1.引言

在BPMN中，可以通过改变“Timer Start Event” 启动节点的启动类型来自动启动流程实例。
其提供了下面三种定时自动触发流程实例的模式：

  • 指定固定的时间点启动一个新的流程实例
  • 指定相对延迟时间启动一个新的流程实例
  • 周期性的启动一个新的流程实例

下面分别就上面的三种方式进行设计和实验~
三种使用方式，如下：
（1）Date：特定时间（例：2022-05-25T16:00:00）
其支持的是ISO 8601标准，需要注意是，如果最后带了“Z”，说明用的是带时区的时间。
比如下面的例子，
2019-10-01T12:00:00Z - UTC time
2019-10-02T08:09:40+02:00 - UTC plus two hours zone offset 相对UTC时区加了2个时区
2019-10-02T08:09:40+02:00[Europe/Berlin] - UTC plus two hours zone offset at Berlin

如果不加Z表示就是当地的时间。 比如这个2022-05-25T16:00:00设置，其意思就是流程部署后，会在应用部署的时区内2022-05-25 16:00的时候启动一次而且仅仅一次~

（2）Duration: 延迟时间（例：PT10M）
Duration的格式符合ISO_8601标准，其格式如下：

  • P(n)Y(n)M(n)DT(n)H(n)M(n)S 其中n代表的具体的数值
  • PnW

其具体说明如下：

  • P is the duration designator (for period) placed at the start of the duration representation. 主要指周期
  • Y is the year designator that follows the value for the number of years. 代表年
  • M is the month designator that follows the value for the number of months. 代表月
  • W is the week designator that follows the value for the number of weeks. 代表周的缩写
  • D is the day designator that follows the value for the number of days. 代表天的缩写
  • T is the time designator that precedes the time components of the representation. 代表前置时间
  • H is the hour designator that follows the value for the number of hours. 代表小时
  • M is the minute designator that follows the value for the number of minutes. 代表分钟
  • S is the second designator that follows the value for the number of seconds. 代表秒

其中P, Y, M, W, D, T, H, M, and S 能被忽略但是不能被替换

比如：PT10M标识其在部署后，10分钟后启动流程~

再来看一些例子：
PT15S - 15 seconds 15秒后创建一个流程实例~
PT1H30M - 1 hour and 30 minutes 1个小时30分钟后创建一个流程实例~
P14D - 14 days 14天后创建流程~
P14DT1H30M - 14 days, 1 hour and 30 minutes 14天1小时30分钟后创建一个流程实例~
P3Y6M4DT12H30M5S - 3 years, 6 months, 4 days, 12 hours, 30 minutes and 5 seconds 3年6个月4天12个小时30分5秒后创建一个流程实例~

（3）Cycle：循环时间（例：RS3/2022-05-25T16:00:00/PT30S）
Cycle支持的标准是ISO_8601的重复间隔标准，
下面是具体的例子：
R5/PT10S: Every 10 seconds, up to five times 每10秒触发一次，最多5次
R/P1D: Every day, infinitely ； 每天触发一次，无限循环
当然其也支持Cron的正则表达式，
比如下面就代表其当前的流程实例每隔5分钟就会启动一次：

0 0/5 * * * ?

下面举一个例子，比如下面的2022-05-25T16:00:00，每间隔30s就会触发一次，总共触发3次；

格式解析
RS3/2022-05-25T16:00:00/PT30S
重复次数/开始时间/运行间隔
重复次数：R - 将永远重复；R3- 将重复3次。
开始时间 ：2021年11月19日16点00分00秒开始
运行间隔 ：30秒

例如： P1Y2M3DT2H10M30S 表示间隔1年2个月3天2小时10分钟30秒
PT2M 表示间隔2分钟（Per Time 2 minutes）
注意:T是时间和日期分的割标记，如果没有年月日"T"也不能省略

  • 计时器启动事件可用特定时间或者循环时间
  • 中间计时器事件可用特定时间或延迟时间。
  • 周期时间用于计时器启动事件或附加的非中断计时器边界事件

2.Camunda的实现原理

通过观察Camunda的数据库的变化，我们可以推测出其实现的原理。下面一个一个的来看：
（1）Date：特定时间（例：2022-05-25T10:40:00）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<bpmn:definitions xmlns:bpmn="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/MODEL" xmlns:bpmndi="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/DI" xmlns:dc="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DC" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:camunda="http://camunda.org/schema/1.0/bpmn" xmlns:di="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DI" xmlns:modeler="http://camunda.org/schema/modeler/1.0" id="Definitions_1mnxduk" targetNamespace="http://bpmn.io/schema/bpmn" exporter="Camunda Modeler" exporterVersion="4.11.1" modeler:executionPlatform="Camunda Platform" modeler:executionPlatformVersion="7.15.0"><bpmn:process id="Process_14pjj1v" name="请假流程" isExecutable="true"><bpmn:startEvent id="StartEvent_1" name="特定时间启动"><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_1ihjej0</bpmn:outgoing><bpmn:timerEventDefinition id="TimerEventDefinition_0bshgz6"><bpmn:timeDate xsi:type="bpmn:tFormalExpression">2022-05-24T10:53:00</bpmn:timeDate></bpmn:timerEventDefinition></bpmn:startEvent><bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_1ihjej0" sourceRef="StartEvent_1" targetRef="Activity_1tiqpqb" /><bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_0748tlu" sourceRef="Activity_1tiqpqb" targetRef="Activity_0jzwi5i" /><bpmn:endEvent id="Event_1yb23ri" name="结束"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_0a6rwts</bpmn:incoming></bpmn:endEvent><bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_0a6rwts" sourceRef="Activity_0jzwi5i" targetRef="Event_1yb23ri" /><bpmn:userTask id="Activity_1tiqpqb" name="请假" camunda:assignee="demo"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_1ihjej0</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_0748tlu</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:userTask><bpmn:userTask id="Activity_0jzwi5i" name="审批" camunda:assignee="demo"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_0748tlu</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_0a6rwts</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:userTask></bpmn:process><bpmndi:BPMNDiagram id="BPMNDiagram_1"><bpmndi:BPMNPlane id="BPMNPlane_1" bpmnElement="Process_14pjj1v"><bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_1ihjej0_di" bpmnElement="Flow_1ihjej0"><di:waypoint x="215" y="117" /><di:waypoint x="270" y="117" /></bpmndi:BPMNEdge><bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_0748tlu_di" bpmnElement="Flow_0748tlu"><di:waypoint x="370" y="117" /><di:waypoint x="430" y="117" /></bpmndi:BPMNEdge><bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_0a6rwts_di" bpmnElement="Flow_0a6rwts"><di:waypoint x="530" y="117" /><di:waypoint x="592" y="117" /></bpmndi:BPMNEdge><bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Event_1xfvi9y_di" bpmnElement="StartEvent_1"><dc:Bounds x="179" y="99" width="36" height="36" /><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="165" y="142" width="65" height="14" /></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNShape><bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Event_1yb23ri_di" bpmnElement="Event_1yb23ri"><dc:Bounds x="592" y="99" width="36" height="36" /><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="599" y="142" width="22" height="14" /></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNShape><bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Activity_0sq8nj2_di" bpmnElement="Activity_1tiqpqb"><dc:Bounds x="270" y="77" width="100" height="80" /></bpmndi:BPMNShape><bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Activity_0pt371x_di" bpmnElement="Activity_0jzwi5i"><dc:Bounds x="430" y="77" width="100" height="80" /></bpmndi:BPMNShape></bpmndi:BPMNPlane></bpmndi:BPMNDiagram>
</bpmn:definitions>

部署之后，查询 select * from ACT_RU_JOB，其里面添加了一条新的数据；

 select * from ACT_RU_JOB

{"select * from ACT_RU_JOB": [{"ID_" : "225e7949-db0c-11ec-8676-005056c00008","REV_" : 1,"TYPE_" : "timer","LOCK_EXP_TIME_" : null,"LOCK_OWNER_" : null,"EXCLUSIVE_" : 1,"EXECUTION_ID_" : null,"PROCESS_INSTANCE_ID_" : null,"PROCESS_DEF_ID_" : "Process_14pjj1v:1:225d19b7-db0c-11ec-8676-005056c00008","PROCESS_DEF_KEY_" : "Process_14pjj1v","RETRIES_" : 3,"EXCEPTION_STACK_ID_" : null,"EXCEPTION_MSG_" : null,"FAILED_ACT_ID_" : null,"DUEDATE_" : "2022-05-24 10:53:00","REPEAT_" : null,"REPEAT_OFFSET_" : 0,"HANDLER_TYPE_" : "timer-start-event","HANDLER_CFG_" : "Process_14pjj1v","DEPLOYMENT_ID_" : "22577465-db0c-11ec-8676-005056c00008","SUSPENSION_STATE_" : 1,"JOB_DEF_ID_" : "225d19b8-db0c-11ec-8676-005056c00008","PRIORITY_" : 0,"SEQUENCE_COUNTER_" : 1,"TENANT_ID_" : null,"CREATE_TIME_" : "2022-05-24 10:49:30"}
]}

Job的定义如下：

{"select * from ACT_RU_JOBDEF": [{"ID_" : "225d19b8-db0c-11ec-8676-005056c00008","REV_" : 1,"PROC_DEF_ID_" : "Process_14pjj1v:1:225d19b7-db0c-11ec-8676-005056c00008","PROC_DEF_KEY_" : "Process_14pjj1v","ACT_ID_" : "StartEvent_1","JOB_TYPE_" : "timer-start-event","JOB_CONFIGURATION_" : "DATE: 2022-05-24T10:53:00","SUSPENSION_STATE_" : 1,"JOB_PRIORITY_" : null,"TENANT_ID_" : null,"DEPLOYMENT_ID_" : null}
]}

同时执行查询 select * from ACT_RU_TASK， 其表是空的

这个时候，我们看到用户任务里面没有待审批的工作流，表ACT_RU_TASK和ACT_RU_EXECUTION
也查询不到数据。

等到2022-05-24T10:53的时候，我们可以看到任务出现在Demo用户下：

同时，表ACT_RU_JOB里面的响应记录被删除；表ACT_RU_TASK和ACT_RU_EXECUTION有执行记录。

{"select * from ACT_RU_TASK": [{"ID_" : "ad612c9e-db0c-11ec-8676-005056c00008","REV_" : 1,"EXECUTION_ID_" : "ad60de7b-db0c-11ec-8676-005056c00008","PROC_INST_ID_" : "ad60de7b-db0c-11ec-8676-005056c00008","PROC_DEF_ID_" : "Process_14pjj1v:1:225d19b7-db0c-11ec-8676-005056c00008","CASE_EXECUTION_ID_" : null,"CASE_INST_ID_" : null,"CASE_DEF_ID_" : null,"NAME_" : "请假","PARENT_TASK_ID_" : null,"DESCRIPTION_" : null,"TASK_DEF_KEY_" : "Activity_1tiqpqb","OWNER_" : null,"ASSIGNEE_" : "demo","DELEGATION_" : null,"PRIORITY_" : 50,"CREATE_TIME_" : "2022-05-24 10:53:24","DUE_DATE_" : null,"FOLLOW_UP_DATE_" : null,"SUSPENSION_STATE_" : 1,"TENANT_ID_" : null}
]}{"select * from ACT_RU_EXECUTION": [{"ID_" : "ad60de7b-db0c-11ec-8676-005056c00008","REV_" : 1,"ROOT_PROC_INST_ID_" : "ad60de7b-db0c-11ec-8676-005056c00008","PROC_INST_ID_" : "ad60de7b-db0c-11ec-8676-005056c00008","BUSINESS_KEY_" : null,"PARENT_ID_" : null,"PROC_DEF_ID_" : "Process_14pjj1v:1:225d19b7-db0c-11ec-8676-005056c00008","SUPER_EXEC_" : null,"SUPER_CASE_EXEC_" : null,"CASE_INST_ID_" : null,"ACT_ID_" : "Activity_1tiqpqb","ACT_INST_ID_" : "Activity_1tiqpqb:ad61058d-db0c-11ec-8676-005056c00008","IS_ACTIVE_" : 1,"IS_CONCURRENT_" : 0,"IS_SCOPE_" : 1,"IS_EVENT_SCOPE_" : 0,"SUSPENSION_STATE_" : 1,"CACHED_ENT_STATE_" : 2,"SEQUENCE_COUNTER_" : 3,"TENANT_ID_" : null}
]}

（2）Duration: 延迟时间（例：PT3M，PT60S）
下面让当前的任务在部署后延迟3分钟后启动，流程如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<bpmn:definitions xmlns:bpmn="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/MODEL" xmlns:bpmndi="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/DI" xmlns:dc="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DC" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:camunda="http://camunda.org/schema/1.0/bpmn" xmlns:di="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DI" xmlns:modeler="http://camunda.org/schema/modeler/1.0" id="Definitions_07guhgc" targetNamespace="http://bpmn.io/schema/bpmn" exporter="Camunda Modeler" exporterVersion="4.11.1" modeler:executionPlatform="Camunda Platform" modeler:executionPlatformVersion="7.15.0"><bpmn:process id="Process_1l8shll" name="定时启动流程" isExecutable="true"><bpmn:startEvent id="StartEvent_1" name="定时启动"><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_1vlwakc</bpmn:outgoing><bpmn:timerEventDefinition id="TimerEventDefinition_0qlgfxu"><bpmn:timeDuration xsi:type="bpmn:tFormalExpression">PT3M</bpmn:timeDuration></bpmn:timerEventDefinition></bpmn:startEvent><bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_1vlwakc" sourceRef="StartEvent_1" targetRef="Activity_1v7sbrd" /><bpmn:endEvent id="Event_0pi412e" name="结束"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_07cx1sg</bpmn:incoming></bpmn:endEvent><bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_07cx1sg" sourceRef="Activity_1v7sbrd" targetRef="Event_0pi412e" /><bpmn:userTask id="Activity_1v7sbrd" name="定时启动触发的任务" camunda:assignee="demo"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_1vlwakc</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_07cx1sg</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:userTask></bpmn:process><bpmndi:BPMNDiagram id="BPMNDiagram_1"><bpmndi:BPMNPlane id="BPMNPlane_1" bpmnElement="Process_1l8shll"><bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_1vlwakc_di" bpmnElement="Flow_1vlwakc"><di:waypoint x="215" y="117" /><di:waypoint x="270" y="117" /></bpmndi:BPMNEdge><bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_07cx1sg_di" bpmnElement="Flow_07cx1sg"><di:waypoint x="370" y="117" /><di:waypoint x="432" y="117" /></bpmndi:BPMNEdge><bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Event_0iv489d_di" bpmnElement="StartEvent_1"><dc:Bounds x="179" y="99" width="36" height="36" /><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="176" y="142" width="43" height="14" /></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNShape><bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Event_0pi412e_di" bpmnElement="Event_0pi412e"><dc:Bounds x="432" y="99" width="36" height="36" /><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="439" y="142" width="22" height="14" /></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNShape><bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Activity_1gvk3cr_di" bpmnElement="Activity_1v7sbrd"><dc:Bounds x="270" y="77" width="100" height="80" /></bpmndi:BPMNShape></bpmndi:BPMNPlane></bpmndi:BPMNDiagram>
</bpmn:definitions>

部署之后，咱们查看数据库：表ACT_RU_JOB和ACT_RU_JOBDEF有数据；
ACT_RU_TASK和ACT_RU_EXECUTION没有数据。
当前用户[demo]的用户任务里面没有任务

{"select * from ACT_RU_JOB": [{"ID_" : "5da0d864-db0e-11ec-8676-005056c00008","REV_" : 1,"TYPE_" : "timer","LOCK_EXP_TIME_" : null,"LOCK_OWNER_" : null,"EXCLUSIVE_" : 1,"EXECUTION_ID_" : null,"PROCESS_INSTANCE_ID_" : null,"PROCESS_DEF_ID_" : "Process_1l8shll:1:5d9fc6f2-db0e-11ec-8676-005056c00008","PROCESS_DEF_KEY_" : "Process_1l8shll","RETRIES_" : 3,"EXCEPTION_STACK_ID_" : null,"EXCEPTION_MSG_" : null,"FAILED_ACT_ID_" : null,"DUEDATE_" : "2022-05-24 11:08:29","REPEAT_" : null,"REPEAT_OFFSET_" : 0,"HANDLER_TYPE_" : "timer-start-event","HANDLER_CFG_" : "Process_1l8shll","DEPLOYMENT_ID_" : "5d984ce0-db0e-11ec-8676-005056c00008","SUSPENSION_STATE_" : 1,"JOB_DEF_ID_" : "5d9fc6f3-db0e-11ec-8676-005056c00008","PRIORITY_" : 0,"SEQUENCE_COUNTER_" : 1,"TENANT_ID_" : null,"CREATE_TIME_" : "2022-05-24 11:05:29"}
]}
{"select * from ACT_RU_JOBDEF": [{"ID_" : "5d9fc6f3-db0e-11ec-8676-005056c00008","REV_" : 1,"PROC_DEF_ID_" : "Process_1l8shll:1:5d9fc6f2-db0e-11ec-8676-005056c00008","PROC_DEF_KEY_" : "Process_1l8shll","ACT_ID_" : "StartEvent_1","JOB_TYPE_" : "timer-start-event","JOB_CONFIGURATION_" : "DURATION: PT3M","SUSPENSION_STATE_" : 1,"JOB_PRIORITY_" : null,"TENANT_ID_" : null,"DEPLOYMENT_ID_" : null}
]}

从上面的ACT_RU_JOB表里面，我们可以看到有一个DUEDATE_的字段，其估计在2022-05-24 11:08:29的时候启动流程；但是我们发现流程的启动不是那么精确，下面将会具体确认。

  • 经过3分钟后，我们查询数据库。
  • 表ACT_RU_JOB已经没有数据
  • 表ACT_RU_JOB和ACT_RU_EXECUTION里面的数据如下：
{"select * from ACT_RU_TASK": [{"ID_" : "e1835b89-db0e-11ec-8676-005056c00008","REV_" : 1,"EXECUTION_ID_" : "e182e656-db0e-11ec-8676-005056c00008","PROC_INST_ID_" : "e182e656-db0e-11ec-8676-005056c00008","PROC_DEF_ID_" : "Process_1l8shll:1:5d9fc6f2-db0e-11ec-8676-005056c00008","CASE_EXECUTION_ID_" : null,"CASE_INST_ID_" : null,"CASE_DEF_ID_" : null,"NAME_" : "定时启动触发的任务","PARENT_TASK_ID_" : null,"DESCRIPTION_" : null,"TASK_DEF_KEY_" : "Activity_1v7sbrd","OWNER_" : null,"ASSIGNEE_" : "demo","DELEGATION_" : null,"PRIORITY_" : 50,"CREATE_TIME_" : "2022-05-24 11:09:10","DUE_DATE_" : null,"FOLLOW_UP_DATE_" : null,"SUSPENSION_STATE_" : 1,"TENANT_ID_" : null}
]}
{"select * from ACT_RU_EXECUTION": [{"ID_" : "e182e656-db0e-11ec-8676-005056c00008","REV_" : 1,"ROOT_PROC_INST_ID_" : "e182e656-db0e-11ec-8676-005056c00008","PROC_INST_ID_" : "e182e656-db0e-11ec-8676-005056c00008","BUSINESS_KEY_" : null,"PARENT_ID_" : null,"PROC_DEF_ID_" : "Process_1l8shll:1:5d9fc6f2-db0e-11ec-8676-005056c00008","SUPER_EXEC_" : null,"SUPER_CASE_EXEC_" : null,"CASE_INST_ID_" : null,"ACT_ID_" : "Activity_1v7sbrd","ACT_INST_ID_" : "Activity_1v7sbrd:e1833478-db0e-11ec-8676-005056c00008","IS_ACTIVE_" : 1,"IS_CONCURRENT_" : 0,"IS_SCOPE_" : 1,"IS_EVENT_SCOPE_" : 0,"SUSPENSION_STATE_" : 1,"CACHED_ENT_STATE_" : 2,"SEQUENCE_COUNTER_" : 3,"TENANT_ID_" : null}
]}

从上面的表ACT_RU_TASK，里面的用户任务创建的时间来看，其是在2022-05-24 11:09:10 被创建的；说明和预估的时间有几十秒的差异；大家在使用定时任务的时候可能要特别注意。

（3）Cycle：循环时间（例：R3/2022-05-24T11:40:00/PT30S）
当前例子触发的条件，R3/2022-05-24T13:45:00/PT30S

其流程的文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<bpmn:definitions xmlns:bpmn="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/MODEL" xmlns:bpmndi="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/DI" xmlns:dc="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DC" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:camunda="http://camunda.org/schema/1.0/bpmn" xmlns:di="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DI" xmlns:modeler="http://camunda.org/schema/modeler/1.0" id="Definitions_0q7aoqg" targetNamespace="http://bpmn.io/schema/bpmn" exporter="Camunda Modeler" exporterVersion="4.11.1" modeler:executionPlatform="Camunda Platform" modeler:executionPlatformVersion="7.15.0"><bpmn:process id="Process_1xbub4w" name="循环执行流程" isExecutable="true"><bpmn:startEvent id="StartEvent_1" name="启动循环执行"><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_0iu9vjx</bpmn:outgoing><bpmn:timerEventDefinition id="TimerEventDefinition_0twu21y"><bpmn:timeCycle xsi:type="bpmn:tFormalExpression">R3/2022-05-24T13:45:00/PT30S</bpmn:timeCycle></bpmn:timerEventDefinition></bpmn:startEvent><bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_0iu9vjx" sourceRef="StartEvent_1" targetRef="Activity_1cozyk4" /><bpmn:userTask id="Activity_1cozyk4" name="循环执行用户任务" camunda:assignee="demo"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_0iu9vjx</bpmn:incoming><bpmn:outgoing>Flow_0e5x62x</bpmn:outgoing></bpmn:userTask><bpmn:endEvent id="Event_1yjhcvb" name="结束"><bpmn:incoming>Flow_0e5x62x</bpmn:incoming></bpmn:endEvent><bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_0e5x62x" sourceRef="Activity_1cozyk4" targetRef="Event_1yjhcvb" /></bpmn:process><bpmndi:BPMNDiagram id="BPMNDiagram_1"><bpmndi:BPMNPlane id="BPMNPlane_1" bpmnElement="Process_1xbub4w"><bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_0iu9vjx_di" bpmnElement="Flow_0iu9vjx"><di:waypoint x="215" y="117" /><di:waypoint x="310" y="117" /></bpmndi:BPMNEdge><bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_0e5x62x_di" bpmnElement="Flow_0e5x62x"><di:waypoint x="410" y="117" /><di:waypoint x="502" y="117" /></bpmndi:BPMNEdge><bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Event_1w01fbs_di" bpmnElement="StartEvent_1"><dc:Bounds x="179" y="99" width="36" height="36" /><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="165" y="142" width="66" height="14" /></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNShape><bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Event_1yjhcvb_di" bpmnElement="Event_1yjhcvb"><dc:Bounds x="502" y="99" width="36" height="36" /><bpmndi:BPMNLabel><dc:Bounds x="509" y="142" width="22" height="14" /></bpmndi:BPMNLabel></bpmndi:BPMNShape><bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Activity_1kfy0rr_di" bpmnElement="Activity_1cozyk4"><dc:Bounds x="310" y="77" width="100" height="80" /></bpmndi:BPMNShape></bpmndi:BPMNPlane></bpmndi:BPMNDiagram>
</bpmn:definitions>

部署之后，其将会自动触发~
查询ACT_RU_JOB和ACT_RU_JOBDEF，其结果如下：

{"select * from ACT_RU_JOB": [{"ID_" : "46f5ebf6-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","REV_" : 1,"TYPE_" : "timer","LOCK_EXP_TIME_" : null,"LOCK_OWNER_" : null,"EXCLUSIVE_" : 1,"EXECUTION_ID_" : null,"PROCESS_INSTANCE_ID_" : null,"PROCESS_DEF_ID_" : "Process_1xbub4w:1:46f4da84-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","PROCESS_DEF_KEY_" : "Process_1xbub4w","RETRIES_" : 3,"EXCEPTION_STACK_ID_" : null,"EXCEPTION_MSG_" : null,"FAILED_ACT_ID_" : null,"DUEDATE_" : "2022-05-24 13:45:00","REPEAT_" : "R3\/2022-05-24T13:45:00\/PT30S","REPEAT_OFFSET_" : 0,"HANDLER_TYPE_" : "timer-start-event","HANDLER_CFG_" : "Process_1xbub4w","DEPLOYMENT_ID_" : "46ef3532-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","SUSPENSION_STATE_" : 1,"JOB_DEF_ID_" : "46f4da85-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","PRIORITY_" : 0,"SEQUENCE_COUNTER_" : 1,"TENANT_ID_" : null,"CREATE_TIME_" : "2022-05-24 13:42:20"}
]}
{"select * from ACT_RU_JOBDEF": [{"ID_" : "46f4da85-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","REV_" : 1,"PROC_DEF_ID_" : "Process_1xbub4w:1:46f4da84-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","PROC_DEF_KEY_" : "Process_1xbub4w","ACT_ID_" : "StartEvent_1","JOB_TYPE_" : "timer-start-event","JOB_CONFIGURATION_" : "CYCLE: R3\/2022-05-24T13:45:00\/PT30S","SUSPENSION_STATE_" : 1,"JOB_PRIORITY_" : null,"TENANT_ID_" : null,"DEPLOYMENT_ID_" : null}
]}

表ACT_RU_TASK和ACT_RU_EXECUTION还是空的。用户Demo里面的任务也是空的。

等时间流转到2022-05-24T13:45:00。我们再来看表里面的数据。

表ACT_RU_JOB和ACT_RU_JOBDEF定义的数据如下：

{"select * from ACT_RU_JOB": [{"ID_" : "d5d3ddc6-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","REV_" : 1,"TYPE_" : "timer","LOCK_EXP_TIME_" : null,"LOCK_OWNER_" : null,"EXCLUSIVE_" : 1,"EXECUTION_ID_" : null,"PROCESS_INSTANCE_ID_" : null,"PROCESS_DEF_ID_" : "Process_1xbub4w:1:46f4da84-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","PROCESS_DEF_KEY_" : "Process_1xbub4w","RETRIES_" : 3,"EXCEPTION_STACK_ID_" : null,"EXCEPTION_MSG_" : null,"FAILED_ACT_ID_" : null,"DUEDATE_" : "2022-05-24 13:46:30","REPEAT_" : "R3\/2022-05-24T13:45:00\/PT30S","REPEAT_OFFSET_" : 0,"HANDLER_TYPE_" : "timer-start-event","HANDLER_CFG_" : "Process_1xbub4w","DEPLOYMENT_ID_" : "46ef3532-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","SUSPENSION_STATE_" : 1,"JOB_DEF_ID_" : "46f4da85-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","PRIORITY_" : 0,"SEQUENCE_COUNTER_" : 1,"TENANT_ID_" : null,"CREATE_TIME_" : "2022-05-24 13:46:19"}
]}
{"select * from ACT_RU_JOBDEF": [{"ID_" : "46f4da85-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","REV_" : 1,"PROC_DEF_ID_" : "Process_1xbub4w:1:46f4da84-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","PROC_DEF_KEY_" : "Process_1xbub4w","ACT_ID_" : "StartEvent_1","JOB_TYPE_" : "timer-start-event","JOB_CONFIGURATION_" : "CYCLE: R3\/2022-05-24T13:45:00\/PT30S","SUSPENSION_STATE_" : 1,"JOB_PRIORITY_" : null,"TENANT_ID_" : null,"DEPLOYMENT_ID_" : null}
]}

任务栏中出现4次任务

查看表ACT_RU_TASK和表ACT_RU_EXECUTION

{"select * from ACT_RU_TASK": [{"ID_" : "abb0d14d-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","REV_" : 1,"EXECUTION_ID_" : "abb0aa3a-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","PROC_INST_ID_" : "abb0aa3a-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","PROC_DEF_ID_" : "Process_1xbub4w:1:46f4da84-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","CASE_EXECUTION_ID_" : null,"CASE_INST_ID_" : null,"CASE_DEF_ID_" : null,"NAME_" : "循环执行用户任务","PARENT_TASK_ID_" : null,"DESCRIPTION_" : null,"TASK_DEF_KEY_" : "Activity_1cozyk4","OWNER_" : null,"ASSIGNEE_" : "demo","DELEGATION_" : null,"PRIORITY_" : 50,"CREATE_TIME_" : "2022-05-24 13:45:09","DUE_DATE_" : null,"FOLLOW_UP_DATE_" : null,"SUSPENSION_STATE_" : 1,"TENANT_ID_" : null},{"ID_" : "c0b33c56-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","REV_" : 1,"EXECUTION_ID_" : "c0b2ee33-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","PROC_INST_ID_" : "c0b2ee33-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","PROC_DEF_ID_" : "Process_1xbub4w:1:46f4da84-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","CASE_EXECUTION_ID_" : null,"CASE_INST_ID_" : null,"CASE_DEF_ID_" : null,"NAME_" : "循环执行用户任务","PARENT_TASK_ID_" : null,"DESCRIPTION_" : null,"TASK_DEF_KEY_" : "Activity_1cozyk4","OWNER_" : null,"ASSIGNEE_" : "demo","DELEGATION_" : null,"PRIORITY_" : 50,"CREATE_TIME_" : "2022-05-24 13:45:44","DUE_DATE_" : null,"FOLLOW_UP_DATE_" : null,"SUSPENSION_STATE_" : 1,"TENANT_ID_" : null},{"ID_" : "d5d53d5b-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","REV_" : 1,"EXECUTION_ID_" : "d5d4ef38-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","PROC_INST_ID_" : "d5d4ef38-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","PROC_DEF_ID_" : "Process_1xbub4w:1:46f4da84-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","CASE_EXECUTION_ID_" : null,"CASE_INST_ID_" : null,"CASE_DEF_ID_" : null,"NAME_" : "循环执行用户任务","PARENT_TASK_ID_" : null,"DESCRIPTION_" : null,"TASK_DEF_KEY_" : "Activity_1cozyk4","OWNER_" : null,"ASSIGNEE_" : "demo","DELEGATION_" : null,"PRIORITY_" : 50,"CREATE_TIME_" : "2022-05-24 13:46:19","DUE_DATE_" : null,"FOLLOW_UP_DATE_" : null,"SUSPENSION_STATE_" : 1,"TENANT_ID_" : null},{"ID_" : "def5aa62-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","REV_" : 1,"EXECUTION_ID_" : "def5834f-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","PROC_INST_ID_" : "def5834f-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","PROC_DEF_ID_" : "Process_1xbub4w:1:46f4da84-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","CASE_EXECUTION_ID_" : null,"CASE_INST_ID_" : null,"CASE_DEF_ID_" : null,"NAME_" : "循环执行用户任务","PARENT_TASK_ID_" : null,"DESCRIPTION_" : null,"TASK_DEF_KEY_" : "Activity_1cozyk4","OWNER_" : null,"ASSIGNEE_" : "demo","DELEGATION_" : null,"PRIORITY_" : 50,"CREATE_TIME_" : "2022-05-24 13:46:35","DUE_DATE_" : null,"FOLLOW_UP_DATE_" : null,"SUSPENSION_STATE_" : 1,"TENANT_ID_" : null}
]}{"select * from ACT_RU_EXECUTION": [{"ID_" : "abb0aa3a-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","REV_" : 1,"ROOT_PROC_INST_ID_" : "abb0aa3a-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","PROC_INST_ID_" : "abb0aa3a-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","BUSINESS_KEY_" : null,"PARENT_ID_" : null,"PROC_DEF_ID_" : "Process_1xbub4w:1:46f4da84-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","SUPER_EXEC_" : null,"SUPER_CASE_EXEC_" : null,"CASE_INST_ID_" : null,"ACT_ID_" : "Activity_1cozyk4","ACT_INST_ID_" : "Activity_1cozyk4:abb0d14c-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","IS_ACTIVE_" : 1,"IS_CONCURRENT_" : 0,"IS_SCOPE_" : 1,"IS_EVENT_SCOPE_" : 0,"SUSPENSION_STATE_" : 1,"CACHED_ENT_STATE_" : 2,"SEQUENCE_COUNTER_" : 3,"TENANT_ID_" : null},{"ID_" : "c0b2ee33-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","REV_" : 1,"ROOT_PROC_INST_ID_" : "c0b2ee33-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","PROC_INST_ID_" : "c0b2ee33-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","BUSINESS_KEY_" : null,"PARENT_ID_" : null,"PROC_DEF_ID_" : "Process_1xbub4w:1:46f4da84-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","SUPER_EXEC_" : null,"SUPER_CASE_EXEC_" : null,"CASE_INST_ID_" : null,"ACT_ID_" : "Activity_1cozyk4","ACT_INST_ID_" : "Activity_1cozyk4:c0b31545-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","IS_ACTIVE_" : 1,"IS_CONCURRENT_" : 0,"IS_SCOPE_" : 1,"IS_EVENT_SCOPE_" : 0,"SUSPENSION_STATE_" : 1,"CACHED_ENT_STATE_" : 2,"SEQUENCE_COUNTER_" : 3,"TENANT_ID_" : null},{"ID_" : "d5d4ef38-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","REV_" : 1,"ROOT_PROC_INST_ID_" : "d5d4ef38-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","PROC_INST_ID_" : "d5d4ef38-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","BUSINESS_KEY_" : null,"PARENT_ID_" : null,"PROC_DEF_ID_" : "Process_1xbub4w:1:46f4da84-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","SUPER_EXEC_" : null,"SUPER_CASE_EXEC_" : null,"CASE_INST_ID_" : null,"ACT_ID_" : "Activity_1cozyk4","ACT_INST_ID_" : "Activity_1cozyk4:d5d53d5a-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","IS_ACTIVE_" : 1,"IS_CONCURRENT_" : 0,"IS_SCOPE_" : 1,"IS_EVENT_SCOPE_" : 0,"SUSPENSION_STATE_" : 1,"CACHED_ENT_STATE_" : 2,"SEQUENCE_COUNTER_" : 3,"TENANT_ID_" : null},{"ID_" : "def5834f-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","REV_" : 1,"ROOT_PROC_INST_ID_" : "def5834f-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","PROC_INST_ID_" : "def5834f-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","BUSINESS_KEY_" : null,"PARENT_ID_" : null,"PROC_DEF_ID_" : "Process_1xbub4w:1:46f4da84-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","SUPER_EXEC_" : null,"SUPER_CASE_EXEC_" : null,"CASE_INST_ID_" : null,"ACT_ID_" : "Activity_1cozyk4","ACT_INST_ID_" : "Activity_1cozyk4:def5aa61-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008","IS_ACTIVE_" : 1,"IS_CONCURRENT_" : 0,"IS_SCOPE_" : 1,"IS_EVENT_SCOPE_" : 0,"SUSPENSION_STATE_" : 1,"CACHED_ENT_STATE_" : 2,"SEQUENCE_COUNTER_" : 3,"TENANT_ID_" : null}
]}

很奇怪，明明我设置了3次循环，为什么会出现四次任务。我估计可能是Camunda的Bug。
而且我加了下面查询条件的SQL之后，还是查出4条数据。

select * from ACT_RU_TASK where PROC_DEF_ID_='Process_1xbub4w:1:46f4da84-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008';
select * from ACT_RU_EXECUTION where PROC_DEF_ID_='Process_1xbub4w:1:46f4da84-db24-11ec-8676-005056c00008';


难道是偶然发生的？ 笔者于是删除了当前的部署，再重新部署, 结果有的时候触发了3次，有的时候触发了4次，不是很准确~

另外需要注意的是，R3/2022-05-24T13:45:00/PT30S 里面的时间不能早于当时部署的时间，否则，用Camunda Modeler部署的时候，其会报出下面的错误。
duedate is null [ deploy-error ]

3.总结

经过上面的实验和研究后，我们发现了Camnda定时启动的3种方式以及触发后数据库里面表的数据的变化。

参考文献

https://docs.camunda.org/manual/7.16/reference/bpmn20/events/timer-events/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Durations
https://docs.camunda.io/docs/components/modeler/bpmn/timer-events/

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