Cisco Packet Tracer思科模拟器路由器系统的备份与恢复

情境分析

没有路由器的IOS系统，是无法让路由器恢复到正常工作的状态，所以管理员只能从别的路由器上先备份IOS系统，再对无法正常工作的路由器进行系统的恢复。

所需设备：

（1）Cisco 2911路由器2台。

（2）带超级终端应用程序的PC机1台。

（3）安装好TFTP软件的PC机1台

（4）console配置线1条。

任务拓扑，如图3-4-1所示。

图3-4-1 路由器系统的备份与恢复拓扑图

路由器和PC机IP地址网络参数配置，如表3-4-1所示。

表3-4-1 交换机和PC机IP地址网络参数设置

设备	端口	IP	Mask
Router-A	G0/0	192.168.1.1	255.255.255.0
TFTP Server		192.168.1.10	255.255.255.0

步骤实现

步骤1：按照如图2-4-1所示，连接网络拓扑结构图。

步骤2：按照如表3-4-1所示，配置TFTP Server的IP地址、子网掩码。

步骤3：配置路由器A的主机名称和g0/0接口地址。

Router>Router>enRouter#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Router(config)#host Router-ARouter-A(config)#int g0/0Router-A(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0Router-A(config-if)#no shutRouter-A(config-if)#

步骤4：查看路由器的IOS系统。

Router-A#show flash:System flash directory:File Length Name/status3 33591768 c2900-universalk9-mz.SPA.151-4.M4.bin  这个是路由系统的版本号，复制下来等下要用2 28282 sigdef-category.xml1 227537 sigdef-default.xml[33847587 bytes used, 221896413 available, 255744000 total]249856K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)Router-A#

步骤5：备份路由器的IOS系统。

Router-A#copy flash: tftp:    回车Source filename []? c2900-universalk9-mz.SPA.151-4.M4.bin   把刚才查看的名字粘贴上去Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.1.10   要备份的路由的IPDestination filename [c2900-universalk9-mz.SPA.151-4.M4.bin]?Writing c2900-universalk9-mz.SPA.151-4.M4.bin....!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!![OK - 33591768 bytes]33591768 bytes copied in 3.546 secs (994640 bytes/sec)Router-A#

步骤6：在TFTP Server中查看备份好的路由器的IOS系统，如图3-4-2所示。

图3-4-2 tftp server界面

步骤7：将TFTP Server连接到版本的路由器上，如图3-4-3所示。

步骤8：恢复路由器的IOS系统，设置IP、nemask、default_gateway等参数，并输入tftpdnld，提示输入【y/n】，输入“y”回车。

Readonly ROMMON initializedBoot process failed...The system is unable to boot automatically. The BOOTenvironment variable needs to be set to a bootableimage.rommon 1 > IP_ADDRESS=192.168.1.1              ！必须要写rommon 2 > IP_SUBNET_MASK=255.255.255.0rommon 3 > DEFAULT_GATEWAY=192.168.1.1rommon 4 > TFTP_SERVER=192.168.1.10rommon 5 > TFTP_FILE=c2900-universalk9-mz.SPA.151-4.M4.binrommon 6 > tftpdnld    ！回车后，如果无法恢复，就再输入一次以上设置IP_ADDRESS: 192.168.1.1IP_SUBNET_MASK: 255.255.255.0DEFAULT_GATEWAY: 192.168.1.1TFTP_SERVER: 192.168.1.10TFTP_FILE: c2900-universalk9-mz.SPA.151-4.M4.binInvoke this command for disaster recovery only.WARNING: all existing data in all partitions on flash will be lost!Do you wish to continue? y/n: [n]:y

步骤9：此时系统会恢复IOS系统，完成后出现“rommon 7 >”。

program flash location 0x61f30000program flash location 0x61f40000program flash location 0x61f50000program flash location 0x61f60000program flash location 0x61f70000program flash location 0x61f80000program flash location 0x61f90000program flash location 0x61fa0000program flash location 0x61fb0000program flash location 0x61fc0000program flash location 0x61fd0000program flash location 0x61fe0000program flash location 0x61ff0000program flash location 0x62000000rommon 7 >

步骤10：在“rommon 7 > boot”后，并回车，路由器会正常进入系统。

rommon 7 > bootSystem Bootstrap, Version 15.1(4)M4, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Technical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupportCopyright (c) 2010 by cisco Systems, Inc.Total memory size = 512 MB - On-board = 512 MB, DIMM0 = 0 MBCISCO2911/K9 platform with 524288 Kbytes of main memoryMain memory is configured to 72/-1(On-board/DIMM0) bit mode with ECC disabledReadonly ROMMON initializedprogram load complete, entry point: 0x80803000, size: 0x1b340program load complete, entry point: 0x80803000, size: 0x1b340IOS Image Load Test___________________Digitally Signed Release Softwareprogram load complete, entry point: 0x81000000, size: 0x3bcd3d8Self decompressing the image :########################################################################## [OK]

步骤11：查看恢复后的IOS系统。

Router-B#show flash:System flash directory:File Length Name/status6 33591768 c2900-universalk9-mz.SPA.151-4.M4.bin[33591768 bytes used, 222152232 available, 255744000 total]249856K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)Router-B#

知识拓展

如果忘记设备密码或者是之前的管理员离职但没做好交接工作，导致新的管理员不知道设备密码时，就需要掌握删除设备密码的相关知识。

清除路由器密码

步骤1：在路由器启动时，按键盘上的【ctrl+break】组合键[右上角截图键旁边]，进入monitor模式下。

monitor: command "boot" aborted due to user interruptrommon 1 >

步骤2：输入“confreg 0x2142”后，并回车。

rommon 1 > confreg 0x2142

步骤3：输入“reset”后，并回车。

rommon 2 > resetSystem Bootstrap, Version 15.1(4)M4, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Technical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupportCopyright (c) 2010 by cisco Systems, Inc.Total memory size = 512 MB - On-board = 512 MB, DIMM0 = 0 MBCISCO2911/K9 platform with 524288 Kbytes of main memoryMain memory is configured to 72/-1(On-board/DIMM0) bit mode with ECC disabledReadonly ROMMON initializedprogram load complete, entry point: 0x80803000, size: 0x1b340program load complete, entry point: 0x80803000, size: 0x1b340IOS Image Load Test___________________Digitally Signed Release Softwareprogram load complete, entry point: 0x81000000, size: 0x3bcd3d8Self decompressing the image :########################################################################## [OK]

步骤4：修改寄存器到正常的数值。

router(config)#config-register 0x2102

步骤5：存盘重启路由器。

router#wrRouter#reloadProceed with reload? [confirm]System Bootstrap, Version 15.1(4)M4, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Technical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupportCopyright (c) 2010 by cisco Systems, Inc.Total memory size = 512 MB - On-board = 512 MB, DIMM0 = 0 MBCISCO2911/K9 platform with 524288 Kbytes of main memoryMain memory is configured to 72/-1(On-board/DIMM0) bit mode with ECC disabledReadonly ROMMON initializedprogram load complete, entry point: 0x80803000, size: 0x1b340program load complete, entry point: 0x80803000, size: 0x1b340IOS Image Load Test___________________Digitally Signed Release Softwareprogram load complete, entry point: 0x81000000, size: 0x3bcd3d8Self decompressing the image :########################################################################## [OK

学习小结

本实训介绍了路由器系统的备份与恢复，作为一名管理员，网络设备系统的备份与恢复是非常重要的，在恢复系统时，如果输入一次IP地址等参数无效，就需要再输入一次就可以达到想要的效果。

Router#show flash:      查看IOS系统System flash directory:
File  Length   Name/status3   33591768 c1900-universalk9-mz.SPA.151-4.M4.bin   系统名称 复制下来2   28282    sigdef-category.xml1   227537   sigdef-default.xml
[33847587 bytes used, 221896413 available, 255744000 total]
249856K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)Router#copy flash: tftp:   备份系统
Source filename []? c1900-universalk9-mz.SPA.151-4.M4.bin  备份的名称
Address or name of remote host []? 10.10.10.10    备份到哪个地址
Destination filename [c1900-universalk9-mz.SPA.151-4.M4.bin]? 确定备份回车 Writing c1900-universalk9-mz.SPA 等待配置

每日一言：

虽有遗憾，绝不后悔。 --古剑奇谭