linux mock 构建

一、linux mock

mock是linux下创建chroot环境的工具，可以方便的进行RPM构建。

为什么要用mock？

mock可以支持跨操作系统的RPM构建，因为只要配置文件相同，mock可以在不同的操作系统上构建相同的隔离OS环境。比如在suse和rhel上构建出相同的Centos环境；
便于环境管理（类似于docker）。因为RPM构建过程中会有很多的buildrequires，直接在OS上构建会安装这些依赖，导致当前的环境非常混乱；而在mock中不涉及这个问题，编译完成后直接删除该mock环境就行（但其实整个过程比docker流程要重）。

mock的地址：https://github.com/rpm-software-management/mock/wiki

二、mock安装

预备：centos7 OS
对接yum源：请参照网上相关介绍，可对接阿里的yum源

安装，执行命令：

yum install -y mock
yum install -y rpm-build

注意，可能出错：

Transaction check error:file /etc/rpm/macros.ghc-srpm from install of redhat-rpm-config-9.1.0-72.el7.centos.noarch conflicts with file from package epel-release-6-8.noarch

解决办法：yum erase epel-release ，然后继续执行安装

安装完，查看mock版本：

[root@localhost Desktop]# mock --version
1.2.17

三、mock使用：

1、建议mock编译不要用root身份，这里为了方便，暂时将root用户加入mock组。

[root@test ~]# usermod -a -G mock root

2、mock的使用，需要准备相应的cfg文件，该文件会定义mock系统的规格。

在默认的路径/etc/mock下会存在众多的mock配置文件，如果需要在mock用户下执行的时候，需要将文件加入到mock组中。

[root@localhost mock]# chown root:mock /etc/mock/mock_leaning.cfg

3、生成配置文件/etc/mock/mock_learning.cfg（已对接阿里的yum镜像源）：

[root@localhost mock]# cat /etc/mock/mock_leaning.cfg
config_opts['root'] = 'mock_learning_centos7-x86_64'
config_opts['target_arch'] = 'x86_64'
config_opts['legal_host_arches'] = ('x86_64',)
config_opts['chroot_setup_cmd'] = 'install basesystem rpm-build python2-devel gcc make python-sqlalchemy python-webob ghostscript graphviz python-sphinx python-eventlet python-six python-pbr python3-pbr openstack-macros git yum-plugin-priorities rubygems'
config_opts['dist'] = 'el7'  # only useful for --resultdir variable subst
config_opts['releasever'] = '7'
config_opts['plugin_conf']['ccache_enable'] = False
config_opts['priorities.conf'] = """
[main]
enabled = 1
check_obsoletes = 1
"""config_opts['yum.conf'] = """
[main]
keepcache=1
debuglevel=2
reposdir=/dev/null
logfile=/var/log/yum.log
retries=20
obsoletes=1
gpgcheck=0
assumeyes=1
plugins=1
syslog_ident=mock
syslog_device=[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com
failovermethod=priority
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
"""

4、生成mock系统

[root@localhost mock]# cd /etc/mock/
[root@localhost mock]# ll | grep mock_leaning
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  3399 Sep 15 09:15 mock_leaning.cfg
[root@localhost mock]# mock -r mock_leaning.cfg --init
INFO: mock.py version 1.2.17 starting (python version = 2.7.5)...
Start: init plugins
INFO: selinux disabled
Finish: init plugins
Start: run
Start: clean chroot
Finish: clean chroot
Start: chroot init
INFO: calling preinit hooks
... ... （中间略）zip.x86_64 0:3.0-11.el7                                                                                 zlib.x86_64 0:1.2.7-17.el7                                                                              Complete!
Finish: yum install
Start: creating cache
Finish: creating cache
Finish: chroot init
INFO: Installed packages:
Finish: run

查看生成的mock os：

[root@localhost root]# cd /var/lib/mock/
[root@localhost mock]# du * -sh | grep mock_learning
693M    mock_learning_centos7-x86_64

5、chroot进去操作

[root@localhost root]# chroot .
bash-4.2# ls -al
total 36
dr-xr-xr-x 18 root root      4096 Sep 16 06:36 .
dr-xr-xr-x 18 root root      4096 Sep 16 06:36 ..
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root         7 Sep 16 06:00 bin -> usr/bin
dr-xr-xr-x  2 root root         6 Nov  5  2016 boot
drwx------  3 root mockbuild   88 Sep 16 06:03 builddir
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root      4096 Nov  5  2016 dev
drwxr-xr-x 52 root root      4096 Sep 16 06:03 etc
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root         6 Nov  5  2016 home
-rw-rw-r--  1 root root         0 Sep 16 06:03 .initialized
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root         7 Sep 16 06:00 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root         9 Sep 16 06:00 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root         6 Nov  5  2016 media
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root         6 Nov  5  2016 mnt
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root         6 Nov  5  2016 opt
drwxrwsr-x  2 root mockbuild 8192 Sep 16 06:54 proc
dr-xr-x---  2 root root        26 Sep 16 06:17 root
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root       122 Sep 16 06:02 run
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root         8 Sep 16 06:00 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root         6 Nov  5  2016 srv
drwxrwsr-x  2 root mockbuild    6 Sep 16 05:59 sys
drwxrwxrwt  8 root root       101 Sep 16 06:02 tmp
drwxr-xr-x 13 root root       143 Sep 16 06:00 usr
drwxr-xr-x 18 root root      4096 Sep 16 06:01 var
bash-4.2# pwd
/

6、退出时使用exit，或者执行ctrl+d

三、mock构建RPM：

mock最常用的方式就是打RPM包，现在测试mock去打python RPM包。

过程是：python tar.gz包->生成*.src.rpm ->执行mock命令打包

1、下载一个tox python包，并解压，下面的命令请确保对接了pip源（你也可以下载tar包拷贝上去）：

[root@localhost workspace]# pip download tox --no-binary :all:
... ... （中间打印略）
[root@localhost workspace]# tar -xf tox-2.8.2.tar.gz
[root@localhost workspace]# ll | grep tox
drwxr-xr-x 10 lanyyyy wheel    4096 Sep 16 07:45 tox-2.8.2
-rw-r--r--  1 root    root   471843 Sep 16 07:37 tox-2.8.2.tar.gz

2、生成src.rpm

（其实命令python setup.py bdist_rpm是可以直接生成最终的rpm，但是我们为了测试mock打包能力，取结果中的src.rpm即可）

[root@localhost workspace]# cd tox-2.8.2/
[root@localhost tox-2.8.2]# python setup.py bdist_rpm
running bdist_rpm
running egg_info
writing requirements to tox.egg-info/requires.txt
writing tox.egg-info/PKG-INFO
writing top-level names to tox.egg-info/top_level.txt
writing dependency_links to tox.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
writing entry points to tox.egg-info/entry_points.txt
reading manifest file 'tox.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
writing manifest file 'tox.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
creating build
... ...（中间略）
+ exit 0
Executing(--clean): /bin/sh -e /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.5J0i9M
+ umask 022
+ cd /home/lanyyyy/workspace/tox-2.8.2/build/bdist.linux-x86_64/rpm/BUILD
+ rm -rf tox-2.8.2
+ exit 0
moving build/bdist.linux-x86_64/rpm/SRPMS/tox-2.8.2-1.src.rpm -> dist
moving build/bdist.linux-x86_64/rpm/RPMS/noarch/tox-2.8.2-1.noarch.rpm -> dist

最后，可以看到src.rpm和rpm拷贝到了当前目录下的dist目录中

[root@localhost tox-2.8.2]# tree dist/
dist/
├── tox-2.8.2-1.noarch.rpm   # 我们是为了测试mock打rpm，故忽略该rpm
├── tox-2.8.2-1.src.rpm
└── tox-2.8.2.tar.gz0 directories, 3 files

3、使用mock打包：

[root@localhost tox-2.8.2]# pwd
/home/lanyyyy/workspace/tox-2.8.2
[root@localhost tox-2.8.2]# cd dist/
[root@localhost dist]# mock -r /etc/mock/mock_leaning.cfg rebuild tox-2.8.2-1.src.rpm
INFO: mock.py version 1.2.17 starting (python version = 2.7.5)...
Start: init plugins
INFO: selinux disabled
Finish: init plugins
Start: run
INFO: Start(tox-2.8.2-1.src.rpm)  Config(mock_learning_centos7-x86_64)
... ... （中间略）
+ exit 0
Finish: rpmbuild tox-2.8.2-1.src.rpm
Finish: build phase for tox-2.8.2-1.src.rpm
INFO: Done(tox-2.8.2-1.src.rpm) Config(mock_leaning) 1 minutes 16 seconds
INFO: Results and/or logs in: /var/lib/mock/mock_learning_centos7-x86_64/result
Finish: run
[root@localhost dist]# ls /var/lib/mock/mock_learning_centos7-x86_64/result
build.log  root.log  state.log  tox-2.8.2-1.noarch.rpm  tox-2.8.2-1.src.rpm

可以看到，在mock环境中的result目录下生成了tox的rpm包：

[root@localhost result]# cd /var/lib/mock/mock_learning_centos7-x86_64/result/
[root@localhost result]# rpm -qpl tox-2.8.2-1.noarch.rpm
/usr/bin/tox
/usr/bin/tox-quickstart
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox-2.8.2-py2.7.egg-info
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox-2.8.2-py2.7.egg-info/PKG-INFO
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox-2.8.2-py2.7.egg-info/SOURCES.txt
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox-2.8.2-py2.7.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox-2.8.2-py2.7.egg-info/entry_points.txt
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox-2.8.2-py2.7.egg-info/requires.txt
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox-2.8.2-py2.7.egg-info/top_level.txt
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox/__init__.py
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox/__init__.pyc
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox/__init__.pyo
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox/__main__.py
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox/__main__.pyc
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox/__main__.pyo
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox/_pytestplugin.py
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox/_pytestplugin.pyc
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox/_pytestplugin.pyo
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox/_quickstart.py
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox/_quickstart.pyc
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox/_quickstart.pyo
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox/_verlib.py
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox/_verlib.pyc
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox/_verlib.pyo
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox/config.py
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox/config.pyc
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox/config.pyo
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox/hookspecs.py
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox/hookspecs.pyc
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox/hookspecs.pyo
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox/interpreters.py
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox/interpreters.pyc
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox/interpreters.pyo
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox/result.py
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox/result.pyc
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox/result.pyo
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox/session.py
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox/session.pyc
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox/session.pyo
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox/venv.py
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox/venv.pyc
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tox/venv.pyo

[root@localhost result]# tox
bash: tox: command not found...
[root@localhost result]# rpm -ivh tox-2.8.2-1.
tox-2.8.2-1.noarch.rpm  tox-2.8.2-1.src.rpm
[root@localhost result]# rpm -ivh tox-2.8.2-1.noarch.rpm
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...1:tox-2.8.2-1                      ################################# [100%]
[root@localhost result]# tox
ERROR: toxini file 'tox.ini' not found

并且经过mock打出来的tox rpm是可以正常安装部署的

四、linux mock与python mock

很多时候，我们会将python的mock和linux的mock相混淆。前者用于python的单元测试，模拟函数。后者用于在linux下隔离出一个环境，进行编译构建。因此请不要混淆了。

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