg. 1) 在windows主机上面通过tasklist获取进程pid

C:\Program Files (x86)\PowerCmd>tasklist

映像名称 PID 会话名 会话# 内存使用

========================= ======== ================ =========== ============

System Idle Process 0 Services 0 8 K

System 4 Services 0 1,256 K

Registry 96 Services 0 22,608 K

smss.exe 448 Services 0 1,028 K

csrss.exe 656 Services 0 4,532 K

wininit.exe 760 Services 0 5,764 K

csrss.exe 768 Console 1 5,088 K

services.exe 832 Services 0 9,912 K

lsass.exe 840 Services 0 16,356 K

svchost.exe 960 Services 0 3,816 K

svchost.exe 984 Services 0 26,528 K

fontdrvhost.exe 68 Services 0 3,116 K

svchost.exe 524 Services 0 13,408 K

svchost.exe 904 Services 0 7,524 K

winlogon.exe 1104 Console 1 8,312 K

fontdrvhost.exe 1160 Console 1 21,644 K

dwm.exe 1244 Console 1 84,076 K

aesm_service.exe 1308 Services 0 6,568 K

svchost.exe 1372 Services 0 9,288 K

svchost.exe 1380 Services 0 11,288 K

svchost.exe 1444 Services 0 13,780 K

svchost.exe 1504 Services 0 5,780 K

svchost.exe 1548 Services 0 10,036 K

svchost.exe 1632 Services 0 9,492 K

svchost.exe 1716 Services 0 14,568 K

svchost.exe 1760 Services 0 8,804 K

svchost.exe 1768 Services 0 14,340 K

ibmpmsvc.exe 1852 Services 0 4,920 K

LPlatSvc.exe 1864 Services 0 6,768 K

NVDisplay.Container.exe 2036 Services 0 9,180 K

svchost.exe 1020 Services 0 8,372 K

AliSystemSrv.exe 1736 Services 0 5,536 K

svchost.exe 2084 Services 0 7,400 K

NVDisplay.Container.exe 2156 Console 1 17,744 K

svchost.exe 2240 Services 0 11,468 K

svchost.exe 2324 Services 0 9,508 K

svchost.exe 2332 Services 0 12,056 K

svchost.exe 2440 Services 0 12,204 K

svchost.exe 2448 Services 0 5,672 K

svchost.exe 2456 Services 0 7,620 K

svchost.exe 2540 Services 0 7,636 K

Memory Compression 2548 Services 0 20,356 K

igfxCUIService.exe 2600 Services 0 7,368 K

svchost.exe 2660 Services 0 7,440 K

svchost.exe 2668 Services 0 11,972 K

svchost.exe 2800 Services 0 11,972 K

RtkAudioService64.exe 2876 Services 0 6,016 K

svchost.exe 2884 Services 0 17,460 K

svchost.exe 3024 Services 0 6,236 K

svchost.exe 3032 Services 0 8,416 K

svchost.exe 3040 Services 0 11,056 K

svchost.exe 3124 Services 0 12,428 K

audiodg.exe 3196 Services 0 31,912 K

svchost.exe 3292 Services 0 14,592 K

sihost.exe 3332 Console 1 24,480 K

svchost.exe 3356 Console 1 21,252 K

PresentationFontCache.exe 3404 Services 0 23,492 K

svchost.exe 3492 Console 1 32,452 K

svchost.exe 3500 Services 0 11,212 K

spoolsv.exe 3660 Services 0 11,104 K

TpShocks.exe 3668 Console 1 1,308 K

taskhostw.exe 3736 Console 1 16,028 K

wlanext.exe 3820 Services 0 12,700 K

svchost.exe 3828 Services 0 7,920 K

conhost.exe 3852 Services 0 4,832 K

svchost.exe 3984 Services 0 28,616 K

svchost.exe 3992 Services 0 7,400 K

ctfmon.exe 4064 Console 1 24,704 K

explorer.exe 4104 Console 1 145,340 K

WmiPrvSE.exe 4308 Services 0 16,784 K

AlibabaProtect.exe 4420 Services 0 78,640 K

IntelCpHDCPSvc.exe 4428 Services 0 6,636 K

svchost.exe 4436 Services 0 5,888 K

svchost.exe 4444 Services 0 24,352 K

OfficeClickToRun.exe 4464 Services 0 21,692 K

svchost.exe 4472 Services 0 13,008 K

svchost.exe 4484 Services 0 29,204 K

EvtEng.exe 4492 Services 0 11,484 K

FoxitProtect.exe 4500 Services 0 14,080 K

ibtsiva.exe 4540 Services 0 3,964 K

GfExperienceService.exe 4548 Services 0 9,816 K

iNodeMon.exe 4592 Services 0 8,988 K

svchost.exe 4624 Services 0 11,688 K

micmute.exe 4740 Services 0 9,532 K

svchost.exe 4764 Services 0 8,124 K

mysqld.exe 4772 Services 0 23,888 K

NvNetworkService.exe 4788 Services 0 9,484 K

svchost.exe 4796 Services 0 9,896 K

QQProtect.exe 4824 Services 0 14,552 K

pcas.exe 4832 Services 0 13,752 K

RegSrvc.exe 4892 Services 0 8,400 K

SecurityHealthService.exe 4924 Services 0 11,672 K

SynTPEnhService.exe 4976 Services 0 8,300 K

svchost.exe 5032 Services 0 5,404 K

tphkload.exe 5040 Services 0 10,328 K

TeamViewer_Service.exe 5048 Services 0 13,400 K

MsMpEng.exe 5068 Services 0 156,560 K

svchost.exe 5108 Services 0 20,796 K

ZeroConfigService.exe 5140 Services 0 12,708 K

SynTPEnh.exe 5336 Console 1 16,524 K

iNodeImg.exe 5396 Console 1 6,608 K

conhost.exe 5480 Console 1 5,076 K

igfxEM.exe 5880 Console 1 10,736 K

svchost.exe 6008 Services 0 7,368 K

svchost.exe 5192 Services 0 7,012 K

dasHost.exe 5448 Services 0 4,644 K

WmiPrvSE.exe 6304 Services 0 10,932 K

IntelCpHeciSvc.exe 6400 Services 0 9,452 K

svchost.exe 6600 Services 0 5,708 K

iNodeCmn.exe 6908 Console 1 12,768 K

iNodeSec.exe 6916 Console 1 10,240 K

conhost.exe 6948 Console 1 5,084 K

conhost.exe 6964 Console 1 5,096 K

iNodeSslvpn.exe 6980 Console 1 10,536 K

iNodeL2tpIPSecvpn.exe 6996 Console 1 10,184 K

conhost.exe 7020 Console 1 5,084 K

conhost.exe 7036 Console 1 5,080 K

svchost.exe 7048 Services 0 7,812 K

svchost.exe 7296 Services 0 6,956 K

SynTPHelper.exe 7684 Console 1 4,216 K

unsecapp.exe 8124 Services 0 6,508 K

tposd.exe 8404 Console 1 11,380 K

shtctky.exe 8412 Console 1 7,776 K

rundll32.exe 8940 Console 1 4,556 K

svchost.exe 9076 Services 0 15,240 K

ShellExperienceHost.exe 8344 Console 1 71,196 K

SearchUI.exe 9248 Console 1 66,488 K

RuntimeBroker.exe 9424 Console 1 22,232 K

TSVNCache.exe 9476 Console 1 10,896 K

RuntimeBroker.exe 9688 Console 1 27,068 K

NisSrv.exe 9864 Services 0 10,104 K

SettingSyncHost.exe 10180 Console 1 5,600 K

Video.UI.exe 3644 Console 1 16,324 K

svchost.exe 3172 Services 0 9,772 K

SkypeHost.exe 10292 Console 1 32,116 K

LockApp.exe 10368 Console 1 29,224 K

svchost.exe 10428 Services 0 15,640 K

RuntimeBroker.exe 10500 Console 1 27,780 K

SearchIndexer.exe 10748 Services 0 45,120 K

GoogleCrashHandler.exe 10464 Services 0 1,228 K

GoogleCrashHandler64.exe 10100 Services 0 912 K

RuntimeBroker.exe 3628 Console 1 19,016 K

igfxext.exe 8672 Console 1 7,968 K

svchost.exe 10268 Console 1 21,696 K

RuntimeBroker.exe 11552 Console 1 16,036 K

RuntimeBroker.exe 11804 Console 1 7,096 K

MySQLNotifier.exe 11880 Console 1 41,156 K

RuntimeBroker.exe 11976 Console 1 13,180 K

svchost.exe 12016 Services 0 29,620 K

Shadowsocks.exe 12084 Console 1 12,460 K

ss_privoxy.exe 5172 Console 1 8,336 K

jusched.exe 11936 Console 1 15,572 K

RAVBg64.exe 9844 Console 1 2,172 K

RAVCpl64.exe 11540 Console 1 3,184 K

svchost.exe 8880 Services 0 7,168 K

ApplicationFrameHost.exe 11284 Console 1 31,024 K

WinStore.App.exe 1672 Console 1 36,976 K

Calculator.exe 11392 Console 1 20,856 K

RuntimeBroker.exe 9004 Console 1 5,840 K

dllhost.exe 9440 Console 1 9,624 K

sppsvc.exe 3616 Services 0 12,000 K

svchost.exe 4116 Services 0 13,868 K

jhi_service.exe 11724 Services 0 6,284 K

LMS.exe 11660 Services 0 10,900 K

SgrmBroker.exe 12100 Services 0 5,040 K

svchost.exe 9528 Services 0 8,528 K

AlibabaprotectUI.exe 4208 Console 1 21,368 K

svchost.exe 5896 Services 0 8,380 K

svchost.exe 9380 Services 0 10,940 K

svchost.exe 6156 Services 0 5,352 K

WeChat.exe 12480 Console 1 71,152 K

WeChatWeb.exe 8952 Console 1 18,216 K

DingTalk.exe 13052 Console 1 121,000 K

DingTalkHelper.exe 12588 Console 1 109,936 K

DingTalk.exe 3952 Console 1 10,964 K

cloudmusic.exe 12372 Console 1 46,304 K

cloudmusic.exe 13348 Console 1 75,912 K

cloudmusic.exe 13464 Console 1 65,080 K

QQ.exe 5772 Console 1 244,204 K

TXPlatform.exe 13780 Console 1 2,952 K

WindowsInternal.Composabl 5164 Console 1 25,592 K

SogouCloud.exe 13812 Console 1 16,908 K

QQExternal.exe 13720 Console 1 52,072 K

svchost.exe 4844 Services 0 7,012 K

svchost.exe 8904 Services 0 9,836 K

FoxitReaderPlus.exe 13580 Console 1 54,888 K

SogouImeBroker.exe 13892 Console 1 20,252 K

chrome.exe 5028 Console 1 166,544 K

chrome.exe 3848 Console 1 7,600 K

chrome.exe 3060 Console 1 7,916 K

chrome.exe 14000 Console 1 62,864 K

chrome.exe 12336 Console 1 60,712 K

chrome.exe 13932 Console 1 30,800 K

chrome.exe 13924 Console 1 29,288 K

idea64.exe 3720 Console 1 760,276 K

fsnotifier64.exe 14712 Console 1 3,976 K

conhost.exe 12672 Console 1 5,120 K

java.exe 12636 Console 1 33,100 K

conhost.exe 14392 Console 1 5,220 K

ChsIME.exe 16240 Console 1 13,700 K

PowerCmd.exe 14980 Console 1 53,128 K

cmd.exe 14864 Console 1 6,324 K

conhost.exe 4876 Console 1 9,164 K

cmd.exe 200 Console 1 6,332 K

conhost.exe 15432 Console 1 6,544 K

cmd.exe 16276 Console 1 6,352 K

conhost.exe 10868 Console 1 6,520 K

cmd.exe 15252 Console 1 6,328 K

conhost.exe 16316 Console 1 6,652 K

java.exe 13676 Console 1 585,804 K

java.exe 9304 Console 1 65,792 K

java.exe 15352 Console 1 88,924 K

java.exe 8316 Console 1 68,084 K

WINWORD.EXE 4200 Console 1 80,792 K

SecureCRT.exe 14384 Console 1 43,312 K

chrome.exe 1388 Console 1 15,512 K

chrome.exe 1076 Console 1 88,620 K

chrome.exe 1684 Console 1 43,932 K

chrome.exe 6316 Console 1 40,980 K

chrome.exe 13708 Console 1 74,120 K

visualvm.exe 6480 Console 1 5,920 K

javaw.exe 10148 Console 1 121,552 K

jprofiler.exe 16224 Console 1 558,216 K

chrome.exe 9300 Console 1 43,528 K

chrome.exe 2368 Console 1 46,320 K

chrome.exe 12280 Console 1 47,424 K

chrome.exe 9652 Console 1 40,108 K

notepad++.exe 4060 Console 1 23,644 K

chrome.exe 10604 Console 1 67,932 K

taskhostw.exe 3216 Console 1 13,864 K

wwbizsrv.exe 1792 Services 0 10,988 K

LPlatSvc.exe 9936 Console 1 6,268 K

svchost.exe 544 Services 0 5,764 K

cmd.exe 11996 Console 1 7,460 K

conhost.exe 9940 Console 1 11,240 K

chrome.exe 1324 Console 1 69,424 K

chrome.exe 9484 Console 1 82,132 K

SearchProtocolHost.exe 10832 Services 0 13,680 K

cmd.exe 7364 Console 1 7,504 K

conhost.exe 8796 Console 1 11,136 K

SearchProtocolHost.exe 232 Console 1 7,912 K

chrome.exe 3520 Console 1 21,396 K

java.exe 10552 Console 1 107,688 K

java.exe 13444 Console 1 1,125,320 K

conhost.exe 8356 Console 1 9,820 K

conhost.exe 9408 Console 1 9,808 K

SearchFilterHost.exe 14588 Services 0 9,404 K

jmap.exe 15580 Console 1 27,840 K

tasklist.exe 1280 Console 1 9,284 K

使用jmap命令生成heap dump文件

C:\ProgramFiles\Java\jdk1.8.0_144\bin>jmap -dump:live,format=b,file=c:\dumptest\heap1.hprof 13444

Dumping heap to C:\dumptest\heap1.hprof ...

Heap dump file created

使用使用jprofiler打开生成的heap1.hprof文件

image.png

如上图所示，红色圈出来的即为占用内存最多的对象，也是最可能发生OOM问题的地方；

2. 使用 jcmd 命令生成 dump 文件

jcmd GC.heap_dump c:\dump\heap.hprof

3. 使用 JVM 参数获取 dump 文件

1. -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError

当OutOfMemoryError发生时自动生成 Heap Dump 文件。

这可是一个非常有用的参数，因为当你需要分析Java内存使用情况时，往往是在OOM(OutOfMemoryError)发生时。

eg.

image.png

image.png

image.png

-XX:+HeapDumpBeforeFullGC

当 JVM 执行 FullGC 前执行 dump。

-XX:+HeapDumpAfterFullGC

当 JVM 执行 FullGC 后执行 dump。

-XX:+HeapDumpOnCtrlBreak

交互式获取dump。在控制台按下快捷键Ctrl + Break时，JVM就会转存一下堆快照。

-XX:HeapDumpPath=c:\test.hprof

指定 dump 文件存储路径。

注意：JVM 生成 Heap Dump 的时候，虚拟机是暂停一切服务的。如果是线上系统执行 Heap Dump 时需要注意。

4. 使用其它工具获取dump文件

分析 Heap Dump 的工具都可以获取 Heap Dump 文件。

比如：jdk 自带的工具 jvisualvm。

其它工具：Eclipse memory analyzer(jmat)、JProfiler 等。