java高级应用：线程池全面解析

什么是线程池？

很简单，简单看名字就知道是装有线程的池子，我们可以把要执行的多线程交给线程池来处理，和连接池的概念一样，通过维护一定数量的线程池来达到多个线程的复用。

线程池的好处

我们知道不用线程池的话，每个线程都要通过new Thread(xxRunnable).start()的方式来创建并运行一个线程，线程少的话这不会是问题，而真实环境可能会开启多个线程让系统和程序达到最佳效率，当线程数达到一定数量就会耗尽系统的CPU和内存资源，也会造成GC频繁收集和停顿，因为每次创建和销毁一个线程都是要消耗系统资源的，如果为每个任务都创建线程这无疑是一个很大的性能瓶颈。所以，线程池中的线程复用极大节省了系统资源，当线程一段时间不再有任务处理时它也会自动销毁，而不会长驻内存。

线程池核心类

在java.util.concurrent包中我们能找到线程池的定义，其中ThreadPoolExecutor是我们线程池核心类，首先看看线程池类的主要参数有哪些。

    public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,int maximumPoolSize,long keepAliveTime,TimeUnit unit,BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,ThreadFactory threadFactory,RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {if (corePoolSize < 0 ||maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||keepAliveTime < 0)throw new IllegalArgumentException();if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)throw new NullPointerException();this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;this.workQueue = workQueue;this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);this.threadFactory = threadFactory;this.handler = handler;}

corePoolSize：线程池的核心大小，也可以理解为最小的线程池大小。
maximumPoolSize：最大线程池大小。
keepAliveTime：空余线程存活时间，指的是超过corePoolSize的空余线程达到多长时间才进行销毁。
unit：销毁时间单位。
workQueue：存储等待执行线程的工作队列。
threadFactory：创建线程的工厂，一般用默认即可。
handler：拒绝策略，当工作队列、线程池全已满时如何拒绝新任务，默认抛出异常。

线程池工作流程

1、如果线程池中的线程小于corePoolSize时就会创建新线程直接执行任务。

2、如果线程池中的线程大于corePoolSize时就会暂时把任务存储到工作队列workQueue中等待执行。

3、如果工作队列workQueue也满时：当线程数小于最大线程池数maximumPoolSize时就会创建新线程来处理，而线程数大于等于最大线程池数maximumPoolSize时就会执行拒绝策略。

线程池分类

Executors是jdk里面提供的创建线程池的工厂类，它默认提供了4种常用的线程池应用，而不必我们去重复构造。

newFixedThreadPool

固定线程池，核心线程数和最大线程数固定相等，而空闲存活时间为0毫秒，说明此参数也无意义，工作队列为最大为Integer.MAX_VALUE大小的阻塞队列。当执行任务时，如果线程都很忙，就会丢到工作队列等有空闲线程时再执行，队列满就执行默认的拒绝策略。

    /*** Creates a thread pool that reuses a fixed number of threads* operating off a shared unbounded queue.  At any point, at most* {@code nThreads} threads will be active processing tasks.* If additional tasks are submitted when all threads are active,* they will wait in the queue until a thread is available.* If any thread terminates due to a failure during execution* prior to shutdown, a new one will take its place if needed to* execute subsequent tasks.  The threads in the pool will exist* until it is explicitly {@link ExecutorService#shutdown shutdown}.** @param nThreads the number of threads in the pool* @return the newly created thread pool* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code nThreads <= 0}*/public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());}

newCachedThreadPool

带缓冲线程池，从构造看核心线程数为0，最大线程数为Integer最大值大小，超过0个的空闲线程在60秒后销毁，SynchronousQueue这是一个直接提交的队列，意味着每个新任务都会有线程来执行，如果线程池有可用线程则执行任务，没有的话就创建一个来执行，线程池中的线程数不确定，一般建议执行速度较快较小的线程，不然这个最大线程池边界过大容易造成内存溢出。

    /*** Creates a thread pool that creates new threads as needed, but* will reuse previously constructed threads when they are* available.  These pools will typically improve the performance* of programs that execute many short-lived asynchronous tasks.* Calls to {@code execute} will reuse previously constructed* threads if available. If no existing thread is available, a new* thread will be created and added to the pool. Threads that have* not been used for sixty seconds are terminated and removed from* the cache. Thus, a pool that remains idle for long enough will* not consume any resources. Note that pools with similar* properties but different details (for example, timeout parameters)* may be created using {@link ThreadPoolExecutor} constructors.** @return the newly created thread pool*/public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());}

newSingleThreadExecutor

单线程线程池，核心线程数和最大线程数均为1，空闲线程存活0毫秒同样无意思，意味着每次只执行一个线程，多余的先存储到工作队列，一个一个执行，保证了线程的顺序执行。

    /*** Creates an Executor that uses a single worker thread operating* off an unbounded queue. (Note however that if this single* thread terminates due to a failure during execution prior to* shutdown, a new one will take its place if needed to execute* subsequent tasks.)  Tasks are guaranteed to execute* sequentially, and no more than one task will be active at any* given time. Unlike the otherwise equivalent* {@code newFixedThreadPool(1)} the returned executor is* guaranteed not to be reconfigurable to use additional threads.** @return the newly created single-threaded Executor*/public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService(new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));}

newScheduledThreadPool

调度线程池，即按一定的周期执行任务，即定时任务，对ThreadPoolExecutor进行了包装而已。

    /*** Creates a thread pool that can schedule commands to run after a* given delay, or to execute periodically.* @param corePoolSize the number of threads to keep in the pool,* even if they are idle* @return a newly created scheduled thread pool* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code corePoolSize < 0}*/public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(int corePoolSize) {return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize);}

拒绝策略

AbortPolicy

简单粗暴，直接抛出拒绝异常，这也是默认的拒绝策略。

    /*** A handler for rejected tasks that throws a* {@code RejectedExecutionException}.*/public static class AbortPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {/*** Creates an {@code AbortPolicy}.*/public AbortPolicy() { }/*** Always throws RejectedExecutionException.** @param r the runnable task requested to be executed* @param e the executor attempting to execute this task* @throws RejectedExecutionException always*/public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {throw new RejectedExecutionException("Task " + r.toString() +" rejected from " +e.toString());}}

    /*** The default rejected execution handler*/private static final RejectedExecutionHandler defaultHandler =new AbortPolicy();

CallerRunsPolicy

如果线程池未关闭，则会在调用者线程中直接执行新任务，这会导致主线程提交线程性能变慢。

    /*** A handler for rejected tasks that runs the rejected task* directly in the calling thread of the {@code execute} method,* unless the executor has been shut down, in which case the task* is discarded.*/public static class CallerRunsPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {/*** Creates a {@code CallerRunsPolicy}.*/public CallerRunsPolicy() { }/*** Executes task r in the caller's thread, unless the executor* has been shut down, in which case the task is discarded.** @param r the runnable task requested to be executed* @param e the executor attempting to execute this task*/public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {if (!e.isShutdown()) {r.run();}}}

DiscardPolicy

从方法看没做任务操作，即表示不处理新任务，即丢弃。

    /*** A handler for rejected tasks that silently discards the* rejected task.*/public static class DiscardPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {/*** Creates a {@code DiscardPolicy}.*/public DiscardPolicy() { }/*** Does nothing, which has the effect of discarding task r.** @param r the runnable task requested to be executed* @param e the executor attempting to execute this task*/public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {}}

DiscardOldestPolicy

抛弃最老的任务，就是从队列取出最老的任务然后放入新的任务进行执行。

    /*** A handler for rejected tasks that discards the oldest unhandled* request and then retries {@code execute}, unless the executor* is shut down, in which case the task is discarded.*/public static class DiscardOldestPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {/*** Creates a {@code DiscardOldestPolicy} for the given executor.*/public DiscardOldestPolicy() { }/*** Obtains and ignores the next task that the executor* would otherwise execute, if one is immediately available,* and then retries execution of task r, unless the executor* is shut down, in which case task r is instead discarded.** @param r the runnable task requested to be executed* @param e the executor attempting to execute this task*/public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {if (!e.isShutdown()) {e.getQueue().poll();e.execute(r);}}}

如何提交线程

如可以先随便定义一个固定大小的线程池

ExecutorService es = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);

提交一个线程

es.submit(xxRunnble);
es.execute(xxRunnble);

submit和execute分别有什么区别呢？

execute没有返回值，如果不需要知道线程的结果就使用execute方法，性能会好很多。

submit返回一个Future对象，如果想知道线程结果就使用submit提交，而且它能在主线程中通过Future的get方法捕获线程中的异常。

如何关闭线程池

es.shutdown();

不再接受新的任务，之前提交的任务等执行结束再关闭线程池。

es.shutdownNow();

不再接受新的任务，试图停止池中的任务再关闭线程池，返回所有未处理的线程list列表。

java高级应用：线程池全面解析相关推荐

四种Java线程池用法解析
四种Java线程池用法解析本文为大家分析四种Java线程池用法,供大家参考,具体内容如下 http://www.jb51.net/article/81843.htm 1.new Thread的弊端 ...
Java并发编程——线程池的使用
在前面的文章中,我们使用线程的时候就去创建一个线程,这样实现起来非常简便,但是就会有一个问题: 如果并发的线程数量很多,并且每个线程都是执行一个时间很短的任务就结束了,这样频繁创建线程就会大大降低系统 ...
java workerdone_【架构】Java并发编程——线程池的使用
前言如果我们要使用线程的时候就去创建一个,这样虽然非常简便,但是就会有一个问题: 如果并发的线程数量很多,并且每个线程都是执行一个时间很短的任务就结束了,这样频繁创建线程就会大大降低系统的效率,因为 ...
[转]new Thread的弊端及Java四种线程池的使用
介绍new Thread的弊端及Java四种线程池的使用,对Android同样适用.本文是基础篇,后面会分享下线程池一些高级功能. 1.new Thread的弊端执行一个异步任务你还只是如下new ...
Java 四种线程池
原文介绍new Thread的弊端及Java四种线程池的使用,对Android同样适用.本文是基础篇,后面会分享下线程池一些高级功能. 1.new Thread的弊端执行一个异步任务你还只是如下n ...
万字图文 | 学会Java中的线程池，这一篇也许就够了！
来源:一枝花算不算浪漫线程池原理思维导图.png 前言 Java中的线程池已经不是什么神秘的技术了,相信在看的读者在项目中也都有使用过.关于线程池的文章也是数不胜数,我们站在巨人的肩膀上来再次梳理一 ...
Java常用四大线程池用法以及ThreadPoolExecutor详解
2019独角兽企业重金招聘Python工程师标准>>> 为什么用线程池? 1.创建/销毁线程伴随着系统开销,过于频繁的创建/销毁线程,会很大程度上影响处-理效率 2.线程并发数量过多 ...
四十七、面试前，必须搞懂Java中的线程池ThreadPoolExecutor（上篇）
@Author:Runsen @Date:2020/6/9 人生最重要的不是所站的位置,而是内心所朝的方向.只要我在每篇博文中写得自己体会,修炼身心:在每天的不断重复学习中,耐住寂寞,练就真功,不畏艰 ...
java异常_Java线程池「异常处理」正确姿势：有病就得治
假设我们有一个线程池,由于程序需要,我们向该线程池中提交了好多好多任务,但是这些任务都没有对异常进行try catch处理,并且运行的时候都抛出了异常 .这会对线程池的运行带来什么影响? 正确答案是 ...
自定义线程池-java内置线程池构造方法介绍
Java内置线程池原理剖析我们要想自定义线程池,必须先了解线程池的工作原理,才能自己定义线程池:这里我们通过观察java中ThreadPoolExecutor的源码来学习线程池的原理; Thread ...

java高级应用：线程池全面解析

什么是线程池？

线程池的好处

线程池核心类

线程池工作流程

线程池分类

newFixedThreadPool

newCachedThreadPool

newSingleThreadExecutor

newScheduledThreadPool

拒绝策略

AbortPolicy

CallerRunsPolicy

DiscardPolicy

DiscardOldestPolicy

如何提交线程

如何关闭线程池

java高级应用：线程池全面解析相关推荐

最新文章

热门文章