mongodb数据的导入导出备份恢复

数据的导出

• 语法格式 1

– #mongoexport [--host IP 地址 --port 端口 ]

-d 库名 -c 集合名 -f 字段名 1, 字段名 2

--type=csv

> 目录名 / 文件名 .csv

[root@host51 ~]# mongoexport --help

[root@host51 ~]# mkdir /mbak

[root@host51 ~]# mongoexport --host 192.168.4.51 --port 27051 -d ddsdb -c c2 -f name,school --type=csv > /mbak/c2.csv

2018-08-01T15:47:11.207+0800 connected to: 192.168.4.51:27051

2018-08-01T15:47:11.208+0800 exported 14 records

[root@host51 ~]# cat /mbak/c2.csv

name,school

bob,tarena

zhangsan,danei

张三,达外

jack,tarena

lilei,tarena

xiaoqiang,

tom,

php,

jj,

kk,

语法格式 2

– #mongoexport --host IP 地址 --port 端口

-d 库名 -c 集合名 -q ‘{ 条件 }’ -f 字段名 1 ,字段名 2 --type=csv > 目录名 / 文件名 .csv

注意:导出为 csv 格式必须使用 -f 指定字段名列表 !!!

[root@host51 ~]# mongoexport --host 192.168.4.51 --port 27051 -d ddsdb -c c2 --type=json > /mbak/c2.json

2018-08-01T15:51:48.273+0800 connected to: 192.168.4.51:27051

2018-08-01T15:51:48.275+0800 exported 14 records

[root@host51 ~]# cat /mbak/c2.json

{"_id":{"$oid":"5b61513d32bc8e678acd6f3f"},"name":"bob","school":"tarena"}

{"_id":{"$oid":"5b61519132bc8e678acd6f40"},"name":"zhangsan","school":"danei"}

{"_id":{"$oid":"5b6151b132bc8e678acd6f41"},"name":"张三","school":"达外"}

{"_id":{"$oid":"5b61526b32bc8e678acd6f42"},"name":"jack","school":"tarena","single":false}

{"_id":{"$oid":"5b6152ea32bc8e678acd6f43"},"name":"lilei","school":"tarena","single":false,"pay":null}

{"_id":{"$oid":"5b61553632bc8e678acd6f44"},"name":"xiaoqiang","like":["gril","eat","piao","sleep"]}

{"_id":{"$oid":"5b61559c32bc8e678acd6f45"},"name":"tom","xf":195}

{"_id":{"$oid":"5b6155ef32bc8e678acd6f46"},"name":"tom","xf":{"$numberLong":"4918"}}

{"_id":{"$oid":"5b61571c32bc8e678acd6f47"},"name":"php","code":{"$code":"function (){}"},"like":100000.0}

{"_id":{"$oid":"5b61590132bc8e678acd6f49"},"name":"jj","stu_id":{"$oid":"5b61590132bc8e678acd6f48"},"class":"nsd1804"}

{"_id":{"$oid":"5b6159bd32bc8e678acd6f4a"},"name":"kk","sr":"Wed Aug 01 2018 14:57:01 GMT+0800 (CST)"}

{"_id":{"$oid":"5b615d4e32bc8e678acd6f4b"},"ywzd":{"writer":"dmy","pay":68.0,"vers":"v2"}}

{"_id":{"$oid":"5b615e2d32bc8e678acd6f4c"},"tarena":{"address":"beijing","tell":8.888888e+06,"person":"harry"}}

{"_id":{"$oid":"5b615f4832bc8e678acd6f4d"},"jbname":"shell","rcode":{"$regex":".$","$options":""}}

[root@host51 ~]#

数据导入：

[root@host51 ~]# mongoimport --help

• 语法格式 1

– #mongoimport –host IP 地址 – port 端口 -d 库名 – c 集合名 --type=json 目录名 / 文件名 .json

> show dbs

admin 0.000GB

config 0.000GB

ddsdb 0.000GB

local 0.000GB

[root@host51 ~]# mongoimport --host 192.168.4.51 --port 27051 -d gamedb -c col --type=json /mbak/c2.json

2018-08-01T16:22:54.238+0800 connected to: 192.168.4.51:27051

2018-08-01T16:22:54.457+0800 imported 14 documents

[root@host51 ~]# mongoimport --host 192.168.4.51 --port 27051 -d gamedb -c stu --type=csv /mbak/c2.csv

2018-08-01T16:37:03.316+0800 error validating settings: must specify --fields, --fieldFile or --headerline to import this file type

2018-08-01T16:37:03.316+0800 try 'mongoimport --help' for more information

[root@host51 ~]# mongoimport --host 192.168.4.51 --port 27051 -d gamedb -c stu --headerline --type=csv /mbak/c2.csv

2018-08-01T16:38:18.720+0800 connected to: 192.168.4.51:27051

2018-08-01T16:38:18.804+0800 imported 14 documents

[root@host51 ~]# mongoimport --host 192.168.4.51 --port 27051 -d gamedb -c tea -f name,school --type=csv /mbak/c2.csv

2018-08-01T16:40:04.868+0800 connected to: 192.168.4.51:27051

2018-08-01T16:40:05.019+0800 imported 15 documents

• 语法格式 2

– #mongoimport –host IP 地址 – port 端口

-d 库名 – c 集合名

--type=csv --headerline [--drop] 目录名 / 文件名.csv

> db.tea.count()

[root@host51 ~]# mongoimport --host 192.168.4.51 --port 27051 -d gamedb -c tea -f name,school --type=csv --drop /mbak/c2.csv

2018-08-01T16:41:44.333+0800 connected to: 192.168.4.51:27051

2018-08-01T16:41:44.334+0800 dropping: gamedb.tea

2018-08-01T16:41:44.454+0800 imported 15 documents

> db.tea.count()

练习：

把系统文件（/etc/passwd) 存储到mongodb数据库里的userdb的coluser的集合里

> db.coluser.find()

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5b617485df5cbc631e0dc4bc"), "name" : "yaya", "password" : "x", "uid" : 1, "gid" : 1, "comment" : "my gril", "homedir" : "/home/yaya", "shell" : "/bin/bash" }

[root@host51 ~]# mongoexport --host 192.168.4.51 --port 27051 -d userdb -c coluser -f name,password,uid,gid,comment,homedir,shell --type=csv > /mbak/coluser.csv

2018-08-01T16:54:08.030+0800 connected to: 192.168.4.51:27051

2018-08-01T16:54:08.032+0800 exported 1 record

[root@host51 ~]# cat /mbak/coluser.csv

name,password,uid,gid,comment,homedir,shell

yaya,x,1,1,my gril,/home/yaya,/bin/bash

把 /etc/password/弄成/mbak/coluser.csv 一样的文件格式：

[root@host51 ~]# cp /etc/passwd /mbak/

[root@host51 ~]# cd /mbak/

[root@host51 mbak]# ls

c2.csv c2.json c3.json coluser.csv passwd

[root@host51 mbak]# sed -i 's/:/,/g' passwd

[root@host51 mbak]# head -2 passwd

root,x,0,0,root,/root,/bin/bash

bin,x,1,1,bin,/bin,/sbin/nologin

[root@host51 mbak]# sed -i '$r passwd' coluser.csv

[root@host51 mbak]# head -5 coluser.csv

name,password,uid,gid,comment,homedir,shell

yaya,x,1,1,my gril,/home/yaya,/bin/bash

root,x,0,0,root,/root,/bin/bash

bin,x,1,1,bin,/bin,/sbin/nologin

把文件导入到库里：

[root@host51 mbak]# mongoimport --host 192.168.4.51 --port 27051 -d userdb -c coluser --headerline --drop --type=csv /mbak/coluser.csv

2018-08-01T17:08:36.078+0800 connected to: 192.168.4.51:27051

2018-08-01T17:08:36.078+0800 dropping: userdb.coluser

2018-08-01T17:08:36.240+0800 imported 41 documents

> show dbs

admin 0.000GB

config 0.000GB

ddsdb 0.000GB

gamedb 0.000GB

local 0.000GB

userdb 0.000GB

> use userdb

switched to db userdb

> show tables

coluser

> db.coluser.find()

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5b6178943dd57015866eb75c"), "name" : "yaya", "password" : "x", "uid" : 1, "gid" : 1, "comment" : "my gril", "homedir" : "/home/yaya", "shell" : "/bin/bash" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5b6178943dd57015866eb75d

数据备份

• 备份数据所有库到当前目录下的 dump 目录下 //备份所有库所有表

# mongodump [ --host ip 地址 --port 端口 ]

[root@host51 mbak]# mongodump --host 192.168.4.51 --port 27051

[root@host51 mbak]# ls dump/ //在当前目录生成dump目录

admin ddsdb gamedb userdb

• 备份时指定备份的库和备份目录

# mongodump [ --host ip 地址 --port 端口 ] -d 数据库名 -c 集合名 -o 目录

目录无需事先创建备份时指定即可!!!

[root@host51 mbak]# mongodump --host 192.168.4.51 --port 27051 -d gamedb -c col

2018-08-01T17:37:20.674+0800 writing gamedb.col to

2018-08-01T17:37:20.675+0800 done dumping gamedb.col (14 documents)

[root@host51 mbak]# ls dump/gamedb/

col.bson col.metadata.json stu.bson stu.metadata.json tea.bson tea.metadata.json

[root@host51 mbak]# mongodump --host 192.168.4.51 --port 27051 -d gamedb -c stu /gamedbdir

2018-08-01T17:34:02.924+0800 positional arguments not allowed: [/gamedbdir]

2018-08-01T17:34:02.924+0800 try 'mongodump --help' for more information

[root@host51 mbak]# mkdir /gamedbdir

[root@host51 mbak]# mongodump --host 192.168.4.51 --port 27051 -d gamedb -c stu /gamedbdir

2018-08-01T17:34:46.646+0800 positional arguments not allowed: [/gamedbdir]

2018-08-01T17:34:46.646+0800 try 'mongodump --help' for more information

[root@host51 mbak]# mongodump --host 192.168.4.51 --port 27051 -d gamedb -c stu -o /bake

2018-08-01T17:36:10.018+0800 writing gamedb.stu to

2018-08-01T17:36:10.020+0800 done dumping gamedb.stu (14 documents)

[root@host51 mbak]# ls /bake/

gamedb

[root@host51 mbak]# ls /bake/gamedb/

stu.bson stu.metadata.json

• 查看 bson 文件内容

#bsondump ./dump/bbs/t1.bson

[root@host51 mbak]# bsondump ./dump/ddsdb/c2.bson