web压力测试之siege

siege简介

Siege是一款不错的网站压力测试工具，它可以非常容易地定制并发访问人数以及并发时间.
其安装、使用也非常方便，当然它是在Linux类环境下使用的，下面来对它作一个介绍。

安装

在mac上，可以使用brew来直接安装。
$ brew install siege

$ siege –help

SIEGE 3.1.3
Usage: siege [options]siege [options] URLsiege -g URL
Options:-V, --version             VERSION, prints the version number.-h, --help                HELP, prints this section.-C, --config              CONFIGURATION, show the current config.-v, --verbose             VERBOSE, prints notification to screen.-q, --quiet               QUIET turns verbose off and suppresses output.-g, --get                 GET, pull down HTTP headers and display thetransaction. Great for application debugging.-c, --concurrent=NUM      CONCURRENT users, default is 10-i, --internet            INTERNET user simulation, hits URLs randomly.-b, --benchmark           BENCHMARK: no delays between requests.-t, --time=NUMm           TIMED testing where "m" is modifier S, M, or Hex: --time=1H, one hour test.-r, --reps=NUM            REPS, number of times to run the test.-f, --file=FILE           FILE, select a specific URLS FILE.-R, --rc=FILE             RC, specify an siegerc file-l, --log[=FILE]          LOG to FILE. If FILE is not specified, thedefault is used: PREFIX/var/siege.log-m, --mark="text"         MARK, mark the log file with a string.-d, --delay=NUM           Time DELAY, random delay before each requstbetween .001 and NUM. (NOT COUNTED IN STATS)-H, --header="text"       Add a header to request (can be many)-A, --user-agent="text"   Sets User-Agent in request-T, --content-type="text" Sets Content-Type in requestCopyright (C) 2015 by Jeffrey Fulmer, et al.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.
There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

要使用最新的版本，去官网下载最新的源码进行build。
官方网址：http://www.joedog.org/

下载最新的版本源码，目前最新版本4.0.2，解压后，进入目录，执行：

$ ./configure
$ make
$ make install

完成后，siege执行文件被拷贝到/usr/local/bin/下。
执行一下
$ siege --help

[alert] Zip encoding disabled; siege requires zlib support to enable it
SIEGE 4.0.2
Usage: siege [options]siege [options] URLsiege -g URL
Options:-V, --version             VERSION, prints the version number.-h, --help                HELP, prints this section.-C, --config              CONFIGURATION, show the current config.-v, --verbose             VERBOSE, prints notification to screen.-q, --quiet               QUIET turns verbose off and suppresses output.-g, --get                 GET, pull down HTTP headers and display thetransaction. Great for application debugging.-c, --concurrent=NUM      CONCURRENT users, default is 10-r, --reps=NUM            REPS, number of times to run the test.-t, --time=NUMm           TIMED testing where "m" is modifier S, M, or Hex: --time=1H, one hour test.-d, --delay=NUM           Time DELAY, random delay before each requst-b, --benchmark           BENCHMARK: no delays between requests.-i, --internet            INTERNET user simulation, hits URLs randomly.-f, --file=FILE           FILE, select a specific URLS FILE.-R, --rc=FILE             RC, specify an siegerc file-l, --log[=FILE]          LOG to FILE. If FILE is not specified, thedefault is used: PREFIX/var/siege.log-m, --mark="text"         MARK, mark the log file with a string.between .001 and NUM. (NOT COUNTED IN STATS)-H, --header="text"       Add a header to request (can be many)-A, --user-agent="text"   Sets User-Agent in request-T, --content-type="text" Sets Content-Type in requestCopyright (C) 2016 by Jeffrey Fulmer, et al.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.
There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

使用1

比如，狗厂的兄弟对某个url进行简单的http访问压测：

$ siege -c100 -t60s -b http://***.item.com/999888

并发测试完毕后，打印出结果信息：

Transactions: 337998 hits
Availability: 100.00 %
Elapsed time: 59.09 secs
Data transferred: 2021.07 MB
Response time: 0.03 secs
Transaction rate: 5720.05 trans/sec
Throughput: 34.20 MB/sec
Concurrency: 149.79
Successful transactions: 337998
Failed transactions: 0
Longest transaction: 1.07
Shortest transaction: 0.00

$ siege -c600 -t60s -b http://***.item.jd.com/981821

并发测试完毕后，打印出结果信息：

Transactions: 370985 hits
Availability: 100.00 %
Elapsed time: 59.16 secs
Data transferred: 2218.32 MB
Response time: 0.10 secs
Transaction rate: 6270.88 trans/sec
Throughput: 37.50 MB/sec
Concurrency: 598.31
Successful transactions: 370985
Failed transactions: 0
Longest transaction: 1.32
Shortest transaction: 0.00

如果在并发的过程中，被访问的页面打开出错或及其缓慢，表示在当前并发条件下，被访问网站是不能承受的，也就是抗并发能力弱。
另外，在并发的过程中最好通过top命令来查看CPU和Memory的占用情况。

使用2: 对多个页面进行并发访问

新建一个文件，命名为urls，里面的内容为（只是例子，任何url都可以）：

http://www.taobao.com
http://www.taobao.com/2010/12/16/2821/
http://www.taobao.com/2010/12/14/2806/

执行命令：

$ siege -f urls -c200 -t5

表示启动200个用户在5分钟内并发访问以上的url网址。

并发测试完毕后，打印出结果信息：

Lifting the server siege… done.
Transactions: 7555 hits
Availability: 99.47 %
Elapsed time: 299.92 secs
Data transferred: 99.17 MB
Response time: 7.30 secs
Transaction rate: 25.19 trans/sec
Throughput: 0.33 MB/sec
Concurrency: 183.84
Successful transactions: 7555
Failed transactions: 40
Longest transaction: 17.94
Shortest transaction: 0.02

使用siege 3.#版本进行http post

在使用http post方式时，结合http body类型。
siege -T ‘application/json’ -c 500 -r 1 ‘http://some.url./post-service/ POST <./postfile’
服务器端接收到body为postfile文件内容，但是content_type依旧是默认值“application/x-www-form-urlencoded”，致使服务器端不能正确处理。

将postfile文件名修改为postfile.json
siege -c 500 -r 1 ‘http://some.url./post-service/ POST <./postfile.json’
content_type被正确设置为application/json，服务器正常处理返回。
原来siege只能通过文件的扩展名来确定content type格式

对比apache的ab命令

该工具比较好用，没出现什么问题，一条命令搞定：
ab -n 5000 -c 500 -p postfile -T ‘application/json’ ‘http://some.url./post-service/’

ab 命令help

Usage: ab [options] [http[s]://]hostname[:port]/path
Options are:-n requests     Number of requests to perform
    -c concurrency  Number of multiple requests to make at a time
    -t timelimit    Seconds to max. to spend on benchmarking
                    This implies -n 50000-s timeout      Seconds to max. wait for each response
                    Default is 30 seconds-b windowsize   Size of TCP send/receive buffer, in bytes
    -B address      Address to bind to when making outgoing connections
    -p postfile     File containing data to POST. Remember also to set -T
    -u putfile      File containing data to PUT. Remember also to set -T
    -T content-type Content-type header to use for POST/PUT data, eg.
                    'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'Default is 'text/plain'-v verbosity    How much troubleshooting info to print
    -w              Print out results in HTML tables
    -i              Use HEAD instead of GET
    -x attributes   String to insert as table attributes
    -y attributes   String to insert as tr attributes
    -z attributes   String to insert as td or th attributes
    -C attribute    Add cookie, eg. 'Apache=1234'. (repeatable)
    -H attribute    Add Arbitrary header line, eg. 'Accept-Encoding: gzip'
                    Inserted after all normal header lines. (repeatable)-A attribute    Add Basic WWW Authentication, the attributes
                    are a colon separated username and password.-P attribute    Add Basic Proxy Authentication, the attributes
                    are a colon separated username and password.-X proxy:port   Proxyserver and port number to use
    -V              Print version number and exit
    -k              Use HTTP KeepAlive feature
    -d              Do not show percentiles served table.
    -S              Do not show confidence estimators and warnings.
    -q              Do not show progress when doing more than 150 requests
    -l              Accept variable document length (use this for dynamic pages)
    -g filename     Output collected data to gnuplot format file.
    -e filename     Output CSV file with percentages served
    -r              Don't exit on socket receive errors.
    -m method       Method name
    -h              Display usage information (this message)
    -Z ciphersuite  Specify SSL/TLS cipher suite (See openssl ciphers)
    -f protocol     Specify SSL/TLS protocol
                    (SSL3, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2 or ALL)