Linux 测试硬盘性能

一、hdparm测试

（1）安装

[root@oracledb ~]# yum -y install hdparm
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
base                                                     | 3.6 kB     00:00
extras                                                   | 2.9 kB     00:00
updates                                                  | 2.9 kB     00:00
(1/2): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db                          | 243 kB   00:01
(2/2): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                         |  12 MB   00:22
Determining fastest mirrors* base: mirrors.aliyun.com* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 hdparm.x86_64.0.9.43-5.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成依赖关系解决================================================================================Package          架构             版本                    源              大小
================================================================================
正在安装:hdparm           x86_64           9.43-5.el7              base            83 k事务概要
================================================================================
安装  1 软件包总下载量：83 k
安装大小：152 k
Downloading packages:
hdparm-9.43-5.el7.x86_64.rpm                               |  83 kB   00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction正在安装    : hdparm-9.43-5.el7.x86_64                                    1/1 验证中      : hdparm-9.43-5.el7.x86_64                                    1/1 已安装:hdparm.x86_64 0:9.43-5.el7                                                    完毕！

（2）参数

通过帮助信息，查看参数：

[root@oracledb ~]# hdparm -hhdparm - get/set hard disk parameters - version v9.43, by Mark Lord.Usage:  hdparm  [options] [device ...]Options:-a   Get/set fs readahead-A   Get/set the drive look-ahead flag (0/1)-b   Get/set bus state (0 == off, 1 == on, 2 == tristate)-B   Set Advanced Power Management setting (1-255)-c   Get/set IDE 32-bit IO setting-C   Check drive power mode status-d   Get/set using_dma flag-D   Enable/disable drive defect management-E   Set cd/dvd drive speed-f   Flush buffer cache for device on exit-F   Flush drive write cache-g   Display drive geometry-h   Display terse usage information-H   Read temperature from drive (Hitachi only)-i   Display drive identification-I   Detailed/current information directly from drive-J   Get/set Western DIgital "Idle3" timeout for a WDC "Green" drive (DANGEROUS)-k   Get/set keep_settings_over_reset flag (0/1)-K   Set drive keep_features_over_reset flag (0/1)-L   Set drive doorlock (0/1) (removable harddisks only)-m   Get/set multiple sector count-M   Get/set acoustic management (0-254, 128: quiet, 254: fast)-n   Get/set ignore-write-errors flag (0/1)-N   Get/set max visible number of sectors (HPA) (VERY DANGEROUS)-p   Set PIO mode on IDE interface chipset (0,1,2,3,4,...)-P   Set drive prefetch count-q   Change next setting quietly-Q   Get/set DMA queue_depth (if supported)-r   Get/set device readonly flag (DANGEROUS to set)-R   Get/set device write-read-verify flag-s   Set power-up in standby flag (0/1) (DANGEROUS)-S   Set standby (spindown) timeout-t   Perform device read timings-T   Perform cache read timings-u   Get/set unmaskirq flag (0/1)-U   Obsolete-v   Use defaults; same as -acdgkmur for IDE drives-V   Display program version and exit immediately-w   Perform device reset (DANGEROUS)-W   Get/set drive write-caching flag (0/1)-x   Obsolete-X   Set IDE xfer mode (DANGEROUS)-y   Put drive in standby mode-Y   Put drive to sleep-z   Re-read partition table-Z   Disable Seagate auto-powersaving mode--dco-freeze      Freeze/lock current device configuration until next power cycle--dco-identify    Read/dump device configuration identify data--dco-restore     Reset device configuration back to factory defaults--direct          Use O_DIRECT to bypass page cache for timings--drq-hsm-error   Crash system with a "stuck DRQ" error (VERY DANGEROUS)--fallocate       Create a file without writing data to disk--fibmap          Show device extents (and fragmentation) for a file--fwdownload            Download firmware file to drive (EXTREMELY DANGEROUS)--fwdownload-mode3      Download firmware using min-size segments (EXTREMELY DANGEROUS)--fwdownload-mode3-max  Download firmware using max-size segments (EXTREMELY DANGEROUS)--fwdownload-mode7      Download firmware using a single segment (EXTREMELY DANGEROUS)--idle-immediate  Idle drive immediately--idle-unload     Idle immediately and unload heads--Istdin          Read identify data from stdin as ASCII hex--Istdout         Write identify data to stdout as ASCII hex--make-bad-sector Deliberately corrupt a sector directly on the media (VERY DANGEROUS)--offset          use with -t, to begin timings at given offset (in GiB) from start of drive--prefer-ata12    Use 12-byte (instead of 16-byte) SAT commands when possible--read-sector     Read and dump (in hex) a sector directly from the media--repair-sector   Alias for the --write-sector option (VERY DANGEROUS)--security-help   Display help for ATA security commands--trim-sector-ranges        Tell SSD firmware to discard unneeded data sectors: lba:count ..--trim-sector-ranges-stdin  Same as above, but reads lba:count pairs from stdin--verbose         Display extra diagnostics from some commands--write-sector    Repair/overwrite a (possibly bad) sector directly on the media (VERY DANGEROUS)

主要参数：
-a<快取分区> 设定读取文件时，预先存入块区的分区数，若不加上<快取分区>选项，则显示目前的设定。

-A<0或1> 启动或关闭读取文件时的快取功能。　　
-c<I/O模式> 设定IDE32位I/O模式。　　
-C 检测IDE硬盘的电源管理模式。　　
-d<0或1> 设定磁盘的DMA模式。　　
-f 将内存缓冲区的数据写入硬盘，并清楚缓冲区。　　
-g 显示硬盘的磁轨，磁头，磁区等参数。　　
-h 显示帮助。　　
-i 显示硬盘的硬件规格信息，这些信息是在开机时由硬盘本身所提供。　　
-I 直接读取硬盘所提供的硬件规格信息。　　
-k<0或1> 重设硬盘时，保留-dmu参数的设定。　　
-K<0或1> 重设硬盘时，保留-APSWXZ参数的设定。　　
-m<磁区数> 设定硬盘多重分区存取的分区数。　　
-n<0或1> 忽略硬盘写入时所发生的错误。　　
-p<PIO模式> 设定硬盘的PIO模式。　　
-P<磁区数> 设定硬盘内部快取的分区数。　　
-q 在执行后续的参数时，不在屏幕上显示任何信息。　　
-r<0或1> 设定硬盘的读写模式。　　
-S<时间> 设定硬盘进入省电模式前的等待时间。　　
-t 评估硬盘的读取效率。　　-T 评估硬盘快取的读取效率。　　
-u<0或1> 在硬盘存取时，允许其他中断要求同时执行。　　-v 显示硬盘的相关设定。　　
-W<0或1> 设定硬盘的写入快取。　　-X<传输模式> 设定硬盘的传输模式。　　
-y 使IDE硬盘进入省电模式。　　-Y 使IDE硬盘进入睡眠模式。　　
-Z 关闭某些Seagate硬盘的自动省电功能。

（3）硬盘基本信息

检查硬盘的基本信息
hdparm /dev/sda


[root@oracledb ~]#  hdparm /dev/sda   /dev/sda:multcount     =  0 (off)IO_support    =  1 (32-bit)readonly      =  0 (off)readahead     = 256 (on)geometry      = 243201/255/63, sectors = 3907029168, start = 0

对比fdisk看硬盘信息：

[root@oracledb ~]# fdisk -l磁盘 /dev/sda：2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 字节，3907029168 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 4096 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：4096 字节 / 4096 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x000be460设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     1026047      512000   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         1026048  3907028991  1953001472   8e  Linux LVM磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-root：1660.1 GB, 1660071968768 字节，3242328064 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 4096 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：4096 字节 / 4096 字节磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-swap：16.8 GB, 16844324864 字节，32899072 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 4096 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：4096 字节 / 4096 字节磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-home：322.9 GB, 322948825088 字节，630759424 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 4096 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：4096 字节 / 4096 字节

（4）磁盘读性能

hdparm -t /dev/sda ：硬盘读
hdparm -T /dev/sda：硬盘缓存读
hdparm -tT --direct /dev/sda：硬盘读性能
hdparm -cdt /dev/sda：硬盘直接读

[root@oracledb ~]# hdparm -t /dev/sda/dev/sda:Timing buffered disk reads: 718 MB in  3.01 seconds = 238.87 MB/sec
[root@oracledb ~]# hdparm -T /dev/sda/dev/sda:Timing cached reads:   34628 MB in  2.00 seconds = 17342.99 MB/sec
[root@oracledb ~]# hdparm -tT --direct /dev/sda/dev/sda:Timing O_DIRECT cached reads:   490 MB in  2.00 seconds = 244.46 MB/secTiming O_DIRECT disk reads: 572 MB in  3.01 seconds = 190.07 MB/sec[root@oracledb ~]# hdparm -cdt /dev/sda/dev/sda:IO_support    =  1 (32-bit)HDIO_GET_DMA failed: Inappropriate ioctl for deviceTiming buffered disk reads: 534 MB in  3.01 seconds = 177.59 MB/sec
[root@oracledb ~]#

二、time和dd测试

用8K，16K，32K，64K块文件测试：
块越大，速度越高，稳定在388M/s

[root@oracledb ~]#  time dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/null bs=8k count=100000
记录了100000+0 的读入
记录了100000+0 的写出
819200000字节(819 MB)已复制，4.11789 秒，199 MB/秒real    0m4.120s
user    0m0.046s
sys     0m1.145s
[root@oracledb ~]#  time dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/null bs=16k count=100000
记录了100000+0 的读入
记录了100000+0 的写出
1638400000字节(1.6 GB)已复制，4.34149 秒，377 MB/秒real    0m4.344s
user    0m0.029s
sys     0m0.655s
[root@oracledb ~]#  time dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/null bs=32k count=100000
记录了100000+0 的读入
记录了100000+0 的写出
3276800000字节(3.3 GB)已复制，8.44203 秒，388 MB/秒real    0m8.443s
user    0m0.047s
sys     0m1.122s
[root@oracledb ~]#  time dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/null bs=64k count=100000
记录了100000+0 的读入
记录了100000+0 的写出
6553600000字节(6.6 GB)已复制，17.0282 秒，385 MB/秒real    0m17.029s
user    0m0.047s
sys     0m2.024s
[root@oracledb ~]#