程序员 需要什么ssd固态

Solid State Drives (SSDs) are the lighting fast counterpart to the traditional hard drive with moving parts. But are they a good match for you? Read on as we demystify SSDs.

固态驱动器(SSD)是具有移动部件的传统硬盘驱动器的快速照明替代品。 但是它们对您来说很合适吗？ 在我们揭开SSD神秘面纱之前，请继续阅读。

The last few years have seen a marked increase in the availability of SSDs. They’ve also shown a dramatic decrease in price, even though they’re still costlier than traditional drives. What is an SSD? In what ways do you benefit the most from paying the premium for an SSD? What, if anything, do you need to do differently with an SSD? Read on as we cut through haze surrounding Solid State Drives.

在过去的几年中，SSD的可用性显着增加。 尽管它们仍然比传统驱动器贵，但它们的价格也显着下降。 什么是SSD？ 您为SSD支付溢价会从哪些方面获得最大利益？ 您需要对SSD做些什么(如果有的话)？ 继续阅读有关固态驱动器的阴霾时，请继续阅读。

什么是固态硬盘？ (What Is a Solid State Drive?)

This might be hard to believe, but Solid State Drives are actually fairly old technology. SSDs have been around for decades in various forms. The earliest were RAM-based and were so cost-prohibitive as to make appearances only in ultra high-end and super computers. In the 1990s, Flash-based SSDs made an appearance but were still far too expensive for the consumer market and made hardly a blip outside of specialized computing circles. Throughout the 2000s, the price of flash memory continued to fall, and by the end of the decade, consumer Solid State Drives were making inroads in the personal computer market.

这可能让人难以置信，但是固态硬盘实际上是相当老的技术。 固态硬盘以各种形式出现了数十年。 最早的产品是基于RAM的产品，而且价格昂贵，以至于只能在超高端和超级计算机中出现。 在1990年代，基于闪存的SSD出现了，但对于消费者市场而言仍然太贵了，几乎没有在专业计算界之外大放异彩。 在整个2000年代，闪存的价格持续下降，并且到本世纪末，消费类固态硬盘已进入个人计算机市场。

So what exactly is a Solid State Drive? First let’s go over what a traditional Hard Disk Drive (HDD) is. An HDD is, at its most simple, a set of metal platters coated with a ferromagnetic material. Those platters spin on a spindle (much like a record spins on a turn table). The surface of the magnetic platters is written to by a tiny little mechanical arm (the actuator arm) with a very fine tip (the head). Data is stored by changing the polarity of the magnetic bits on the surface of the platters. It is, of course, quite a bit more complicated than that, but suffice to say that the analogy of an automatic record player arm seeking out a track on a record is not far flung from the actuator arm and head of a HDD seeking out data. When you want to write or read data from a magnetic HDD, the platters spin, the head seeks, and the data is located. It’s as much a mechanical process as it is a digital one.

那么，什么是固态硬盘？ 首先让我们看一下传统的硬盘驱动器(HDD)。 最简单的说，HDD是一组涂有铁磁材料的金属盘。 这些盘片在主轴上旋转(很像唱片在转盘上旋转)。 磁盘的表面由一个很小的机械臂(执行器臂)写入，该机械臂的尖端非常细(头部)。 通过改变盘片表面的磁性位的极性来存储数据。 当然，它要比这复杂得多，但是可以说，自动电唱机手臂在记录中寻找音轨的类比离执行器手臂和HDD磁头寻找数据不远。 。 当您要从磁性HDD写入或读取数据时，磁盘旋转，磁头搜寻，并找到数据。 数字化既是机械过程，又是数字过程。

Solid State Drives, by contrast, have no moving parts. Although the scale is different and the size of the storage significantly larger, an SSD shares so much more in common with a simple, portable flash drive than it does with a mechanical HDD (and certainly far more than it ever would with a record player!). The vast majority of SSDs on the market are of the NAND variety, a type of non-volatile memory that doesn’t require electricity to maintain data storage capacity (unlike the RAM in your computer, which loses its stored data as soon as the power goes off). NAND memory also provides a significant increase in speed over mechanical hard drives, as the time wasted spinning up and seeking is removed from the equation.

相比之下，固态驱动器没有活动部件。 尽管规模不尽相同，而且存储空间大得多，但SSD与简单的便携式闪存驱动器相比，在机械硬盘上的共享要多得多(当然，与电唱机相比，共享的共享空间也要多得多)！ )。 市场上的绝大多数SSD都是NAND类型的，这是一种非易失性存储器，不需要电力来维持数据存储容量(与您计算机中的RAM不同，该RAM会在电源关闭时立即丢失其存储的数据)熄灭)。 NAND存储器还比机械硬盘驱动器显着提高了速度，因为浪费的时间越来越多，寻找过程从方程式中消除了。

比较固态硬盘与传统硬盘 (Comparing Solid State Drives to Traditional Hard Drives)

It’s all well and good to have a handle on how SSDs work, it’s more helpful to compare them to the traditional hard drives you’ve been using for years now. Let’s look at a few key differences in a point-by-point comparison.

了解SSD的工作原理很好，将它们与您多年来使用的传统硬盘进行比较会更有帮助。 让我们看一下逐点比较中的一些关键差异。

Spin-up Time: SSDs have no spin up time, since the drive has no moving parts. HDDs have varying spin up times—usually a few seconds—when you hear a click-whirrrrrr for a moment or two when booting your computer or accessing an infrequently-used drive.

加速时间 ：由于驱动器没有活动部件，因此SSD没有加速时间。 当启动计算机或访问不常用的驱动器时，听到一两声咔嗒声时，HDD的旋转时间会有所不同(通常为几秒钟)。

Data Access Time and Latency: SSDs are lighting fast and generally seek on an order of 80-100 times faster than HDDs. By skipping the mechanical spin and seek routine, SSDs access data almost instantly wherever it is on the disk. HDDs are hampered by the physical movement of the armature and the spinning of the platters.

数据访问时间和延迟 ：SSD的发光速度很快，通常查找速度比HDD快80-100倍。 通过跳过机械旋转和搜索程序，SSD几乎可以在磁盘上的任何位置即时访问数据。 HDD受电枢的物理运动和盘片旋转的阻碍。

Noise: SSDs are silent; no moving parts means no noise. HDDs range from pretty-darn-quiet to very-clumsy-click-beetle levels of sound.

噪音 ：SSD静音。 没有活动部件就意味着没有噪音。 HDD的范围从相当安静的声音到非常笨拙的单击甲壳虫的声音级别。

Reliability: Individual manufacturing issues aside (bad drives, firmware issues, etc.), SSD drives come out ahead in the physical reliability department. The vast majority of HDD failures are a result of mechanical failure. At some point, after tens of thousands of hours of operation, a mechanical drive will simply wear out. In terms of read/write life, however, HDDs win (there is no write limit on a magnetic disk, you can change the polarity and indefinite number of times).

可靠性 ：除了个别制造问题(坏驱动器，固件问题等)，SSD驱动器在物理可靠性部门中遥遥领先。 绝大多数HDD故障是机械故障的结果。 在某些情况下，经过数万小时的运行，机械驱动器将完全磨损。 但是，就读/写寿命而言，HDD胜出(磁盘上没有写限制，您可以更改极性和不确定的次数)。

Conversely, SSDs have a finite number of write cycles. This limited-write-cycle issue is much trumpeted by people decrying SSDs, but the reality is that the average computer user would be hard pressed to hit the ceiling of read-write cycles on a SSD. Modern SSDs like the Samsung EVO 850 (one of the more popular SSD lines), for example, can handle hundreds of TiBs of data written over a few decades of use—more use than most people will put a drive to.

相反，SSD具有有限数量的写周期。 人们对SSD的要求很高，这个写周期有限的问题大受吹捧，但现实情况是，普通计算机用户将很难被迫达到SSD读写周期的上限。 例如，诸如三星EVO 850(较受欢迎的SSD系列之一)之类的现代SSD可以处理数十年使用中写入的数百TiB数据，这比大多数人想要使用的驱动器要多。

Additionally, SSD drives have a pretty neat-o feature; when the sectors of the NAND modules reach the end of their write-cycle, they become read only. The drive then reads the data from the failed sector and rewrites it to a new portion of the disk. This typically gives you plenty of time to backup your data and procure a new drive.

此外，SSD驱动器具有非常简洁的功能。 当NAND模块的扇区达到其写周期的末尾时，它们将变为只读状态。 然后，驱动器从发生故障的扇区读取数据，并将其重写到磁盘的新部分。 通常，这将为您提供大量时间来备份数据并购买新驱动器。

Power Consumption: SSD drives consume 30-60% less energy than traditional HDDs. Saving an odd 6 or 10 watts here and there doesn’t seem like a lot, but over the course of a year or two on a heavily used machine, it adds up.

功耗 ：SSD驱动器的能耗比传统HDD少30-60％。 在这里和那里节省奇数的6或10瓦功率似乎并不多，但是在一台频繁使用的机器上经过一两年的时间，它的总和就增加了。

Cost: SSD are not as cheap as HDDs. As of the writing of this article (late 2017), traditional HDD prices have fallen to less than a nickel per GB of data. That’s astonishingly cheap by historical standards. SSDs are much cheaper than even in the past few years. Depending on the size and model, expect to pay anywhere between $0.20-$0.30 per GB (again as of late 2017). While still more expensive than HDDs, picking up an SSD for use as your main drive is hardly exorbitant.

成本 ：SSD不如HDD便宜。 截至本文撰写时(2017年末)，传统HDD价格已降至每GB数据不到一分钱。 按照历史标准，这真是太便宜了。 SSD甚至比过去几年便宜得多。 根据大小和型号的不同，预计每GB的价格在$ 0.20- $ 0.30之间(从2017年底开始)。 虽然仍然比HDD贵，但选择SSD作为主驱动器几乎不嫌贵。

One thing to note is that the price of SSDs tends to rise more dramatically at higher capacities. For example, you can typically pick up a 256 GB SSD for around $100, a 500 GB for around $150, and a 1 TB for under $300. However, 2 TB drives start hitting around $700 and 4 TB twice that. For this reason, a lot of people pick up a smaller SSD to use as a system drive (where Windows and many apps and games are installed), along with a bigger, less expensive HDD for file storage.

需要注意的一件事是，随着容量的增加，SSD的价格往往会急剧上升。 例如，您通常可以以100美元左右的价格购买256 GB的SSD，以150美元左右的价格购买500 GB，以300美元以下的价格购买1 TB。 但是，2 TB驱动器的价格约为700美元，而4 TB驱动器的价格则是其两倍。 因此，许多人选择了较小的SSD用作系统驱动器(已安装Windows和许多应用程序和游戏)，以及更大，更便宜的HDD用于文件存储。

固态驱动器的维护和供给 (The Care and Feeding of a Solid State Drive)

In so far as running your operating system, saving data, and interacting with your computer goes, the only differences you’ll really notice while running a SSD drive are the increase in speed and the decrease in noise. When it comes to taking care of your drive, however, there are a few rules of critical importance.

就运行操作系统，保存数据以及与计算机进行交互而言，运行SSD驱动器时，您真正会发现的唯一区别就是速度的提高和噪音的减少。 但是，在维护驱动器方面，有一些至关重要的规则。

Don’t defragment your drive. Defragmentation is useless on a SSD, and it decreases the lifespan. Defragmentation is a technique that brings the pieces of files closer together and optimizes their placement on the platters of HDDs to decrease the seek time and the wear and tear on the disk. SSDs have no platters and have a nearly instantaneous seek time. All defragging them does is chew up more of your write cycles. By default, defragmentation is disabled for SSDs in Windows.

不要对驱动器进行碎片整理。 碎片整理在SSD上是无用的，并且会缩短使用寿命。 碎片整理是一种技术，可以将文件片段紧密结合在一起，并优化它们在HDD盘片上的放置，以减少查找时间和磁盘上的磨损。 SSD没有盘片，几乎具有瞬时搜索时间。 对它们执行的所有碎片整理操作会消耗更多的写入周期。 默认情况下，Windows中的SSD禁用碎片整理功能。

Turn off Indexing Services: If your OS rocks any sort of search-supplementation tool like an Indexing Service (Windows does), turn it off. The read time is so fast on SSDs that you don’t really need to build a file index and the actual process of indexing the drive and writing the index is slow on SSDs.

关闭Indexing Services ：如果您的操作系统像Indexing Service (Windows一样)动摇了任何形式的搜索补充工具，请将其关闭。 在SSD上读取时间是如此之快，以至于您实际上并不需要建立文件索引，而在SSD上为驱动器建立索引和写入索引的实际过程很慢。

Your OS should support TRIM. The TRIM command allows your OS to communicate with your SSD drive and tell it which blocks are no longer in use (and are thus clear for wiping). Without the TRIM command taking care of some housekeeping on your SSD, the performance will rapidly degrade. Modern versions of Windows (7 and up), macOS (10.6.6 and up), and most Linux implementations (Linux Kernel 2.6.33+), support the TRIM command. While registry hacks and supplementary programs exist for modifying earlier OS versions like Windows XP to semi-support the TRIM command, there is no native support. Your SSD should be paired with a modern OS for maximum performance.

您的操作系统应支持TRIM 。 TRIM命令允许您的操作系统与SSD驱动器进行通信，并告诉它哪些块不再使用(因此可以清除以清除)。 如果不使用TRIM命令来处理SSD上的某些内务处理，性能将Swift下降。 Windows(7及更高版本)，macOS(10.6.6及更高版本)和大多数Linux实现(Linux内核2.6.33+)的现代版本均支持TRIM命令。 尽管存在用于修改早期操作系统版本(例如Windows XP)以半支持TRIM命令的注册表黑客和补充程序，但没有本机支持。 您的SSD应该与现代OS配对以实现最佳性能。

Leave a portion of the disk empty. Check the specs for your drive for specifics. Most manufacturers recommend keeping 10-20% of the drive empty. This empty space is there to assist the leveling algorithms (they redistribute the data across the NAND modules to minimize the total wear on the drive and ensure a long life and optimum drive performance). Too little space and the leveling algorithms work over time and prematurely wear on the drive.

将磁盘的一部分留空 。 检查驱动器的规格以了解详细信息。 大多数制造商建议保留10-20％的驱动器为空。 该空白空间可用于辅助均衡算法(它们在NAND模块之间重新分配数据，以最大程度地减少驱动器上的总磨损并确保较长的使用寿命和最佳的驱动器性能)。 空间太小，调平算法会随着时间的推移而工作，并且过早地磨损了驱动器。

Store media on a second drive: Until larger SSDs drop radically in price, it makes no sense to store your massive media files on your expensive SSD. If you’re storing multiple TB of data, pick up a large traditional HDD to use as secondary drive if possible.

将媒体存储在第二个驱动器上 ：在大型SSD的价格急剧下降之前，将大量媒体文件存储在昂贵的SSD上是没有意义的。 如果要存储多个TB的数据，请尽可能使用一个较大的传统HDD作为辅助驱动器。

Invest in RAM: Compared to the cost of SSDs, RAM is cheap. The more RAM you have, the fewer writes-to-disk you’ll have on your SSD. You’ll extend the life of your pricey SSD by ensuring your system has adequate RAM installed.

投资RAM ：与SSD的成本相比，RAM便宜。 您拥有的RAM越多，对SSD的磁盘写操作就越少。 通过确保系统已安装足够的RAM，可以延长昂贵的SSD的寿命。

固态硬盘适合我吗？ (Is a Solid State Drive for Me?)

At this point, you’ve got a history lesson, a point-by-point comparison, and some tips for keeping your SSD in tip-top shape, but is an SSD for you? Check all that apply and get ready to bust out your credit card:

至此，您将获得历史课程，逐点比较以及一些使SSD保持最佳状态的提示，但是SSD是否适合您？ 检查所有适用的内容并准备破产信用卡：

• You want nearly instant boot times: You can go from a cold boot to browsing the web in a matter of seconds with an SSD; the same window is often minutes with a traditional HDD.

  您需要几乎即时的启动时间 ：您可以使用SSD从冷启动到在几秒钟内浏览网页。 传统的HDD通常只有几分钟的时间。

• You want extremely fast access for general applications and gaming: We’ve said it many times already but SSDs are blistering fast. You’ll see a dramatic speed boost to anything that requires loading from disk. This means, starting apps and games, loading big files, and loading new levels within a game all go much faster.

  您希望对一般应用程序和游戏具有极高的访问速度 ：我们已经说过很多次了，但是SSD却起泡Swift。 对于需要从磁盘加载的任何内容，您都会看到惊人的速度提升。 这意味着启动应用程序和游戏，加载大文件以及在游戏中加载新关卡的速度都大大提高了。

• You want a quieter and less power-hungry computer: As highlighted above, SSDs are silent and use significantly less power.

  您需要一台更安静，耗电更少的计算机 ：如上面突出显示的那样，SSD处于静音状态，并且耗电量大大减少。

• You’re able to use two drives; one for your OS and one for your media: Unless you’re storing just a handful of family pictures and a CD rip or two, you’ll need a more affordable traditional HDD to store your big files.

  您可以使用两个驱动器； 一个用于您的操作系统，一个用于媒体 ：除非您仅存储少量的全家福和一两张CD翻录，否则您将需要一个价格更实惠的传统HDD来存储大文件。

• You’re willing to pay extra for the benefits of rocking an SSD: SSDs are cheaper than they’ve ever been and are by no means outside the reach of even budget systems. But, they do still cost more than traditional SSDs.

  您愿意为摇摆SSD的好处付出额外的代价 ：SSD比以前便宜，而且绝不是预算系统所无法承受的。 但是，它们的价格仍然比传统SSD高。

If your checklist looks more full than empty and paying a bit extra is no big deal, then congratulations—it looks like an SSD is in your future!

如果您的清单看起来比空的要满，并且多付一点钱没什么大不了的，那么恭喜您-看起来SSD在您的未来！

Have your own SSD experiences, tips, or tricks to add? Let’s hear about them in the comments. Questions? We want to hear those too!

有您自己的SSD体验，技巧或窍门吗？ 让我们在评论中了解它们。 有什么问题吗 我们也想听听！

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/howto/45359/htg-explains-whats-a-solid-state-drive-and-what-do-i-need-to-know/

程序员 需要什么ssd固态