CentOS操作系统安装和配置

规划设计：

CentOS 764bit最小化安装利用应答文件，安装为核心安装，配置好CentOS基本应用和网络。为后期基本服务器的安装做准备。（本安装为虚拟机安装）

准备：

VMware 10 、CentOS 7.0的镜像文件，安装的应答文件

应答文件位置：http://192.168.188.1/mini.txt

最小化安装

1、通过kickstart文件来简化管理

（系统安装应答文件）

# CentOS 7 64bit 用于生产环境的最小安装14:57 2014/8/8 # System authorization information auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512 # Use CDROM installation media cdrom text # Run the Setup Agent on first boot firstboot --enable ignoredisk --only-use=sda # Keyboard layouts keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us' # System language lang en_US.UTF-8 # Network information #network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eno16777728 --onboot=no --ipv6=auto network --onboot yes --device eno16777728--bootproto dhcp --noipv6 network --hostname=localhost.localdomain # Root password rootpw 123456 firewall --disable selinux --disable # System timezone timezone --utc Asia/Shanghai # System bootloader configuration bootloader --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda autopart --type=lvm # Partition clearing information clearpart --none --initlabel reboot %packages @core @base net-tools %end

安装过程

新建虚拟机

选择稍后安装系统

选着CentOS 7 64位版本

选择保存路径

虚拟机的基本设置

编辑虚拟机设置添加镜像文件

CentOS 7的配置

查看版本是否为核心安装

#vi /root/anaconda-ks.cfg

#version=RHEL7 # Systemauthorization information auth--enableshadow --passalgo=sha512 # UseCDROM installation media cdrom # Runthe Setup Agent on first boot firstboot--enable ignoredisk--only-use=sda #Keyboard layouts keyboard--vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us' # Systemlanguage langen_US.UTF-8 #Network information network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=eno16777728--onboot=off --ipv6=auto network  --hostname=localhost.localdomain # Rootpassword rootpw--iscrypted$6$KhmzmAaNjyIUkdcz$LuLpRinp9xPHnUTfDas0t0E/sKu6iw/eNgiqDzR2cu6vUSHnoTcSk5xH2BqSCpcQpIg7D4hvzbsNH6sTO/2zy1 # Systemtimezone timezoneAmerica/New_York --isUtc # Systembootloader configuration bootloader--location=mbr --boot-drive=sda autopart--type=lvm #Partition clearing information clearpart--none --initlabel %packages @core %end

网络命令查看IP

# ifconfig

-bash: ifconfig: command not found             //没有发现这个命令

# find /-name ifconfig                          //查询这个命令对应的目录

没有这个文件

在RHEL 6.4上查看一下ifconfig属于那个包

# rpm -qf/sbin/ifconfig                          //查看这个命令所依赖的包

net-tools-1.60-110.el6_2.x86_64

CentOS的Mini最小化安装@core中没有包含net-tools包

# mount/dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom/                   //挂载光驱到目录

# cd/mnt/cdrom/Packages/                        //进入目录

# rpm -ivhnet-tools-2.0-0.17.20131004git.el7.x86_64.rpm  //安装包

warning:net-tools-2.0-0.17.20131004git.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature,key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY

Preparing...                         ################################# [100%]

Updating / installing...

1:net-tools-2.0-0.17.20131004git.el#################################[100%]

# ifconfig                                          //再次查看

eno16777728: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500

inet 192.168.188.135  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.188.255

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feda:bd96 prefixlen 64  scopeid0x20<link>

ether 00:0c:29:da:bd:96 txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

RX packets 326  bytes 31288 (30.5KiB)

RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0 frame 0

TX packets 297  bytes 45257 (44.1KiB)

TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo:flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu65536

        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0

        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>

        loop txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)

        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)

RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0 frame 0

TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)

TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns0  carrier 0  collisions 0

# cd/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/         //进入网络配置目录

# ls

ifcfg-eno16777728 ifdown-Team      ifup-post

ifcfg-lo          ifdown-TeamPort  ifup-ppp

ifdown            ifdown-tunnel    ifup-routes

ifdown-bnep       ifup             ifup-sit

ifdown-eth        ifup-aliases     ifup-Team

ifdown-ippp       ifup-bnep        ifup-TeamPort

ifdown-ipv6       ifup-eth         ifup-tunnel

ifdown-isdn       ifup-ippp        ifup-wireless

ifdown-post       ifup-ipv6        init.ipv6-global

ifdown-ppp        ifup-isdn        network-functions

ifdown-routes     ifup-plip       network-functions-ipv6

ifdown-sit        ifup-plusb

# viifcfg-eno16777728                            //修改网络配置文件

HWADDR=00:0C:29:DA:BD:96

TYPE=Ethernet

BOOTPROTO=dhcp

DEFROUTE=yes

PEERDNS=yes

PEERROUTES=yes

IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no

IPV6INIT=yes

IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes

IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes

IPV6_PEERDNS=yes

IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes

IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no

NAME=eno16777728

UUID=084273bf-9ad7-4a16-bb0f-1464f48ee355

ONBOOT=no  <--  修改为yes

Tip： 可以通过ipa s命令来查看本机IP地址

# ip a s

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdiscnoqueue state UNKNOWN

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

inet127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6::1/128 scope host

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: eno16777728:<BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:da:bd:96 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet192.168.188.135/24 brd 192.168.188.255 scope global dynamic eno16777728

valid_lft 1550sec preferred_lft 1550sec

inet6fe80::20c:29ff:feda:bd96/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

# service network restart                               //重启网络服务

重启CentOS 7 基本配置完成

总结：

CentOS的核心安装也是他的最小化安装，这样可以为基本服务器的安装提供一个干净的实验环境。另外也可以让我们后期的试验中了解CentOS 7的功能，让和我一样的菜鸟了解个多的东西。