安装环境
主机操作系统：windows 10
虚拟机VMware15
虚拟：OSCentOS-7.6

安装步骤：
一、添加Zabbix存储库
1.安装存储库配置包

`#rpm -ivh https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/4.2/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-4.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm```

2.在将运行Zabbix前端的系统中启用可选rpms的存储库
#yum-config-manager --enable rhel-7-server-optional-rpms

3.安装支持MySQL的Zabbix服务
#yum install zabbix-server-mysql
4.安装支持MySQL的Zabbix前端
#yum install zabbix-web-mysql
二、安装MySQL5.7数据库（没有特别说明均在root用户下）
1.卸载mariadb包
rpm -qa |grep mariadb #查看当前安装的mariadb的包
rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64 #卸载mariadb的包
2.下载并解压MySQL源码包
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz #从官网下载源码包
这里系统没有安装wget 可以用 yum 直接安装 yum install -y wget*
tar -xzvf mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz #解压源码包
mv mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
3.创建MySQL用户并对MySQL文件进行授权
groupadd mysql --创建mysql用户组组
useradd -r -g mysql mysql --创建mysql用户并添加到mysql用户组中
chown -R mysql.mysql mysql/ --将mysql目录访问权限赋为myql用户
4.创建MySQL配置文件
cat >>/etc/my.cnf <<EOF #写入配置文件
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
character_set_server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
#不区分大小写
lower_case_table_names = 1
sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
max_connections=5000
default-time_zone = '+8:00'
EOF
5.初始化数据库
touch /var/log/mysqld.log #创建日志文件并授权
chmod 777 /var/log/mysqld.log
chown mysql.mysql mysqld.log
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
6.查看初始化密码（mysql从5.7版本起不再支持简单密码，可以在实例初始化中看到密码）
cat /var/log/mysqld.log|grep root@localhost
7.执行如下操作开启MySQL服务，并设置相应权限
mkdir /var/run/mysqld
touch /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
chmod -R 777 /var/run/mysqld
chown -R mysql.mysql /var/run/mysqld
/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start #启动MySQL，提示缺失lib库，这里需要在文件/etc/ld.so.conf中添加一行/usr/lib64/mysql/
8.修改MySQL密码（修改后重新启动数据库才能生效！）
vim /etc/my.cnf #修改配置文件
skip-grant-tables #跳过密码认证
default_password_lifetime=360 #修改密码超时时间
不然修改密码之后密码会过期，会提示让你重新设置密码
You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p #登录MySQL（密码用刚刚从日志获取的密码）
mysql> use mysql #切换MySql数据库
mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string =password('root'), host = '%' where user = 'root'; #修改MySQL密码
mysql> flush privileges;
9.将MySQL加入环境变量
echo 'PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' >>/etc/profile #将MySQL二进制文件加入环境变量
ln -s usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /usr/local/mysql/bin/ 将MySQL的启动文件软连接到MySQL的环境变量中
10.进入数据库并创建zabbix数据库以及创建授权用户
mysql> create database zabbix character set utf8 collate utf8_bin;
mysql> grant all privileges on zabbix. to zabbix@localhost identified by 'zabbix'；
mysql> flush privileges;
11.编辑zabbix-server配置文件，修改以下参数为创建数据库时的信息，并重启zabbix-server
vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf
DBName=zabbix
DBHost=localhost
DBUser=zabbix
DBPassword=zabbix
创建pid文件（要与上文的配置文件路径一致）
touch /var/run/zabbix/zabbix_server.pid
chmod 777 /var/run/zabbix/zabbix_server.pid
启动zabbix-server
systemctl enable zabbix-server
systemctl start zabbix-server
12.将初始数据导入MySQL中
zcat /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql/create.sql.gz | mysql -uzabbix -p zabbix
三、安装Nginx
1.关掉防火墙和selinux
firewall-cmd --state
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disable/g' /etc/selinux/config
2.安装依赖
yum -y install wget vim lsof lrzsz pcre-devel zlib-devel make gd-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libxml2-devel bzip2-devel libcurl-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel mcrypt mhash net-snmp-devel
yum -y install gcc bison bison-devel openssl-devel readline-devel libedit-devel sqlite-devel freetype freetype-devel libevent-devel mysql-devel
3.配置Nginx的yum仓库
cat >>/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo <<EOF
[nginx]
name=nginx.repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/X86_64/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
skip_if_unavailable = 1
keepcache = 0
EOF
4.安装并启动Nginx
yum install nginx -y
systemctl start nginx
systemctl enable nginx
四、安装PHP
1.添加PHP用户
useradd -s /sbin/nologin php-fpm
2.安装PHP依赖库
yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make zlib zlib-devel pcre pcre-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers
3.编译安装php
wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/php/php-7.2.6.tar.gz
tar zxvf php-7.2.6.tar.gz
cd php-7.2.6
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --disable-ipv6 --with-pear --with-curl --enable-bcmath --enable-mbstring --enable-sockets --with-gd --with-libxml-dir=/usr/local --with-gettext
make && make install
echo $? #每执行完上条命令就运行一下，如果返回0，则执行成功
cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
4.更改PHP配置文件
sed -i 's/post_max_size = 8M/post_max_size = 32M/g' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's/upload_max_filesize = 2M/upload_max_filesize = 50M/g' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's/;date.timezone =/date.timezone =PRC/' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's/max_execution_time = 30/max_execution_time = 600/g' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's/max_input_time = 60/max_input_time = 600/g' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's/memory_limit = 128M/memory_limit = 256M/g' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's/; max_input_vars = 1000/max_input_vars = 10000/g' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
5.启动php-fpm
cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm -c /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini -y /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
五、安装zabbix-agent
yum install zabbix-agent
vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix-agentd.conf
Server和ServerActive分别代表zabbix的被动模式和主动模式，这里都填server端的IP
最后一行是开启脚本采集数据

六、安装zabbix-web
1.将zabbix的php源文件拷贝到网站目录上
cp -r /usr/share/zabbix/. /usr/share/nginx/html/
2.修改nginx配置
egrep -v '(^.#|^$)' /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name 192.168.149.128; (本机IP)
access_log /var/log/nginx/host.access.log main;
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
location ~ .php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/share/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}

3.授予zabbix-web目录权限并重启nginx
chmod -R 777 /etc/zabbix/web.
chmod -R 777 /usr/share/nginx/html/zabbix
systemctl restart nginx
4.在浏览器上访问192.168.149.129/setup.php开始安装zabbix-web(默认密码 Admin/zabbix)
欢迎界面

环境检查

数据库配置

服务器细节

安装总览

完成安装

登陆后界面

七、添加sqlserver模板（传送门 https://share.zabbix.com/databases/microsoft-sql-server/template-ms-sql-2012）
导入模板：

修改配置文件，在zabbix客户端的配置文件追加内容：
UserParameter=sqldatabasename.discovery,powershell -NoProfile -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -File E:\Program Files\Zabbix Agent\scripts\SQLBaseName_To_Zabbix.ps1

路径就是你脚本放置的地方

八、配置邮件告警
参考文档
https://blog.51cto.com/183530300/2089051

九、问题处理
Windows 客户端总是报无法报监控丢失，解决方案：在客户端的配置文件配置项Server添加本机IP

文章参考文档：https://blog.51cto.com/12970189/2374826