http://www.elijahqi.win/archives/4018

Biological Perspective inn Psychology

The nervous System:A basic blueprint

neuron: 神经元,神经细胞
basic unit of the brain
axon:轴突
microtubule:微导管
microfilament:微细丝
Myelin Sheath:髓鞘磷脂
(许旺细胞；许旺氏细胞；施万细胞)
fatty substances produced by certain glial cells
coat the axons of neurons to insulate
protect, and speed up the neural impulse

Neuron communication

synaptic vesicles突触小泡
neurotransmitter神经素
receptor
synapse突触
synaptic cleft突触间隙

central neural system

Made up of a collection of neurons and supportive tissue running from the base of the brain down the center of the back

brain
- brain stem
  control the vital functions(e.g. breathing)
  - midbrain
  - pons
  - medulla
- frontal lobe
  consciousness
- parietal lobe
  movement and stimulus perception
- occipital lobe
  vision
- temporal lobe
  speech recognition
- cerebellum
  movement co·ordination
spinal cord

peripheral neural system

SNS(somatic Nervous System)
connect to sensory receptors and skeletal muscles

ANS(Autonomic Nervous System)
Regulates internal organs

somatic
autonomic(subconscious, control system)

graph TDA(Nervous system) --> B(Central nervous system)A --> C(Peripheral nervous system)B --> D(Brain)B --> E(Spinal cord)C --> F(Autonomic nervous system)C --> G(Somatic nervous system)F --> H(Parasympathetic division)F --> I(Sympathetic division)G --> J(Sensory system ,afferent )G --> K(Motor system,efferent)

The Endocrine System

definition
Glands that secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream

Pineal gland松果-> biological rhythm
Hypothalamus下丘脑
Pituitary gland脑垂体->growth
Tinyroid gland 甲状腺->energy regulation
Thymus 胸腺-> immune system, T-cells maturation
Pancreas 胰腺-> blood sugar
adrenal glands 肾上腺->fight and flight
Testes (male)
Ovaries (female)

a tour to the brain

cerebellum
controls and coordinated involuntary, rapid,fine motor movement

pons
larger swelling above the medulla that connects the top of the brain to the bottom: plays a part in sleep,dreaming, left-right body coordination, and arousal

medulla
first large swelling at the top of the spinal cord forming the lowest part of the brain; responsible for life-sustaining functions such as reathing,swallowing, and heart rate

Reticular Formation(RF)
area of neurons running thyrough the middle of the medulla and the pons and slightly beyond;responsible for selective attention

limbic system
The limbic system comprises various structures inside the brain: thalamus, hypothalamus,amygdala,hippocampus
gateways for emotional responses

Thalamus(丘脑)
relays sensory information from the lower part of the brain to the proper areas of the cortex
processes some sensory information before sending it to it proper area

occipital lobe
The Occipital LolJe is tl1e visual

parietal lobe
integrating information from several senses Also processes spatial orientantionm some parts of speech, visual perceptionm and pain and touch sensations

Temporal lobe
chief auditory receptive area and contains the hippocampus

frontal lobe
cognition and memory
ability to concentrate

wernicke’s area: association cortex-speech comprehension
condition resulting from damage to wernicke’s area
symptoms: inability to understand or produce meaningful language

hemispheric specialization - left and right

left

controls muscles on right side of body
controls language
math
logic
speech
analytical
intellectual

right

controls muscles on left side of body
spatial abilities
facial recognition
visual imagery
art and music
emotion
creativity

mapping the brain

EEG

Records electric activity of the brain below specific areas of the skull
generates low to high resolution activity maps with increasing number of sensors from as few as 2 to 128 or more

MRI

using radio waves and magnetic fields of the body to produce detailed images of the brain

FMRI

generates static images of the brain as well as dynamic image with functional MRO

Definition:

A brain-imaging method using radio waves
and magnetic fields of the body to produce detailed images of the brain is
called __ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) __.

synaptic vesicles 突触泡

The part of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for
reacting to stressful events and bodily arousal is called the ___ sympathetic nervous system.

central

somatic

sympathetic

parasympathetic

The two main divisions of the nervous
system are the peripheral nervous system; _ and central
nervous system.

What part of the brain acts as a relay
station for incoming sensory information?

hypothalamus

thalamus (correct)

cerebellum

pituitary gland

right/left hemisphere

Left-> logic and mathmetic

Right -> perception recognition

Which of the following neurotransmitters
functions as a common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?

serotonin

norepinephrine

acetylcholine

GABA

Which of the following regions contains the
primary visual cortex?

frontal lobe

parietal lobe

temporal lobe

occipital lobe

Which part of the nervous system takes the
information received from the senses, makes sense out of it, makes decisions,
and sends commands out to the muscles and the rest of the body?

spinal cord

brain

reflexes

interneurons

Which part of the neuron is responsible for
maintaining the life of the cell?

axon

soma

dendrite

cell membrane

A single long fiber extending from the cell
body that carries outgoing messages is called a(n) axon.

The time period after a neural impulse when
the neuron cannot fire again is called the

absolute refractory period.

When the electrical charge inside a neuron
is negative in relation to the outside, the neuron is said to be in a state of polarization.

Breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure
are controlled by the medulla.

The hypothalamus controls feeding, fleeing,
fighting, and sex.

Which nervous system is activated in an
emergency? sympathetic

The somatic nerve system is the body
system.

The synapse is composed of the axon
terminal, the synaptic space, and the dendrite of the next neuron.

An injury to the cerebellum results
in difficulty maintaining balance and coordinating movements.

The hypothalamus regulates
motivational responses and is involved with emotional behavior.

What structure connects the two hemispheres
of the brain and coordinates their activities?

corpus callosum

All of the following show structure EXCEPT:
PET-scans.

Which nervous system regulates the
functions of glands, blood vessels, and the internal organs? Autonomic nervous
system

What brain stem structure controls
sleeping, waking, and dreaming? Pons

What is the only sense that completely
bypasses the thalamus? Smell

What limbic structure is also known as the
“gateway to memory?” hippocampus

What area of the cortex receives
information about pressure, pain, touch, and temperature from all over the
body? Somatosensory cortex

Which of the following functions affects
Broca’s area? speech production

Endorphins reduce pain and produce
pleasure. True

SEM1 PSYCHOLOGY LEC2相关推荐

【Crash Course Psychology】1. Intro to psychology笔记
1. Psychology 来自拉丁语,原意是"the study of the soul", 目前可以定义为"the science of behavior and m ...
social psychology 10th David G. Myers
Social psychology is a science that studies the influences of our situations, with special attention ...
barrons ap计算机科学,巴朗ap心理学barrons ap psychology, 5th edition-201-240.pdf
巴朗ap心理学barrons ap psychology, 5th edition-201-240.pdf (C)Arousaltheorydescribesmotivationbyreferring ...
44 The shopping psychology 购物心理
44 The shopping psychology 购物心理 ①People can be addicted to different things ---e. g.,alcohol, drugs, ...
推荐一个视频 Postive Psychology
推荐一个视频 Postive Psychology , 哈佛大学公开课中文名字是幸福学主要是介绍如何让你更加幸福更加成功...人的最终目标不就是幸福么... 也是很好的对自己行为的反思,明确 ...
MUSTer：Multi-Store Tracker:A Cognitive Psychology Inspired Approach to Object Tracking
题目:MUSTer:Multi-Store Tracker:A Cognitive Psychology Inspired Approach to Object Tracking 来源:CVPR 20 ...
心理学综述类期刊介绍｜《New Ideas In Psychology》
Hello,大家好. 这里是壹脑云科研圈,我是莹- 近期我们会持续更新心理学综述类期刊系列的推文,今天要给大家分享的是<New Ideas In Psychology>投稿的相关信息!往期 ...
postive psychology
1.什么是积极心理学 positive psychology overpromising under-delivering science that works look inwards beha ...
David Silver强化学习公开课自学笔记——Lec2马尔科夫决策过程
本笔记摘自知乎博主旺财的搬砖历险记和叶强,仅用于自学 0.数学规范大写字母表示随机变量:S,A,RS,A,RS,A,R等小写字母表示具体的值:s,a,rs,a,rs,a,r等空心字母表示统计运算 ...
读《影响力 Influence:The psychology of Persuasion》-罗伯特.西奥迪尼著（下）
第四章社会认同我们就是真理当大家以相同的方式去思考时,没有谁回想的太认真--沃尔特.李普曼当我读完这章是,映入我眼帘,显现在我脑海中的示例太多了,真的,社会认同到处可见.可以把社会认同理解成一 ...

SEM1 PSYCHOLOGY LEC2