Java基础之在窗口中绘图——使用模型/视图体系结构在视图中绘图（Sketcher 1 drawing a 3D rectangle）...
2024-06-06 15:21:23
控制台程序。
在模型中表示数据视图的类用来显示草图并处理用户的交互操作，所以这种类把显示方法和草图控制器合并在一起。不专用于某个视图的通用GUI创建和操作在SketcherFrame类中处理。
模型对象包含构成草图的文本和图形。模型类可以称为SketcherModel，表示模型视图的类可以称为SketcherView.
应用程序对象全面负责管理程序涉及的其他对象之间的链接。只要应用程序类能使每个对象可用，可以访问应用程序对象的任何对象就都要与其他对象进行通信。因此，应用程序对象是对象之间的通信通道。
注意：SketcherFrame不是视图类，这个类仅仅定义应用程序窗口及其关联的GUI组件。创建SketcherView对象时，应把SketcherView对象插入到SketcherFrame对象的内容面板中，并使用内容面板的布局管理器进行管理。通过将视图类与应用程序类分开定义，就可以把草图的视图与用于和程序交互的菜单及其他组件分开。这么做的优点是显示草图的区域能拥有自己的坐标系统，这种坐标系统独立于应用程序窗口的坐标系统。
1、SketcherModel类：
1 import java.io.Serializable;
2 import java.util.Observable;
3
4 public class SketcherModel extends Observable implements Serializable {
5 // Detail of the rest of class to be filled in later...
6 private final static long serialVersionUID = 1001L;
7 }这个类可以串行化，因为我们希望把草图保存到文件中。SketcherModel类扩展了Observable类，所以可以使用这个类把视图类注册为观察器，并将视图的任何变化自动通知给模型。当草图拥有多个视图时，这个功能就会很有用。
2、SketcherView类：
1 import javax.swing.JComponent;
2 import java.util.*;
3 import java.awt.*;
4
5 @SuppressWarnings("serial")
6 public class SketcherView extends JComponent implements Observer {
7 public SketcherView(Sketcher theApp) {
8 this.theApp = theApp;
9 }
10
11 // Method called by Observable object when it changes
12 public void update(Observable o, Object rectangle) {
13 // Code to respond to changes in the model...
14 }
15
16 // Method to draw on the view
17 @Override
18 public void paint(Graphics g) {
19 // Temporary code...
20 Graphics2D g2D = (Graphics2D)g; // Get a Java 2D device context
21
22 g2D.setPaint(Color.RED); // Draw in red
23 g2D.draw3DRect(50, 50, 150, 100, true); // Draw a raised 3D rectangle
24 g2D.drawString("A nice 3D rectangle", 60, 100); // Draw some text
25 }
26
27 private Sketcher theApp; // The application object
28 }视图需要访问模型才能显示，但构造函数不是在视图中保存对模型的引用，而是让应用程序对象通过参数把引用传送给视图。视图对象可以使用应用程序对象来访问模型对象，如果需要，还可以访问应用程序窗口。
视图注册为模型的观察器。如果存在完全不同的对象表示模型，例如要加载新的文件，视图对象就会自动获得模型已发生改变的通知，并且能重绘视图作为响应。
3、Sketcher类：
1 // Sketching application
2 import javax.swing.*;
3 import java.awt.*;
4 import java.awt.event.*;
5
6 public class Sketcher {
7 public static void main(String[] args) {
8 theApp = new Sketcher(); // Create the application object
9 SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
10 public void run() {
11 theApp.createGUI(); // Call GUI creator
12 }
13 });
14 }
15
16 // Method to create the application GUI
17 private void createGUI() {
18 window = new SketcherFrame("Sketcher", this); // Create the app window
19 Toolkit theKit = window.getToolkit(); // Get the window toolkit
20 Dimension wndSize = theKit.getScreenSize(); // Get screen size
21
22 // Set the position to screen center & size to half screen size
23 window.setSize(wndSize.width/2, wndSize.height/2); // Set window size
24 window.setLocationRelativeTo(null); // Center window
25
26 window.addWindowListener(new WindowHandler()); // Add window listener
27
28 sketch = new SketcherModel(); // Create the model
29 view = new SketcherView(this); // Create the view
30 sketch.addObserver(view); // Register view with the model
31 window.getContentPane().add(view, BorderLayout.CENTER);
32 window.setVisible(true);
33 }
34
35 // Return a reference to the application window
36 public SketcherFrame getWindow() {
37 return window;
38 }
39
40 // Return a reference to the model
41 public SketcherModel getModel() {
42 return sketch;
43 }
44
45 // Return a reference to the view
46 public SketcherView getView() {
47 return view;
48 }
49
50 // Handler class for window events
51 class WindowHandler extends WindowAdapter {
52 // Handler for window closing event
53 @Override
54 public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
55 // Code to be added here...
56 }
57 }
58
59 private SketcherModel sketch; // The data model for the sketch
60 private SketcherView view; // The view of the sketch
61 private SketcherFrame window; // The application window
62 private static Sketcher theApp; // The application object
63 }Sketcher类中的新方法返回对应用程序窗口、模型和视图的引用，所以在Sketcher应用程序代码的任何地方，只要有对应用程序对象的引用，就可以访问它们。
在Sketcher类的createGUI()方法中创建完模型和视图对象后，就把视图注册为模型的观察器，让模型在发生变化时通知视图。
4、SketcherFrame类：
// Frame for the Sketcher application
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.border.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.*;import static java.awt.event.InputEvent.*;
import static java.awt.AWTEvent.*;
import static java.awt.Color.*;
import static Constants.SketcherConstants.*;
import static javax.swing.Action.*;@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class SketcherFrame extends JFrame {// Constructorpublic SketcherFrame(String title, Sketcher theApp) {setTitle(title); // Set the window titlethis.theApp = theApp; // Save app. object referencesetJMenuBar(menuBar); // Add the menu bar to the windowsetDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE); // Default is exit the application
createFileMenu(); // Create the File menucreateElementMenu(); // Create the element menucreateColorMenu(); // Create the element menu
createToolbar();toolBar.setRollover(true);getContentPane().add(toolBar, BorderLayout.NORTH);}// Create File menu item actionsprivate void createFileMenuActions() {newAction = new FileAction("New", 'N', CTRL_DOWN_MASK);openAction = new FileAction("Open", 'O', CTRL_DOWN_MASK);closeAction = new FileAction("Close");saveAction = new FileAction("Save", 'S', CTRL_DOWN_MASK);saveAsAction = new FileAction("Save As...");printAction = new FileAction("Print", 'P', CTRL_DOWN_MASK);exitAction = new FileAction("Exit", 'X', CTRL_DOWN_MASK);// Initialize the arrayFileAction[] actions = {openAction, closeAction, saveAction, saveAsAction, printAction, exitAction};fileActions = actions;// Add toolbar icons
newAction.putValue(LARGE_ICON_KEY, NEW24);openAction.putValue(LARGE_ICON_KEY, OPEN24);saveAction.putValue(LARGE_ICON_KEY, SAVE24);saveAsAction.putValue(LARGE_ICON_KEY, SAVEAS24);printAction.putValue(LARGE_ICON_KEY, PRINT24);// Add menu item icons
newAction.putValue(SMALL_ICON, NEW16);openAction.putValue(SMALL_ICON, OPEN16);saveAction.putValue(SMALL_ICON, SAVE16);saveAsAction.putValue(SMALL_ICON,SAVEAS16);printAction.putValue(SMALL_ICON, PRINT16);// Add tooltip textnewAction.putValue(SHORT_DESCRIPTION, "Create a new sketch");openAction.putValue(SHORT_DESCRIPTION, "Read a sketch from a file");closeAction.putValue(SHORT_DESCRIPTION, "Close the current sketch");saveAction.putValue(SHORT_DESCRIPTION, "Save the current sketch to file");saveAsAction.putValue(SHORT_DESCRIPTION, "Save the current sketch to a new file");printAction.putValue(SHORT_DESCRIPTION, "Print the current sketch");exitAction.putValue(SHORT_DESCRIPTION, "Exit Sketcher");}// Create the File menuprivate void createFileMenu() {JMenu fileMenu = new JMenu("File"); // Create File menufileMenu.setMnemonic('F'); // Create shortcutcreateFileMenuActions(); // Create Actions for File menu item// Construct the file drop-down menufileMenu.add(newAction); // New Sketch menu itemfileMenu.add(openAction); // Open sketch menu itemfileMenu.add(closeAction); // Close sketch menu itemfileMenu.addSeparator(); // Add separatorfileMenu.add(saveAction); // Save sketch to filefileMenu.add(saveAsAction); // Save As menu itemfileMenu.addSeparator(); // Add separatorfileMenu.add(printAction); // Print sketch menu itemfileMenu.addSeparator(); // Add separatorfileMenu.add(exitAction); // Print sketch menu itemmenuBar.add(fileMenu); // Add the file menu
}// Create Element menu actionsprivate void createElementTypeActions() {lineAction = new TypeAction("Line", LINE, 'L', CTRL_DOWN_MASK);rectangleAction = new TypeAction("Rectangle", RECTANGLE, 'R', CTRL_DOWN_MASK);circleAction = new TypeAction("Circle", CIRCLE,'C', CTRL_DOWN_MASK);curveAction = new TypeAction("Curve", CURVE,'U', CTRL_DOWN_MASK);// Initialize the arrayTypeAction[] actions = {lineAction, rectangleAction, circleAction, curveAction};typeActions = actions;// Add toolbar icons
lineAction.putValue(LARGE_ICON_KEY, LINE24);rectangleAction.putValue(LARGE_ICON_KEY, RECTANGLE24);circleAction.putValue(LARGE_ICON_KEY, CIRCLE24);curveAction.putValue(LARGE_ICON_KEY, CURVE24);// Add menu item icons
lineAction.putValue(SMALL_ICON, LINE16);rectangleAction.putValue(SMALL_ICON, RECTANGLE16);circleAction.putValue(SMALL_ICON, CIRCLE16);curveAction.putValue(SMALL_ICON, CURVE16);// Add tooltip textlineAction.putValue(SHORT_DESCRIPTION, "Draw lines");rectangleAction.putValue(SHORT_DESCRIPTION, "Draw rectangles");circleAction.putValue(SHORT_DESCRIPTION, "Draw circles");curveAction.putValue(SHORT_DESCRIPTION, "Draw curves");}// Create the Elements menuprivate void createElementMenu() {createElementTypeActions();elementMenu = new JMenu("Elements"); // Create Elements menuelementMenu.setMnemonic('E'); // Create shortcut
createRadioButtonDropDown(elementMenu, typeActions, lineAction);menuBar.add(elementMenu); // Add the element menu
}// Create Color menu actionsprivate void createElementColorActions() {redAction = new ColorAction("Red", RED, 'R', CTRL_DOWN_MASK|ALT_DOWN_MASK);yellowAction = new ColorAction("Yellow", YELLOW, 'Y', CTRL_DOWN_MASK|ALT_DOWN_MASK);greenAction = new ColorAction("Green", GREEN, 'G', CTRL_DOWN_MASK|ALT_DOWN_MASK);blueAction = new ColorAction("Blue", BLUE, 'B', CTRL_DOWN_MASK|ALT_DOWN_MASK);// Initialize the arrayColorAction[] actions = {redAction, greenAction, blueAction, yellowAction};colorActions = actions;// Add toolbar icons
redAction.putValue(LARGE_ICON_KEY, RED24);greenAction.putValue(LARGE_ICON_KEY, GREEN24);blueAction.putValue(LARGE_ICON_KEY, BLUE24);yellowAction.putValue(LARGE_ICON_KEY, YELLOW24);// Add menu item icons
redAction.putValue(SMALL_ICON, RED16);blueAction.putValue(SMALL_ICON, BLUE16);greenAction.putValue(SMALL_ICON, GREEN16);yellowAction.putValue(SMALL_ICON, YELLOW16);// Add tooltip textredAction.putValue(SHORT_DESCRIPTION, "Draw in red");blueAction.putValue(SHORT_DESCRIPTION, "Draw in blue");greenAction.putValue(SHORT_DESCRIPTION, "Draw in green");yellowAction.putValue(SHORT_DESCRIPTION, "Draw in yellow");}// Create the Color menuprivate void createColorMenu() {createElementColorActions();colorMenu = new JMenu("Color"); // Create Elements menucolorMenu.setMnemonic('C'); // Create shortcut
createRadioButtonDropDown(colorMenu, colorActions, blueAction);menuBar.add(colorMenu); // Add the color menu
}// Menu creation helperprivate void createRadioButtonDropDown(JMenu menu, Action[] actions, Action selected) {ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();JRadioButtonMenuItem item = null;for(Action action : actions) {group.add(menu.add(item = new JRadioButtonMenuItem(action)));if(action == selected) {item.setSelected(true); // This is default selected
}}}// Create toolbar buttons on the toolbarprivate void createToolbar() {for(FileAction action: fileActions){if(action != exitAction && action != closeAction)addToolbarButton(action); // Add the toolbar button
}toolBar.addSeparator();// Create Color menu buttonsfor(ColorAction action:colorActions){addToolbarButton(action); // Add the toolbar button
}toolBar.addSeparator();// Create Elements menu buttonsfor(TypeAction action:typeActions){addToolbarButton(action); // Add the toolbar button
}}// Create and add a toolbar buttonprivate void addToolbarButton(Action action) {JButton button = new JButton(action); // Create from Actionbutton.setBorder(BorderFactory.createCompoundBorder( // Add button bordernew EmptyBorder(2,5,5,2), // Outside borderBorderFactory.createRaisedBevelBorder())); // Inside borderbutton.setHideActionText(true); // No label on the buttontoolBar.add(button); // Add the toolbar button
}// Set radio button menu checksprivate void setChecks(JMenu menu, Object eventSource) {if(eventSource instanceof JButton){JButton button = (JButton)eventSource;Action action = button.getAction();for(int i = 0 ; i < menu.getItemCount() ; ++i) {JMenuItem item = menu.getItem(i);item.setSelected(item.getAction() == action);}}}// Inner class defining Action objects for File menu itemsclass FileAction extends AbstractAction {// Create action with a name
FileAction(String name) {super(name);}// Create action with a name and acceleratorFileAction(String name, char ch, int modifiers) {super(name);putValue(ACCELERATOR_KEY, KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(ch, modifiers));// Now find the character to underlineint index = name.toUpperCase().indexOf(ch);if(index != -1) {putValue(DISPLAYED_MNEMONIC_INDEX_KEY, index);}}// Event handlerpublic void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {// You will add action code here eventually...
}}// Inner class defining Action objects for Element type menu itemsclass TypeAction extends AbstractAction {// Create action with just a name propertyTypeAction(String name, int typeID) {super(name);this.typeID = typeID;}// Create action with a name and an acceleratorprivate TypeAction(String name,int typeID, char ch, int modifiers) {this(name, typeID);putValue(ACCELERATOR_KEY, KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(ch, modifiers));// Now find the character to underlineint index = name.toUpperCase().indexOf(ch);if(index != -1) {putValue(DISPLAYED_MNEMONIC_INDEX_KEY, index);}}public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {elementType = typeID;setChecks(elementMenu, e.getSource());}private int typeID;}// Handles color menu itemsclass ColorAction extends AbstractAction {// Create an action with a name and a colorpublic ColorAction(String name, Color color) {super(name);this.color = color;}// Create an action with a name, a color, and an acceleratorpublic ColorAction(String name, Color color, char ch, int modifiers) {this(name, color);putValue(ACCELERATOR_KEY, KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(ch, modifiers));// Now find the character to underlineint index = name.toUpperCase().indexOf(ch);if(index != -1) {putValue(DISPLAYED_MNEMONIC_INDEX_KEY, index);}}public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {elementColor = color;setChecks(colorMenu, e.getSource());}private Color color;}// File actionsprivate FileAction newAction, openAction, closeAction, saveAction, saveAsAction, printAction, exitAction;private FileAction[] fileActions; // File actions as an array// Element type actionsprivate TypeAction lineAction, rectangleAction, circleAction, curveAction;private TypeAction[] typeActions; // Type actions as an array// Element color actionsprivate ColorAction redAction, yellowAction,greenAction, blueAction;private ColorAction[] colorActions; // Color actions as an arrayprivate JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar(); // Window menu barprivate JMenu elementMenu; // Elements menuprivate JMenu colorMenu; // Color menuprivate Color elementColor = DEFAULT_ELEMENT_COLOR; // Current element colorprivate int elementType = DEFAULT_ELEMENT_TYPE; // Current element typeprivate JToolBar toolBar = new JToolBar(); // Window toolbarprivate Sketcher theApp; // The application object
}View Code
5、自定义常量包SketcherConstants：
1 // Defines application wide constants
2 package Constants;
3 import java.awt.Color;
4 import javax.swing.*;
5
6 public class SketcherConstants {
7 // Path for images
8 public final static String imagePath = "E:/JavaProject/BeginningJava/Images/";
9
10 // Toolbar icons
11 public final static Icon NEW24 = new ImageIcon(imagePath + "New24.gif");
12 public final static Icon OPEN24 = new ImageIcon(imagePath + "Open24.gif");
13 public final static Icon SAVE24 = new ImageIcon(imagePath + "Save24.gif");
14 public final static Icon SAVEAS24 = new ImageIcon(imagePath + "SaveAs24.gif");
15 public final static Icon PRINT24 = new ImageIcon(imagePath + "Print24.gif");
16
17 public final static Icon LINE24 = new ImageIcon(imagePath + "Line24.gif");
18 public final static Icon RECTANGLE24 = new ImageIcon(imagePath + "Rectangle24.gif");
19 public final static Icon CIRCLE24 = new ImageIcon(imagePath + "Circle24.gif");
20 public final static Icon CURVE24 = new ImageIcon(imagePath + "Curve24.gif");
21
22 public final static Icon RED24 = new ImageIcon(imagePath + "Red24.gif");
23 public final static Icon GREEN24 = new ImageIcon(imagePath + "Green24.gif");
24 public final static Icon BLUE24 = new ImageIcon(imagePath + "Blue24.gif");
25 public final static Icon YELLOW24 = new ImageIcon(imagePath + "Yellow24.gif");
26
27 // Menu item icons
28 public final static Icon NEW16 = new ImageIcon(imagePath + "new16.gif");
29 public final static Icon OPEN16 = new ImageIcon(imagePath + "Open16.gif");
30 public final static Icon SAVE16 = new ImageIcon(imagePath + "Save16.gif");
31 public final static Icon SAVEAS16 = new ImageIcon(imagePath + "SaveAs16.gif");
32 public final static Icon PRINT16 = new ImageIcon(imagePath + "print16.gif");
33
34 public final static Icon LINE16 = new ImageIcon(imagePath + "Line16.gif");
35 public final static Icon RECTANGLE16 = new ImageIcon(imagePath + "Rectangle16.gif");
36 public final static Icon CIRCLE16 = new ImageIcon(imagePath + "Circle16.gif");
37 public final static Icon CURVE16 = new ImageIcon(imagePath + "Curve16.gif");
38
39 public final static Icon RED16 = new ImageIcon(imagePath + "Red16.gif");
40 public final static Icon GREEN16 = new ImageIcon(imagePath + "Green16.gif");
41 public final static Icon BLUE16 = new ImageIcon(imagePath + "Blue16.gif");
42 public final static Icon YELLOW16 = new ImageIcon(imagePath + "Yellow16.gif");
43
44 // Element type definitions
45 public final static int LINE = 101;
46 public final static int RECTANGLE = 102;
47 public final static int CIRCLE = 103;
48 public final static int CURVE = 104;
49
50 // Initial conditions
51 public final static int DEFAULT_ELEMENT_TYPE = LINE;
52 public final static Color DEFAULT_ELEMENT_COLOR = Color.BLUE;
53 }View Code
转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/mannixiang/p/3488325.html
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