qt opengl 加载3d模型（obj格式）

和一般c++程序加载3d模型一样，解读出数据内容，再用一个常规的着色程序就可以了。

我实现的效果如下，采用的免费模型

实现思路和前面的略有不同，就是把自己生成顶点、纹理、法线的过程变成从文件读取了。

我的obj文件如下

mtllib C:\Users\Animation\Desktop\XNALara\data\dummy\Vanquish - Augmented Reaction Suit\vanquish.mtl
g Model001_24_Vanquish_1.0_0.0_0.0
usemtl Model001_Material001
v 0.1132252 1.45228 0.0713402
vn 0.452102 0.483883 0.749307
vt 0.946289 0.365723

....

f -800/-800/-800 -810/-810/-810 -808/-808/-808
f -808/-808/-808 -799/-799/-799 -800/-800/-800
f -801/-801/-801 -800/-800/-800 -798/-798/-798
f -798/-798/-798 -802/-802/-802 -801/-801/-801
f -802/-802/-802 -798/-798/-798 -797/-797/-797
f -797/-797/-797 -803/-803/-803 -802/-802/-802
f -803/-803/-803 -797/-797/-797 -796/-796/-796

然后这里会有一个空行，下面的内容格式和上面保持一致，如此有几个循环

....

关于obj文件的介绍我就不说了，百度吧。

解析如下

bool ObjLoader::load(QString fileName, QVector<float> &vPoints,QVector<float> &tPoints,QVector<float> &nPoints)
{if(fileName.mid(fileName.lastIndexOf('.')) != ".obj"){qDebug() << "file is not a obj file";return false;}QFile objFile(fileName);if(!objFile.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)){qDebug() << "open" << fileName << "failed";return false;}QVector<float> vertextPoints,texturePoints,normalPoints;QVector<std::tuple<int,int,int>> facesIndexs;while (!objFile.atEnd()) {QByteArray lineData = objFile.readLine();lineData = lineData.remove(lineData.count() - 2,2);if(lineData.isEmpty()){for(auto &verFaceInfo : facesIndexs){int vIndex = std::get<0>(verFaceInfo);int tIndex = std::get<1>(verFaceInfo);int nIndex = std::get<2>(verFaceInfo);int vPointSizes = vertextPoints.count() / 3;int tPointSizes = texturePoints.count() / 2;int nPointSizes = normalPoints.count() / 3;vPoints << vertextPoints.at((vPointSizes + vIndex) * 3);vPoints << vertextPoints.at((vPointSizes + vIndex) * 3 + 1);vPoints << vertextPoints.at((vPointSizes + vIndex) * 3 + 2);tPoints << texturePoints.at((tPointSizes + tIndex) * 2);tPoints << texturePoints.at((tPointSizes + tIndex) * 2 + 1);nPoints << normalPoints.at((nPointSizes + nIndex) * 3);nPoints << normalPoints.at((nPointSizes + nIndex) * 3 + 1);nPoints << normalPoints.at((nPointSizes + nIndex) * 3 + 2);}vertextPoints.clear();texturePoints.clear();normalPoints.clear();facesIndexs.clear();continue;}QList<QByteArray> strValues = lineData.split(' ');QString dataType = strValues.takeFirst();if(dataType == "v"){std::transform(strValues.begin(),strValues.end(),std::back_inserter(vertextPoints),[](QByteArray &str){return str.toFloat();});}else if(dataType == "vt"){std::transform(strValues.begin(),strValues.end(),std::back_inserter(texturePoints),[](QByteArray &str){return str.toFloat();});}else if(dataType == "vn"){std::transform(strValues.begin(),strValues.end(),std::back_inserter(normalPoints),[](QByteArray &str){return str.toFloat();});}else if(dataType == "f"){std::transform(strValues.begin(),strValues.end(),std::back_inserter(facesIndexs),[](QByteArray &str){QList<QByteArray> intStr = str.split('/');return std::make_tuple(intStr.first().toInt(),intStr.at(1).toInt(),intStr.last().toInt());});}}objFile.close();
}

这样解析出来的数据就按顺序放入容器了，接下的步骤和前面一样的，写个常用渲染器，用就可以了

#ifndef GENERICRENDER_H
#define GENERICRENDER_H#include <QOpenGLShaderProgram>
#include <QOpenGLExtraFunctions>
#include <QOpenGLTexture>
#include <QOpenGLBuffer>
class GenericRender
{
public:GenericRender() = default;void initsize(QString filename,QImage &textureImg);void render(QOpenGLExtraFunctions *f,QMatrix4x4 &pMatrix,QMatrix4x4 &vMatrix,QMatrix4x4 &mMatrix,QVector3D &cameraLocation,QVector3D &lightCation);private:QOpenGLTexture *texture_{nullptr};QOpenGLBuffer vbo_;QOpenGLShaderProgram program_;QVector<float> vertPoints_,texturePoints_,normalPoints_;
};#endif // GENERICRENDER_H

#include "genericrender.h"
#include "utils/objloader.h"
void GenericRender::initsize(QString filename, QImage &textureImg)
{program_.addCacheableShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Vertex,"vsrc.vert");program_.addCacheableShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Fragment,"fsrc.frag");program_.link();ObjLoader objModelLoader;objModelLoader.load(filename,vertPoints_,texturePoints_,normalPoints_);QVector<float> points;points << vertPoints_ << texturePoints_ << normalPoints_;vbo_.create();vbo_.bind();vbo_.allocate(points.data(),points.count() * sizeof(float));texture_ = new QOpenGLTexture(textureImg);texture_->setWrapMode(QOpenGLTexture::ClampToEdge);texture_->setMinMagFilters(QOpenGLTexture::Nearest,QOpenGLTexture::Linear);
}void GenericRender::render(QOpenGLExtraFunctions *f, QMatrix4x4 &pMatrix, QMatrix4x4 &vMatrix, QMatrix4x4 &mMatrix, QVector3D &cameraLocation, QVector3D &lightCation)
{f->glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);program_.bind();vbo_.bind();f->glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0 + 0);program_.setUniformValue("uPMatrix",pMatrix);program_.setUniformValue("uVMatrix",vMatrix);program_.setUniformValue("uMMatrix",mMatrix);program_.setUniformValue("uLightLocation",lightCation);program_.setUniformValue("uCamera",cameraLocation);program_.setUniformValue("sTexture",0);program_.enableAttributeArray(0);program_.enableAttributeArray(1);program_.enableAttributeArray(2);program_.setAttributeBuffer(0,GL_FLOAT,0,3,3*sizeof(GLfloat));program_.setAttributeBuffer(1,GL_FLOAT,vertPoints_.count() * sizeof(GLfloat),2,2*sizeof(GLfloat));program_.setAttributeBuffer(2,GL_FLOAT,(vertPoints_.count() + texturePoints_.count()) * sizeof(GLfloat),3,3*sizeof(GLfloat));texture_->bind(0);f->glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES,0,vertPoints_.count()/3);program_.disableAttributeArray(0);program_.disableAttributeArray(1);program_.disableAttributeArray(2);texture_->release();vbo_.release();program_.release();f->glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
}

其shader如下

#version 330
uniform mat4 uPMatrix,uVMatrix,uMMatrix;
uniform vec3 uLightLocation,uCamera;
layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPosition;
layout (location = 1) in vec2 aTextureCoord;
layout (location = 2) in vec3 aNormal;
smooth out vec2 vTextureCood;
smooth out vec4 vAmbient;
smooth out vec4 vDiffuse;
smooth out vec4 vSpecular;void pointLight(in vec3 normal,inout vec4 ambient,inout vec4 diffuse,inout vec4 specular,in vec4 lightAmbient,in vec4 lightDiffuse,in vec4 lightSpecular,in float shininess){ambient = lightAmbient;vec3 normalTarget = aPosition + normal;vec3 newNormal = normalize((uMMatrix * vec4(normalTarget,1)).xyz - (uMMatrix * vec4(aPosition,1)).xyz);vec3 eye = normalize(uCamera - (uMMatrix * vec4(aPosition,1)).xyz);vec3 vp = normalize(uLightLocation - (uMMatrix * vec4(aPosition,1)).xyz);vec3 halfVector = normalize(eye + vp);float nDotViewPotision = max(0.0,dot(newNormal,vp));diffuse = lightDiffuse * nDotViewPotision;float nDotViewHalfVector = dot(newNormal,halfVector);float powerFactor = max(0.0,pow(nDotViewHalfVector,shininess));specular = lightSpecular * powerFactor;
}void main(void)
{gl_Position = uPMatrix * uVMatrix * uMMatrix * vec4(aPosition,1);vec4 ambient = vec4(0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0),diffuse = vec4(0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0),specular = vec4(0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0);pointLight(aNormal,ambient,diffuse,specular,vec4(0.6,0.6,0.6,1.0),vec4(0.8,0.8,0.8,1.0),vec4(0.9,0.9,0.9,1),50);vAmbient = ambient;vDiffuse = diffuse;vSpecular = specular;vTextureCood = aTextureCoord;
}

#version 330
uniform sampler2D sTexture;
in vec2 vTextureCood;
in vec4 vAmbient;
in vec4 vDiffuse;
in vec4 vSpecular;
out vec4 fragColor;void main(void)
{vec4 finalColor = texture2D(sTexture,vTextureCood);finalColor = finalColor * (vAmbient + vDiffuse + vSpecular);fragColor = finalColor;
}

在qwidget界面中调用如下

#ifndef WIDGET_H
#define WIDGET_H#include <QOpenGLWidget>
#include <QTimer>
#include "genericrender.h"class Widget : public QOpenGLWidget
{Q_OBJECTpublic:Widget(QWidget *parent = 0);~Widget();protected:void initializeGL() override;void resizeGL(int w,int h) override;void paintGL() override;private:GenericRender render_;QTimer tm_;QVector3D cameraLocation_,lightLocation_;QMatrix4x4 pMatrix_;qreal angleX_,angleY,anglZ_;private slots:void slotTimeout();
};#endif // WIDGET_H

#include "widget.h"
#include "utils/objloader.h"Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent): QOpenGLWidget(parent)
{connect(&tm_,SIGNAL(timeout()),this,SLOT(slotTimeout()));tm_.start(30);
}Widget::~Widget()
{}void Widget::initializeGL()
{render_.initsize("vanquish.obj",QImage("vanquish.jpg"));cameraLocation_.setX(0);cameraLocation_.setY(0);cameraLocation_.setZ(3);lightLocation_.setX(10);lightLocation_.setY(10);lightLocation_.setZ(1);
}void Widget::resizeGL(int w, int h)
{pMatrix_.setToIdentity();pMatrix_.perspective(45,float(w)/h,0.01f,100.0f);
}void Widget::paintGL()
{QOpenGLExtraFunctions *f = QOpenGLContext::currentContext()->extraFunctions();f->glClearColor(0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);f->glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);QMatrix4x4 vMatrix;vMatrix.lookAt(cameraLocation_,QVector3D(0,0,0),QVector3D(0,1,0));QMatrix4x4 mMatrix;mMatrix.translate(0,-0.8);
//    mMatrix.rotate(angleX_,1,0,0);mMatrix.rotate(angleY,0,1,0);
//    mMatrix.rotate(anglZ_,0,0,1);render_.render(f,pMatrix_,vMatrix,mMatrix,cameraLocation_,lightLocation_);
}void Widget::slotTimeout()
{angleX_ += 5;angleY += 5;anglZ_ += 5;update();
}

到此结束。

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