Oracle 19C CDB操作课程笔记

##########################
监听检查
lsnrctl start listener
lsnrctl start listener2

启动cdb1和cdb2
export ORACLE_SID=cdb1
sqlplus '/as sysdba'
startup
exit

export ORACLE_SID=cdb2
sqlplus '/as sysdba'
startup
exit

cdb1注册到listener
cdb2注册到listener2

lsnrctl status listener
lsnrctl status listener1
##########################

演示1. 创建PDB
连接CDB1
sqlplus /nolog
connect sys/!QAZ2wsx@localhost:1521/cdb1 as sysdba

2.检查连接环境, 这里介绍两种方法。
show con_name

select
'DB Name: ' ||Sys_Context('Userenv', 'DB_Name')||
' / CDB?: ' ||case
when Sys_Context('Userenv', 'CDB_Name') is not null then 'YES'
else 'NO'
end||
' / Auth-ID: ' ||Sys_Context('Userenv', 'Authenticated_Identity')||
' / Sessn-User: '||Sys_Context('Userenv', 'Session_User')||
' / Container: ' ||Nvl(Sys_Context('Userenv', 'Con_Name'), 'n/a')
"Who am I?"
from Dual
/
3. 检查当前cdb内有几个pdb
show pdbs --注意pdb1 是mount状态，
create pluggable database PDB2 admin user PDB_Admin identified by "oracle"; --30 seconds
show pdbs --检查新建pdb的状态， mount状态
alter pluggable database PDB2 open; --打开pdb2
alter session set container = PDB2; --切换到pdb2

4. 授权sysdba给用户pdb_admin，创建用户表空间users,在pdb2内创建一用户表在users表空间内
grant sysdba to pdb_admin;
create tablespace users datafile size 10M autoextend on next 1M maxsize unlimited segment space management auto;
alter database default tablespace Users;
grant create table, unlimited tablespace to pdb_admin;

connect pdb_admin/oracle@localhost:1521/pdb2;
show con_name
create table my_tab(my_col number);
insert into my_tab values (1);
commit;

CDB内能看到这个table吗？CDB root内可以通过CDB_TALBES来查询所有容器的表。
PDB1内能看到这个table吗？pdb之间需要相互访问数据需要使用db link.
connect sys/!QAZ2wsx@localhost:1521/cdb1 as sysdba
select table_name from dba_tables where table_name='MY_TAB';
select table_name from cdb_tables where table_name='MY_TAB';
exit

检查cdb1 内的数据文件
sqlplus /nolog
connect sys/!QAZ2wsx@localhost:1521/cdb1 as sysdba

COLUMN "Con_Name" FORMAT A10
COLUMN "T'space_Name" FORMAT A12
COLUMN "File_Name" FORMAT A120
SET LINESIZE 220
SET PAGES 9999
with Containers as (
select PDB_ID Con_ID, PDB_Name Con_Name from DBA_PDBs
union
select 1 Con_ID, 'CDB$ROOT' Con_Name from Dual)
select
Con_ID,
Con_Name "Con_Name",
Tablespace_Name "T'space_Name",
File_Name "File_Name"
from CDB_Data_Files inner join Containers using (Con_ID)
union
select
Con_ID,
Con_Name "Con_Name",
Tablespace_Name "T'space_Name",
File_Name "File_Name"
from CDB_Temp_Files inner join Containers using (Con_ID)
order by 1, 3
/

为什么pdb1的数据文件看不到？因为pdb1没有打开，只有打开pdb1，我们才能看到其数据字典的信息。
alter pluggable database pdb1 open;

##################################
演示2. 克隆PDB2 至PDB3
sqlplus /nolog
connect sys/!QAZ2wsx@localhost:1521/cdb1 as sysdba

冷克隆，所以需要将pdb2置为read only mode
alter pluggable database PDB2 open read only force;

show pdbs --确认pdb2 为RO模式
create pluggable database PDB3 from PDB2;
alter pluggable database PDB3 open ;
show pdbs

##################
演示3. pdb的拔插操作
本实验将pdb3 从cdb1内拔出，然后插入cdb2 内。
sqlplus /nolog
connect sys/!QAZ2wsx@localhost:1521/cdb1 as sysdba

show pdbs
--unplug pdb3
alter pluggable database PDB3 close immediate;
alter pluggable database PDB3 unplug into '/home/oracle/oradata/CDB1/pdb3.xml';

unplug 命令只是导出pdb的相关信息，pdb未被真正移除，但已经不能操作了，需要手工drop.
alter pluggable database pdb3 open; --error, 因为pdb已经被unplugged了。

查看xml 文件内容,留意pdb3的数据文件保存在CDB1子目录下的。
!vi /home/oracle/oradata/CDB1/pdb3.xml --xml文件存放pdb数据库的版本信息及数据文件等信息

drop pluggable database PDB3 keep datafiles; --1s
show pdbs

#############
将pdb3 插入cdb2
sqlplus /nolog
connect sys/!QAZ2wsx@localhost:1522/cdb2 as sysdba

COLUMN "Who am I?" FORMAT A120
select
'DB Name: ' ||Sys_Context('Userenv', 'DB_Name')||
' / CDB?: ' ||case
when Sys_Context('Userenv', 'CDB_Name') is not null then 'YES'
else 'NO'
end||
' / Auth-ID: ' ||Sys_Context('Userenv', 'Authenticated_Identity')||
' / Sessn-User: '||Sys_Context('Userenv', 'Session_User')||
' / Container: ' ||Nvl(Sys_Context('Userenv', 'Con_Name'), 'n/a')
"Who am I?"
from Dual
/
show pdbs

首先检查将要插入的pdb是否和当前的cdb环境兼容，比如component或者参数设置等。
begin
if not
Sys.DBMS_PDB.CHECK_PLUG_COMPATIBILITY('/home/oracle/oradata/CDB1/pdb3.xml')
then
Raise_Application_Error(-20000, 'Incompatible');
end if;
end;
/
如果有检查报错，查询以下视图。
select * from PDB_PLUG_IN_VIOLATIONS;

create pluggable database pdb3
using '/home/oracle/oradata/CDB1/pdb3.xml'
move; --使用move/copy/nocopy 控制数据文件存放路径。

查看pdb3 数据文件已经移到cdb2子目录下
connect sys/!QAZ2wsx@localhost:1522/pdb3 as sysdba
set pages 999
select * from v$dbfile;

##############################
演示4. 热克隆
sqlplus /nolog
connect sys/!QAZ2wsx@localhost:1521/cdb1 as sysdba

create pluggable database oe admin user soe identified by soe roles=(dba);
alter pluggable database oe open;
alter session set container = oe;
grant create session, create table to soe;
alter user soe quota unlimited on system;

connect soe/soe@localhost:1521/oe
CREATE TABLE sale_orders
(ORDER_ID number,
ORDER_DATE date,
CUSTOMER_ID number);

开启新terminal窗口，启动脚本循环往sale_orders表内插入数据。
connect soe/soe@localhost:1521/oe
select count(*) from sale_orders;

cd /home/oracle/script/
./write-load.sh

cdb2上创建db link 指向cdb1
sqlplus /nolog
connect sys/!QAZ2wsx@localhost:1522/cdb2 as sysdba
drop database link cdb1_link;
create database link cdb1_link using 'cdb1';

创建可刷新的pdb clone
sqlplus /nolog
connect sys/!QAZ2wsx@localhost:1522/cdb2 as sysdba
create pluggable database oe_refresh from oe@cdb1_link refresh mode manual; --13s
alter pluggable database oe_refresh open read only; --1s

conn soe/soe@localhost:1522/oe_refresh
select count(*) from sale_orders;

对oe_refresh pdb进行刷新
conn sys/!QAZ2wsx@localhost:1522/oe_refresh as sysdba
alter pluggable database oe_refresh close;
alter session set container=oe_refresh;
alter pluggable database oe_refresh refresh;
alter pluggable database oe_refresh open read only;

conn soe/soe@localhost:1522/oe_refresh
select count(*) from sale_orders;

conn sys/!QAZ2wsx@localhost:1522/cdb2 as sysdba
alter pluggable database oe_refresh close;
drop pluggable database oe_refresh including datafiles;

###############
演示5. pdb 热迁移

conn sys/!QAZ2wsx@localhost:1522/cdb2 as sysdba;
alter system set local_listener='LISTENER_CDB1' scope=both;

conn sys/!QAZ2wsx@localhost:1521/cdb2 as sysdba;
drop database link cdb1_link;
create database link cdb1_link using 'cdb1';

show pdbs
create pluggable database oe from oe@cdb1_link relocate ;
alter pluggable database oe open; --30s
show pdbs --cdb2内有oe pdb了。

检查write-load脚本输出已经连接至CDB2内的oe pdb了。

conn sys/!QAZ2wsx@localhost:1521/cdb1 as sysdba;
show pdbs --cdb1内已经没有oe pdb

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