1 DSL查询分类

1.1 DSL Query的分类

Elasticsearch提供了基于JSON的DSL(Domain Specific Language)来定义查询。常见的查询类型包括：

  • 查询所有：查询出所有数据，一般测试用。例如：match_all
  • 全文检索(full text)查询：利用分词器对用户输入内容分词，然后去倒排索引库中匹配。例如：
    • match_query
    • multi_match_query
  • 精确查询：根据精确词条值查找数据，一般是查找keyword、数值、日期、boolean等类型字段。例如：
    • ids
    • range
    • term
  • 地理(geo)查询：根据经纬度查询。例如：
    • geo_distance
    • geo_bounding_box
  • 复合(compound)查询：复合查询可以将上述各种查询条件组合起来，合并查询条件。例如：
    • bool
    • function_score

1.2 DSL Query基本语法

我们以查询所有为例，其中：

  • 查询类型为match_all
  • 没有查询条件


查询的语法基本一致，其它查询无非就是查询类型、查询条件的变化。

2 全文检索查询

2.1 使用场景

  1. 全文检索查询的基本流程如下：

    • 对用户搜索的内容做分词，得到词条
    • 根据词条去倒排索引库中匹配，得到文档id
    • 根据文档id找到文档，返回给用户
  2. 比较常用的场景包括：
    • 商城的输入框搜索
    • 百度输入框搜索
  3. 例如
  4. 因为是拿着词条去匹配，因此参与搜索的字段也必须是可分词的text类型的字段。

2.2 基本语法

  1. 常见的全文检索查询包括：

    • match查询：单字段查询
    • multi_match查询：多字段查询，任意一个字段符合条件就算符合查询条件
  2. 语法

2.3 示例

  1. match查询示例
点击查看代码
 
{"took" : 0,"timed_out" : false,"_shards" : {"total" : 1,"successful" : 1,"skipped" : 0,"failed" : 0},"hits" : {"total" : {"value" : 3,"relation" : "eq"},"max_score" : 4.4094586,"hits" : [{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "60487","_score" : 4.4094586,"_source" : {"address" : "黄浦路199号","brand" : "君悦","business" : "外滩地区","city" : "上海","id" : 60487,"location" : "31.245409, 121.492969","name" : "上海外滩茂悦大酒店","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb3/s1/2n9c/2Swp2h1fdj9zCUKsk63BQvVgKLTo_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 689,"score" : 44,"starName" : "五星级"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "434082","_score" : 3.5042057,"_source" : {"address" : "复兴东路260号","brand" : "如家","business" : "豫园地区","city" : "上海","id" : 434082,"location" : "31.220706, 121.498769","name" : "如家酒店·neo(上海外滩城隍庙小南门地铁站店)","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb2/t1/G6/M00/52/B6/Cii-U13eXLGIdHFzAAIG-5cEwDEAAGRfQNNIV0AAgcT627_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 392,"score" : 44,"starName" : "二钻"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "432335","_score" : 3.1362786,"_source" : {"address" : "唐山路145号","brand" : "7天酒店","business" : "北外滩地区","city" : "上海","id" : 432335,"location" : "31.252585, 121.498753","name" : "7天连锁酒店(上海北外滩国际客运中心地铁站店)","pic" : "https://m2.tuniucdn.com/filebroker/cdn/res/c1/ba/c1baf64418437c56617f89840c6411ef_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 249,"score" : 35,"starName" : "二钻"}}]}
}

点击查看代码
 
{"took" : 248,"timed_out" : false,"_shards" : {"total" : 1,"successful" : 1,"skipped" : 0,"failed" : 0},"hits" : {"total" : {"value" : 32,"relation" : "eq"},"max_score" : 5.82968,"hits" : [{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "434082","_score" : 5.82968,"_source" : {"address" : "复兴东路260号","brand" : "如家","business" : "豫园地区","city" : "上海","id" : 434082,"location" : "31.220706, 121.498769","name" : "如家酒店·neo(上海外滩城隍庙小南门地铁站店)","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb2/t1/G6/M00/52/B6/Cii-U13eXLGIdHFzAAIG-5cEwDEAAGRfQNNIV0AAgcT627_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 392,"score" : 44,"starName" : "二钻"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "60487","_score" : 4.4094586,"_source" : {"address" : "黄浦路199号","brand" : "君悦","business" : "外滩地区","city" : "上海","id" : 60487,"location" : "31.245409, 121.492969","name" : "上海外滩茂悦大酒店","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb3/s1/2n9c/2Swp2h1fdj9zCUKsk63BQvVgKLTo_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 689,"score" : 44,"starName" : "五星级"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "432335","_score" : 3.1362786,"_source" : {"address" : "唐山路145号","brand" : "7天酒店","business" : "北外滩地区","city" : "上海","id" : 432335,"location" : "31.252585, 121.498753","name" : "7天连锁酒店(上海北外滩国际客运中心地铁站店)","pic" : "https://m2.tuniucdn.com/filebroker/cdn/res/c1/ba/c1baf64418437c56617f89840c6411ef_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 249,"score" : 35,"starName" : "二钻"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "339952837","_score" : 2.7994788,"_source" : {"address" : "良乡西路7号","brand" : "如家","business" : "房山风景区","city" : "北京","id" : 339952837,"location" : "39.73167, 116.132482","name" : "如家酒店(北京良乡西路店)","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb3/s1/2n9c/3Dpgf5RTTzrxpeN5y3RLnRVtxMEA_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 159,"score" : 46,"starName" : "二钻"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "2359697","_score" : 2.7299232,"_source" : {"address" : "清河小营安宁庄东路18号20号楼","brand" : "如家","business" : "上地产业园/西三旗","city" : "北京","id" : 2359697,"location" : "40.041322, 116.333316","name" : "如家酒店(北京上地安宁庄东路店)","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb3/s1/2n9c/2wj2f8mo9WZQCmzm51cwkZ9zvyp8_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 420,"score" : 46,"starName" : "二钻"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "1455383931","_score" : 2.7299232,"_source" : {"address" : "西乡河西金雅新苑34栋","brand" : "如家","business" : "宝安商业区","city" : "深圳","id" : 1455383931,"location" : "22.590272, 113.881933","name" : "如家酒店(深圳宝安客运中心站店)","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb3/s1/2n9c/2w9cbbpzjjsyd2wRhFrnUpBMT8b4_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 169,"score" : 45,"starName" : "二钻"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "728180","_score" : 2.6637402,"_source" : {"address" : "西乡大道298-7号(富通城二期公交站旁)","brand" : "如家","business" : "宝安体育中心商圈","city" : "深圳","id" : 728180,"location" : "22.569693, 113.860186","name" : "如家酒店(深圳宝安西乡地铁站店)","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb3/s1/2n9c/FHdugqgUgYLPMoC4u4rdTbAPrVF_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 184,"score" : 43,"starName" : "二钻"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "2316304","_score" : 2.6637402,"_source" : {"address" : "龙岗街道龙岗墟社区龙平东路62号","brand" : "如家","business" : "龙岗中心区/大运新城","city" : "深圳","id" : 2316304,"location" : "22.730828, 114.278337","name" : "如家酒店(深圳双龙地铁站店)","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb3/s1/2n9c/4AzEoQ44awd1D2g95a6XDtJf3dkw_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 135,"score" : 45,"starName" : "二钻"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "1765008760","_score" : 2.6637402,"_source" : {"address" : "西直门北大街49号","brand" : "如家","business" : "西直门/北京展览馆地区","city" : "北京","id" : 1765008760,"location" : "39.945106, 116.353827","name" : "如家酒店(北京西直门北京北站店)","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb3/s1/2n9c/4CLwbCE9346jYn7nFsJTQXuBExTJ_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 356,"score" : 44,"starName" : "二钻"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "416121","_score" : 2.6006904,"_source" : {"address" : "莲花池东路120-2号6层","brand" : "如家","business" : "北京西站/丽泽商务区","city" : "北京","id" : 416121,"location" : "39.896449, 116.317382","name" : "如家酒店(北京西客站北广场店)","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb3/s1/2n9c/42DTRnKbiYoiGFVzrV9ZJUxNbvRo_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 275,"score" : 43,"starName" : "二钻"}}]}
}
  1. multi_match查询示例
点击查看代码
 
{"took" : 163,"timed_out" : false,"_shards" : {"total" : 1,"successful" : 1,"skipped" : 0,"failed" : 0},"hits" : {"total" : {"value" : 32,"relation" : "eq"},"max_score" : 4.6828966,"hits" : [{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "434082","_score" : 4.6828966,"_source" : {"address" : "复兴东路260号","brand" : "如家","business" : "豫园地区","city" : "上海","id" : 434082,"location" : "31.220706, 121.498769","name" : "如家酒店·neo(上海外滩城隍庙小南门地铁站店)","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb2/t1/G6/M00/52/B6/Cii-U13eXLGIdHFzAAIG-5cEwDEAAGRfQNNIV0AAgcT627_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 392,"score" : 44,"starName" : "二钻"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "60487","_score" : 4.5087996,"_source" : {"address" : "黄浦路199号","brand" : "君悦","business" : "外滩地区","city" : "上海","id" : 60487,"location" : "31.245409, 121.492969","name" : "上海外滩茂悦大酒店","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb3/s1/2n9c/2Swp2h1fdj9zCUKsk63BQvVgKLTo_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 689,"score" : 44,"starName" : "五星级"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "432335","_score" : 2.9920945,"_source" : {"address" : "唐山路145号","brand" : "7天酒店","business" : "北外滩地区","city" : "上海","id" : 432335,"location" : "31.252585, 121.498753","name" : "7天连锁酒店(上海北外滩国际客运中心地铁站店)","pic" : "https://m2.tuniucdn.com/filebroker/cdn/res/c1/ba/c1baf64418437c56617f89840c6411ef_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 249,"score" : 35,"starName" : "二钻"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "339952837","_score" : 2.0731194,"_source" : {"address" : "良乡西路7号","brand" : "如家","business" : "房山风景区","city" : "北京","id" : 339952837,"location" : "39.73167, 116.132482","name" : "如家酒店(北京良乡西路店)","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb3/s1/2n9c/3Dpgf5RTTzrxpeN5y3RLnRVtxMEA_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 159,"score" : 46,"starName" : "二钻"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "2359697","_score" : 1.9731021,"_source" : {"address" : "清河小营安宁庄东路18号20号楼","brand" : "如家","business" : "上地产业园/西三旗","city" : "北京","id" : 2359697,"location" : "40.041322, 116.333316","name" : "如家酒店(北京上地安宁庄东路店)","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb3/s1/2n9c/2wj2f8mo9WZQCmzm51cwkZ9zvyp8_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 420,"score" : 46,"starName" : "二钻"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "1455383931","_score" : 1.9731021,"_source" : {"address" : "西乡河西金雅新苑34栋","brand" : "如家","business" : "宝安商业区","city" : "深圳","id" : 1455383931,"location" : "22.590272, 113.881933","name" : "如家酒店(深圳宝安客运中心站店)","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb3/s1/2n9c/2w9cbbpzjjsyd2wRhFrnUpBMT8b4_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 169,"score" : 45,"starName" : "二钻"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "728180","_score" : 1.8822913,"_source" : {"address" : "西乡大道298-7号(富通城二期公交站旁)","brand" : "如家","business" : "宝安体育中心商圈","city" : "深圳","id" : 728180,"location" : "22.569693, 113.860186","name" : "如家酒店(深圳宝安西乡地铁站店)","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb3/s1/2n9c/FHdugqgUgYLPMoC4u4rdTbAPrVF_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 184,"score" : 43,"starName" : "二钻"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "2316304","_score" : 1.8822913,"_source" : {"address" : "龙岗街道龙岗墟社区龙平东路62号","brand" : "如家","business" : "龙岗中心区/大运新城","city" : "深圳","id" : 2316304,"location" : "22.730828, 114.278337","name" : "如家酒店(深圳双龙地铁站店)","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb3/s1/2n9c/4AzEoQ44awd1D2g95a6XDtJf3dkw_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 135,"score" : 45,"starName" : "二钻"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "1765008760","_score" : 1.8822913,"_source" : {"address" : "西直门北大街49号","brand" : "如家","business" : "西直门/北京展览馆地区","city" : "北京","id" : 1765008760,"location" : "39.945106, 116.353827","name" : "如家酒店(北京西直门北京北站店)","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb3/s1/2n9c/4CLwbCE9346jYn7nFsJTQXuBExTJ_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 356,"score" : 44,"starName" : "二钻"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "416121","_score" : 1.7994716,"_source" : {"address" : "莲花池东路120-2号6层","brand" : "如家","business" : "北京西站/丽泽商务区","city" : "北京","id" : 416121,"location" : "39.896449, 116.317382","name" : "如家酒店(北京西客站北广场店)","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb3/s1/2n9c/42DTRnKbiYoiGFVzrV9ZJUxNbvRo_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 275,"score" : 43,"starName" : "二钻"}}]}
}
  1. 可以看到，两种查询结果是一样的，为什么？

    • 因为我们将brand、name、business值都利用copy_to复制到了all字段中。因此你根据三个字段搜索，和根据all字段搜索效果当然一样了。
    • 但是，搜索字段越多，对查询性能影响越大，因此建议采用copy_to，然后单字段查询的方式。

2.4 小结

match和multi_match的区别是什么？

  • match：根据一个字段查询
  • multi_match：根据多个字段查询，参与查询字段越多，查询性能越差

3 精准查询


精确查询一般是查找keyword、数值、日期、boolean等类型字段。所以不会对搜索条件分词。常见的有：

  • term：根据词条精确值查询
  • range：根据值的范围查询

3.1 term查询

  1. 因为精确查询的字段搜是不分词的字段，因此查询的条件也必须是不分词的词条。查询时，用户输入的内容跟自动值完全匹配时才认为符合条件。如果用户输入的内容过多，反而搜索不到数据。
  2. 语法
// term查询
GET /indexName/_search
{"query": {"term": {"FIELD": {"value": "VALUE"}}}
}
  1. 示例：当我搜索的是精确词条时，能正确查询出结果：
点击查看代码
 
{"took" : 544,"timed_out" : false,"_shards" : {"total" : 1,"successful" : 1,"skipped" : 0,"failed" : 0},"hits" : {"total" : {"value" : 83,"relation" : "eq"},"max_score" : 0.88043153,"hits" : [{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "36934","_score" : 0.88043153,"_source" : {"address" : "静安交通路40号","brand" : "7天酒店","business" : "四川北路商业区","city" : "上海","id" : 36934,"location" : "31.251433, 121.47522","name" : "7天连锁酒店(上海宝山路地铁站店)","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb2/t1/G1/M00/3E/40/Cii9EVkyLrKIXo1vAAHgrxo_pUcAALcKQLD688AAeDH564_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 336,"score" : 37,"starName" : "二钻"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "38609","_score" : 0.88043153,"_source" : {"address" : "广灵二路126号","brand" : "速8","business" : "四川北路商业区","city" : "上海","id" : 38609,"location" : "31.282444, 121.479385","name" : "速8酒店(上海赤峰路店)","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb2/t1/G2/M00/DF/96/Cii-TFkx0ImIQZeiAAITil0LM7cAALCYwKXHQ4AAhOi377_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 249,"score" : 35,"starName" : "二钻"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "38665","_score" : 0.88043153,"_source" : {"address" : "兰田路38号","brand" : "速8","business" : "长风公园地区","city" : "上海","id" : 38665,"location" : "31.244288, 121.422419","name" : "速8酒店上海中山北路兰田路店","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb2/t1/G2/M00/EF/86/Cii-Tlk2mV2IMZ-_AAEucgG3dx4AALaawEjiycAAS6K083_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 226,"score" : 35,"starName" : "二钻"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "38812","_score" : 0.88043153,"_source" : {"address" : "徐汇龙华西路315弄58号","brand" : "7天酒店","business" : "八万人体育场地区","city" : "上海","id" : 38812,"location" : "31.174377, 121.442875","name" : "7天连锁酒店(上海漕溪路地铁站店)","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb2/t1/G2/M00/E0/0E/Cii-TlkyIr2IEWNoAAHQYv7i5CkAALD-QP2iJwAAdB6245_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 298,"score" : 37,"starName" : "二钻"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "39106","_score" : 0.88043153,"_source" : {"address" : "闵行莘庄镇七莘路299号","brand" : "7天酒店","business" : "莘庄工业区","city" : "上海","id" : 39106,"location" : "31.113812, 121.375869","name" : "7天连锁酒店(上海莘庄地铁站店)","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb2/t1/G2/M00/D8/11/Cii-T1ku2zGIGR7uAAF1NYY9clwAAKxZAHO8HgAAXVN368_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 348,"score" : 41,"starName" : "二钻"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "39141","_score" : 0.88043153,"_source" : {"address" : "杨浦国权路315号","brand" : "7天酒店","business" : "江湾、五角场商业区","city" : "上海","id" : 39141,"location" : "31.290057, 121.508804","name" : "7天连锁酒店(上海五角场复旦同济大学店)","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb2/t1/G2/M00/C7/E3/Cii-T1knFXCIJzNYAAFB8-uFNAEAAKYkQPcw1IAAUIL012_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 349,"score" : 38,"starName" : "二钻"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "45845","_score" : 0.88043153,"_source" : {"address" : "虹桥路100号","brand" : "万怡","business" : "徐家汇地区","city" : "上海","id" : 45845,"location" : "31.192714, 121.434717","name" : "上海西藏大厦万怡酒店","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb3/s1/2n9c/48GNb9GZpJDCejVAcQHYWwYyU8T_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 589,"score" : 45,"starName" : "四钻"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "45870","_score" : 0.88043153,"_source" : {"address" : "新元南路555号","brand" : "豪生","business" : "滴水湖临港地区","city" : "上海","id" : 45870,"location" : "30.871729, 121.81959","name" : "上海临港豪生大酒店","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb3/s1/2n9c/2F5HoQvBgypoDUE46752ppnQaTqs_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 896,"score" : 45,"starName" : "四星级"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "46829","_score" : 0.88043153,"_source" : {"address" : "恒丰路338号","brand" : "万怡","business" : "上海火车站地区","city" : "上海","id" : 46829,"location" : "31.242977, 121.455864","name" : "上海浦西万怡酒店","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb3/s1/2n9c/x87VCoyaR8cTuYFZmKHe8VC6Wk1_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 726,"score" : 46,"starName" : "四钻"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "47066","_score" : 0.88043153,"_source" : {"address" : "施新路958号","brand" : "华美达","business" : "浦东机场核心区","city" : "上海","id" : 47066,"location" : "31.147989, 121.759199","name" : "上海浦东东站华美达酒店","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb3/s1/2n9c/2pNujAVaQbXACzkHp8bQMm6zqwhp_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 408,"score" : 46,"starName" : "四钻"}}]}
}

点击查看代码
 
{"took" : 1,"timed_out" : false,"_shards" : {"total" : 1,"successful" : 1,"skipped" : 0,"failed" : 0},"hits" : {"total" : {"value" : 62,"relation" : "eq"},"max_score" : 1.1771091,"hits" : [{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "309208","_score" : 1.1771091,"_source" : {"address" : "王府井东街8号","brand" : "希尔顿","business" : "天安门/王府井地区","city" : "北京","id" : 309208,"location" : "39.914539, 116.413392","name" : "北京王府井希尔顿酒店","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb2/t1/G6/M00/52/10/Cii-TF3ePt2IX9UEAALb6VYBSmoAAGKMgGsuW8AAtwB147_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 1679,"score" : 46,"starName" : "五钻"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "394559","_score" : 1.1771091,"_source" : {"address" : "长安街1号东方广场","brand" : "君悦","business" : "天安门/王府井地区","city" : "北京","id" : 394559,"location" : "39.909635, 116.414621","name" : "北京东方君悦大酒店","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb3/s1/2n9c/3mFqcNSh7eEo9yc3Rw2P5HDNTdDe_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 686,"score" : 45,"starName" : "五星级"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "394617","_score" : 1.1771091,"_source" : {"address" : "建国门内大街甲18号","brand" : "豪生","business" : "北京站/建国门地区","city" : "北京","id" : 394617,"location" : "39.905768, 116.428153","name" : "北京宝辰饭店","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb3/s1/2n9c/NEYa6EfDHuhhb19Ct85WBbkKHZU_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 418,"score" : 44,"starName" : "四星级"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "394796","_score" : 1.1771091,"_source" : {"address" : "东北三环西坝河太阳宫桥东北角云南大厦","brand" : "皇冠假日","business" : "国展中心地区","city" : "北京","id" : 394796,"location" : "39.972409, 116.434698","name" : "北京新云南皇冠假日酒店","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb3/s1/2n9c/dfP8K782eTsohQWSRdkd7St9LA2_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 485,"score" : 46,"starName" : "五星级"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "395434","_score" : 1.1771091,"_source" : {"address" : "东三环北路东方路1号","brand" : "希尔顿","business" : "燕莎/朝阳公园商业区","city" : "北京","id" : 395434,"location" : "39.952703, 116.462387","name" : "北京希尔顿酒店","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb3/s1/2n9c/3fwNbKGhk6XCrkdVyxwhC5uGpLVy_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 350,"score" : 45,"starName" : "五星级"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "395702","_score" : 1.1771091,"_source" : {"address" : "首都机场3号航站楼三经路1号","brand" : "希尔顿","business" : "首都机场/新国展地区","city" : "北京","id" : 395702,"location" : "40.048969, 116.619566","name" : "北京首都机场希尔顿酒店","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb2/t1/G6/M00/52/10/Cii-U13ePtuIMRSjAAFZ58NGQrMAAGKMgADZ1QAAVn_167_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 222,"score" : 46,"starName" : "五钻"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "395787","_score" : 1.1771091,"_source" : {"address" : "霄云路甲26号","brand" : "万豪","business" : "燕莎/朝阳公园商业区","city" : "北京","id" : 395787,"location" : "39.959861, 116.467363","name" : "北京海航大厦万豪酒店","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb3/s1/2n9c/3zFiWi2C9SmbcQwCZgJFQC9ahvs5_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 1302,"score" : 46,"starName" : "五钻"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "395799","_score" : 1.1771091,"_source" : {"address" : "王府井大街48号","brand" : "皇冠假日","business" : "天安门/王府井地区","city" : "北京","id" : 395799,"location" : "39.918994, 116.411277","name" : "北京国际艺苑皇冠假日酒店","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb2/t1/G6/M00/52/10/Cii-U13ePvyIahjPAAMykV278aEAAGKOQO9e4UAAzKp283_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 636,"score" : 44,"starName" : "五星级"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "395815","_score" : 1.1771091,"_source" : {"address" : "天竺镇府前一街13号","brand" : "华美达","business" : "首都机场/新国展地区","city" : "北京","id" : 395815,"location" : "40.062832, 116.580678","name" : "北京明豪华美达酒店","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb2/t1/G6/M00/52/13/Cii-U13eP2mIKCwvAAODTZXT-fAAAGKVAA9taIAA4Nl245_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 558,"score" : 46,"starName" : "四钻"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "396189","_score" : 1.1771091,"_source" : {"address" : "三丰北里3号","brand" : "皇冠假日","business" : "三里屯/工体/东直门地区","city" : "北京","id" : 396189,"location" : "39.92129, 116.43847","name" : "北京朝阳悠唐皇冠假日酒店","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb3/s1/2n9c/tT6ipLain1ZovR5gnQ7tJ4KKym5_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 944,"score" : 46,"starName" : "五钻"}}]}
}
  1. 示例：但是，当我搜索的内容不是词条，而是多个词语形成的短语时，反而搜索不到：

3.2 range查询

  1. 范围查询，一般应用在对数值类型做范围过滤的时候。比如做价格范围过滤。
  2. 语法
// range查询
GET /indexName/_search
{"query": {"range": {"FIELD": {"gte": 10, // 这里的gte代表大于等于，gt则代表大于"lte": 20 // lte代表小于等于，lt则代表小于}}}
}
  1. 示例

3.3 小结

精确查询常见的有哪些？

  • term查询：根据词条精确匹配，一般搜索keyword类型、数值类型、布尔类型、日期类型字段
  • range查询：根据数值范围查询，可以是数值、日期的范围

4 地理坐标查询

4.1 使用场景

  1. 所谓的地理坐标查询，其实就是根据经纬度查询，官方文档：https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/geo-queries.html
  2. 常见的使用场景包括：
    • 携程：搜索我附近的酒店
    • 滴滴：搜索我附近的出租车
    • 微信：搜索我附近的人

4.2 矩形范围查询


查询时，需要指定矩形的左上、右下两个点的坐标，然后画出一个矩形，落在该矩形内的都是符合条件的点。

// geo_bounding_box查询
GET /indexName/_search
{"query": {"geo_bounding_box": {"FIELD": {"top_left": { // 左上点"lat": 31.1,"lon": 121.5},"bottom_right": { // 右下点"lat": 30.9,"lon": 121.7}}}}
}

4.3 附近(距离)查询


在地图上找一个点作为圆心，以指定距离为半径，画一个圆，落在圆内的坐标都算符合条件。

// geo_distance 查询
GET /indexName/_search
{"query": {"geo_distance": {"distance": "15km", // 半径"FIELD": "31.21,121.5" // 圆心}}
}

先搜索陆家嘴附近15km的酒店：
发现共有47家酒店。然后把半径缩短到5公里：
可以发现，搜索到的酒店数量减少到了13家。

5 复合查询

5.1 复合查询分类&应用场景

复合(compound)查询：复合查询可以将其它简单查询组合起来，实现更复杂的搜索逻辑。常见的有两种：

  • fuction score：算分函数查询，可以控制文档相关性算分，控制文档排名。例如百度竞价
  • bool query：布尔查询，利用逻辑关系组合多个其它的查询，实现复杂搜索

5.2 相关性算分

  1. 当我们利用match查询时，文档结果会根据与搜索词条的关联度打分(_score)，返回结果时按照分值降序排列。
    例如，我们搜索 "虹桥如家"，结果如下：

    [{"_score" : 17.850193,"_source" : {"name" : "虹桥如家酒店真不错",}},{"_score" : 12.259849,"_source" : {"name" : "外滩如家酒店真不错",}},{"_score" : 11.91091,"_source" : {"name" : "迪士尼如家酒店真不错",}}
]

  2. 在elasticsearch中，早期使用的打分算法是TF-IDF算法，公式如下：

  3. 在后来的5.1版本升级中，elasticsearch将算法改进为BM25算法，公式如下：

  4. TF-IDF算法有一各缺陷，就是词条频率越高，文档得分也会越高，单个词条对文档影响较大。而BM25则会让单个词条的算分有一个上限，曲线更加平滑：

  5. 小结
    elasticsearch会根据词条和文档的相关度做打分，算法有两种：TF-IDF算法和BM25算法(elasticsearch5.1版本后采用的算法)

5.3 算分函数查询

根据相关度打分是比较合理的需求，但合理的不一定是产品经理需要的。
以百度为例，你搜索的结果中，并不是相关度越高排名越靠前，而是谁掏的钱多排名就越靠前。如图：
要想认为控制相关性算分，就需要利用elasticsearch中的function score 查询了。

5.3.1 语法

  1. function score 查询中包含四部分内容：

    • 原始查询条件：query部分，基于这个条件搜索文档，并且基于BM25算法给文档打分，原始算分(query score)
    • 过滤条件：filter部分，符合该条件的文档才会重新算分
    • 算分函数：符合filter条件的文档要根据这个函数做运算，得到的函数算分(function score)，有四种函数
      • weight：函数结果是常量
      • field_value_factor：以文档中的某个字段值作为函数结果
      • random_score：以随机数作为函数结果
      • script_score：自定义算分函数算法
    • 运算模式：算分函数的结果、原始查询的相关性算分，两者之间的运算方式，包括：
      • multiply：相乘
      • replace：用function score替换query score
      • 其它，例如：sum、avg、max、min
  2. function score的运行流程如下：
    • 1)根据原始条件查询搜索文档，并且计算相关性算分，称为原始算分(query score)
    • 2)根据过滤条件，过滤文档
    • 3)符合过滤条件的文档，基于算分函数运算，得到函数算分(function score)
    • 4)将原始算分(query score)和函数算分(function score)基于运算模式做运算，得到最终结果，作为相关性算分。
  3. 因此，其中的关键点是：
    • 过滤条件：决定哪些文档的算分被修改
    • 算分函数：决定函数算分的算法
    • 运算模式：决定最终算分结果

5.3.2 案例

  1. 翻译一下这个需求，转换为之前说的四个要点：

    • 原始条件：不确定，可以任意变化
    • 过滤条件：brand = "如家"
    • 算分函数：可以简单粗暴，直接给固定的算分结果，weight
    • 运算模式：比如求和
  2. 在未添加算分函数时，如家得分如下：
点击查看代码
 
{"took" : 57,"timed_out" : false,"_shards" : {"total" : 1,"successful" : 1,"skipped" : 0,"failed" : 0},"hits" : {"total" : {"value" : 3,"relation" : "eq"},"max_score" : 4.4094586,"hits" : [{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "60487","_score" : 4.4094586,"_source" : {"address" : "黄浦路199号","brand" : "君悦","business" : "外滩地区","city" : "上海","id" : 60487,"location" : "31.245409, 121.492969","name" : "上海外滩茂悦大酒店","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb3/s1/2n9c/2Swp2h1fdj9zCUKsk63BQvVgKLTo_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 689,"score" : 44,"starName" : "五星级"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "434082","_score" : 3.5042057,"_source" : {"address" : "复兴东路260号","brand" : "如家","business" : "豫园地区","city" : "上海","id" : 434082,"location" : "31.220706, 121.498769","name" : "如家酒店·neo(上海外滩城隍庙小南门地铁站店)","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb2/t1/G6/M00/52/B6/Cii-U13eXLGIdHFzAAIG-5cEwDEAAGRfQNNIV0AAgcT627_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 392,"score" : 44,"starName" : "二钻"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "432335","_score" : 3.1362786,"_source" : {"address" : "唐山路145号","brand" : "7天酒店","business" : "北外滩地区","city" : "上海","id" : 432335,"location" : "31.252585, 121.498753","name" : "7天连锁酒店(上海北外滩国际客运中心地铁站店)","pic" : "https://m2.tuniucdn.com/filebroker/cdn/res/c1/ba/c1baf64418437c56617f89840c6411ef_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 249,"score" : 35,"starName" : "二钻"}}]}
}
  1. 添加了算分函数后，如家得分就提升了：
点击查看代码
 
{"took" : 58,"timed_out" : false,"_shards" : {"total" : 1,"successful" : 1,"skipped" : 0,"failed" : 0},"hits" : {"total" : {"value" : 3,"relation" : "eq"},"max_score" : 35.042057,"hits" : [{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "434082","_score" : 35.042057,"_source" : {"address" : "复兴东路260号","brand" : "如家","business" : "豫园地区","city" : "上海","id" : 434082,"location" : "31.220706, 121.498769","name" : "如家酒店·neo(上海外滩城隍庙小南门地铁站店)","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb2/t1/G6/M00/52/B6/Cii-U13eXLGIdHFzAAIG-5cEwDEAAGRfQNNIV0AAgcT627_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 392,"score" : 44,"starName" : "二钻"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "60487","_score" : 4.4094586,"_source" : {"address" : "黄浦路199号","brand" : "君悦","business" : "外滩地区","city" : "上海","id" : 60487,"location" : "31.245409, 121.492969","name" : "上海外滩茂悦大酒店","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb3/s1/2n9c/2Swp2h1fdj9zCUKsk63BQvVgKLTo_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 689,"score" : 44,"starName" : "五星级"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "432335","_score" : 3.1362786,"_source" : {"address" : "唐山路145号","brand" : "7天酒店","business" : "北外滩地区","city" : "上海","id" : 432335,"location" : "31.252585, 121.498753","name" : "7天连锁酒店(上海北外滩国际客运中心地铁站店)","pic" : "https://m2.tuniucdn.com/filebroker/cdn/res/c1/ba/c1baf64418437c56617f89840c6411ef_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 249,"score" : 35,"starName" : "二钻"}}]}
}
  1. 课件

5.3.3 小结

function score query定义的三要素是什么？

  • 过滤条件：哪些文档要加分
  • 算分函数：如何计算function score
  • 加权方式：function score 与 query score如何运算

5.4 布尔查询

  1. 布尔查询是一个或多个查询子句的组合，每一个子句就是一个子查询。子查询的组合方式有：

    • must：必须匹配每个子查询，类似“与”
    • should：选择性匹配子查询，类似“或”
    • must_not：必须不匹配，不参与算分，类似“非”
    • filter：必须匹配，不参与算分
  2. 比如在搜索酒店时，除了关键字搜索外，我们还可能根据品牌、价格、城市等字段做过滤：
  3. 每一个不同的字段，其查询的条件、方式都不一样，必须是多个不同的查询，而要组合这些查询，就必须用bool查询了。
  4. 需要注意的是，搜索时，参与打分的字段越多，查询的性能也越差。因此这种多条件查询时，建议这样做：
    • 搜索框的关键字搜索，是全文检索查询，使用must查询，参与算分
    • 其它过滤条件，采用filter查询。不参与算分

5.4.1 语法

GET /hotel/_search
{"query": {"bool": {"must": [{"term": {"city": "上海" }}],"should": [{"term": {"brand": "皇冠假日" }},{"term": {"brand": "华美达" }}],"must_not": [{ "range": { "price": { "lte": 500 } }}],"filter": [{ "range": {"score": { "gte": 45 } }}]}}
}

5.4.2 案例


分析：

  • 名称搜索，属于全文检索查询，应该参与算分。放到must中
  • 价格不高于400，用range查询，属于过滤条件，不参与算分。放到must_not中
  • 周围10km范围内，用geo_distance查询，属于过滤条件，不参与算分。放到filter中

点击查看代码
 
# bool 查询
GET /hotel/_search
{"query": {"bool": {"must": [{"match": {"name": "如家"}}],"must_not": [{"range": {"price": {"gt": 400}}}],"filter": [{"geo_distance": {"distance": "10km","location": {"lat": 31.21,"lon": 121.5}}}]}}
}
点击查看代码
 
{"took" : 5,"timed_out" : false,"_shards" : {"total" : 1,"successful" : 1,"skipped" : 0,"failed" : 0},"hits" : {"total" : {"value" : 3,"relation" : "eq"},"max_score" : 1.7236328,"hits" : [{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "433576","_score" : 1.7236328,"_source" : {"address" : "南京东路480号保安坊内","brand" : "如家","business" : "人民广场地区","city" : "上海","id" : 433576,"location" : "31.236454, 121.480948","name" : "如家酒店(上海南京路步行街店)","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb2/t1/G6/M00/52/BA/Cii-U13eXVaIQmdaAAWxgzdXXxEAAGRrgNIOkoABbGb143_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 379,"score" : 44,"starName" : "二钻"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "434082","_score" : 1.4749806,"_source" : {"address" : "复兴东路260号","brand" : "如家","business" : "豫园地区","city" : "上海","id" : 434082,"location" : "31.220706, 121.498769","name" : "如家酒店·neo(上海外滩城隍庙小南门地铁站店)","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb2/t1/G6/M00/52/B6/Cii-U13eXLGIdHFzAAIG-5cEwDEAAGRfQNNIV0AAgcT627_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 392,"score" : 44,"starName" : "二钻"}},{"_index" : "hotel","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "1584362548","_score" : 1.4236369,"_source" : {"address" : "御青路315-317号","brand" : "如家","business" : "周浦康桥地区","city" : "上海","id" : 1584362548,"location" : "31.15719, 121.572392","name" : "如家酒店(上海浦东国际旅游度假区御桥地铁站店)","pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb3/s1/2n9c/2ybd3wqdoBtBeKcPxmyso9y1hNXa_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg","price" : 339,"score" : 44,"starName" : "二钻"}}]}
}

5.4.3 小结

bool查询有几种逻辑关系？

  • must：必须匹配的条件，可以理解为“与”
  • should：选择性匹配的条件，可以理解为“或”
  • must_not：必须不匹配的条件，不参与打分
  • filter：必须匹配的条件，不参与打分

HM-SpringCloud微服务系列6.1【DSL查询文档】相关推荐

  1. springcloud微服务系列之服务注册与发现组件Eureka

    一.Eurake的简介 二.使用Eureka进行服务的注册消费 1.创建一个服务注册中心 2.创建服务的提供者 3.创建服务的消费者 总结 一.Eurake的简介 今天我们来介绍下springclou ...

  2. 【微服务】DSL查询文档

    elasticsearch的查询依然是基于JSON风格的DSL来实现的. 1 DSL查询分类 Elasticsearch提供了基于JSON的DSL(Domain Specific Language)来 ...

  3. 构建微服务（Building Microservices）-PDF 文档

    闲时翻译了几篇基于Spring Cloud.Netflix OSS 构建微服务的英文文章,为方便分享交流,整理为PDF文档. PDF 文档目录: 目录 一.微服务操作模型... 3 1.     前提 ...

  4. 学习笔记：SpringCloud 微服务技术栈_实用篇①_基础知识

    若文章内容或图片失效,请留言反馈.部分素材来自网络,若不小心影响到您的利益,请联系博主删除. 前言 学习视频链接 SpringCloud + RabbitMQ + Docker + Redis + 搜 ...

  5. 微服务11_ES：DSL/RestClient查询文档

    微服务11_ES:DSL/RestClient查询文档 一.DSL查询文档 1.DSL Query的分类 1.全文检索查询 match查询示例: multi_match查询示例: 2.精准查询 ter ...

  6. 微服务系列：Dubbo与SpringCloud的Ribbon、Hystrix、Feign的优劣势比较

    在微服务架构中,分布式通信.分布式事务.分布式锁等问题是亟待解决的几个重要问题. Spring Cloud是一套完整的微服务解决方案,基于 Spring Boot 框架.确切的说,Spring Clo ...

  7. 学习笔记：SpringCloud 微服务技术栈_实用篇②_黑马旅游案例

    若文章内容或图片失效,请留言反馈.部分素材来自网络,若不小心影响到您的利益,请联系博主删除. 前言 学习视频链接 SpringCloud + RabbitMQ + Docker + Redis + 搜 ...

  8. 【微服务】之六：轻松搞定SpringCloud微服务-API网关zuul

    通过前面几篇文章的介绍,我们可以轻松搭建起来微服务体系中比较重要的几个基础构建服务.那么,在本篇博文中,我们重点讲解一下,如何将所有微服务的API同意对外暴露,这个就设计API网关的概念. 本系列教程 ...

  9. Java生鲜电商平台-SpringCloud微服务架构中分布式事务解决方案

    Java生鲜电商平台-SpringCloud微服务架构中分布式事务解决方案 说明:Java生鲜电商平台中由于采用了微服务架构进行业务的处理,买家,卖家,配送,销售,供应商等进行服务化,但是不可避免存在 ...

最新文章

  1. 解决了一个遗留的Portlet奇怪问题
  2. iphone屏蔽系统更新_一招屏蔽系统更新！再见 iOS 13...
  3. wifi共享大师电脑版_手机开wifi热点，共享网络给电脑，变身4G无线路由器
  4. 软件开发生命周期模型 瀑布模型、增量模型、原型模型、螺旋模型、喷泉模型总结...
  5. 用C#创建COM组件全过程
  6. 【C#公共帮助类】 Image帮助类
  7. NHibernate源码分析开篇
  8. AndroidStudio_Android使用OkHttp发起Http请求_以及使用时需要注意的点---Android原生开发工作笔记220
  9. VMware安装ubuntu中几个问题的解决——VMware Tools
  10. HTML中，表格中禁止换行，td的nowrap属性
  11. 设计模式入门-工厂模式
  12. VBoxGuestAdditions.iso下载
  13. 什么是REST ful?
  14. 微信小程序自动生成打卡海报
  15. window 10系统修改C盘用户名过程
  16. Linux中./configure文件配置详解
  17. Windows电脑系统锁屏界面壁纸如何获取
  18. Vue 指令v-for和v-model
  19. 计算机类学术论文格式,学术论文格式要求-北京交通大学.doc
  20. Qcom平台 TC358840 调试指南

热门文章

  1. python调用dll
  2. springcloud坑之 org.springframework.web.client.HttpServerErrorException$InternalServerError: 500 null
  3. 基于RISC-V CH32V103的鼠标键盘摇杆手柄Joystick学习开发板--实例Eg3_KeyBoard
  4. Docker安装Redis并使用本地连接
  5. 视错觉升级版：多个视错觉效果实现
  6. 2022-2028全球与中国车辆评估服务市场现状及未来发展趋势
  7. Java流利说断点续传,OkDownload源码分析
  8. 编译型语言和解释型语言
  9. android小程序 socket,能在微信小程序中使用的socket.io客户端
  10. 基于Scrcpy的Android手机屏幕投影到电脑教程