Nginx访问日志

这里补充下Nginx访问日志使用的说明。一般在nginx.conf主配置文件里需要定义一种格式：

log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ''$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ''"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for" $request_time';

上面的格式我是基于默认的加了一个$request_time。

然后子配置使用：

access_log  logs/myapp.log  main;

即可。

Filebeat采集日志数据到ElasticSearch

配置：

su -e elk
cd /usr/local/elk
vim beats/filebeat/filebeat.test_nginx.yml

配置详情：

filebeat.prospectors:
- type: loginput_type: logpaths:- /work/yphp/nginx/logs/*.logtags: ["ngx", "yujc"]fields:logIndex: nginxdocType: nginx-accessfields_under_root: truetail_files: falseoutput.elasticsearch:hosts: ["127.0.0.1:9200"]index: "test-nginx-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"

配置说明：

filebeat.prospectors:

• type 日志类型，默认log
• input_type 输入类型，默认log
• paths 采集的日志，可以使用通配符。支持多个
• tags 自定义标签，是个数组。自定义
• fields 自定义字段
• fields_under_root 自定义字段是否追加到根。如果为false，fields配置的字段键名是fields
• tail_files 是否从末尾开始采集
• document_type 自定义字段，用于Logsatsh区分来源，在Logsatsh里用变量type表示

output.elasticsearch:

• hosts 配置ES节点，数组格式，支持多个。
• index 配置ES索引。不配置使用默认的 filebeat-*
• protocol 配置协议，例如http,https
• username 配置ES用户名，例如elastic
• password 配置ES密码，例如changeme

设置权限600，并启动filebeat:

chmod -R 600 beats/filebeat/filebeat.test_nginx.yml./beats/filebeat/filebeat -c beats/filebeat/filebeat.test_nginx.yml

然后访问Nginx应用，查看ES是否新增了一个索引：

$ curl http://127.0.0.1:9200/_cat/indices?v | grep test-nginx% Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  CurrentDload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
105  1161  105  1161    0     0   123k      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  125k
yellow open   test-nginx-2018.09.24             ArxrVVOkTjG8ZlXJjb9bVg   5   1          1            0     11.6kb         11.6kb

我们查看一条数据：

$ curl http://127.0.0.1:9200/test-nginx-2018.09.24/_search?q=*&size=1{"_index": "test-nginx-2018.09.24","_type": "doc","_id": "AWYKkBqtJzfnbYlB_DRX","_version": 1,"_score": null,"_source": {"@timestamp": "2018-09-24T07:51:43.140Z","beat": {"hostname": "2106567e5bce","name": "2106567e5bce","version": "5.6.2"},"docType": "nginx-access","input_type": "log","logIndex": "nginx","message": "172.16.10.1 - - [24/Sep/2018:07:51:40 +0000] \"GET /?time=22 HTTP/1.1\" 200 97991 \"-\" \"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36\" \"-\" 0.009","offset": 5243,"source": "/work/yphp/nginx/logs/hello71.log","tags": ["ngx","yujc"],"type": "log"},"fields": {"@timestamp": [1537775503140]},"sort": [1537775503140]
}

可以看到已经有数据了。但是日志内容作为一个整体（字段是message）了。

Filebeat采集日志数据，Logstash过滤发到ElasticSearch

配置：

su -e elk
cd /usr/local/elk
vim beats/filebeat/filebeat.test_nginx2.yml

配置详情：

filebeat.prospectors:
- type: loginput_type: logpaths:- /work/yphp/nginx/logs/*.logtags: ["ngx", "yujc"]fields:logIndex: nginxdocType: nginx-accessfields_under_root: truetail_files: falseoutput.logstash:hosts: ["127.0.0.1:5044"]

配置logstash

su -e elk
cd /usr/local/elk
vim logstash/config/conf.d/filebeat.conf

配置详情：

input {beats {port => 5044}
}filter {grok {match => { "message" => "%{IPORHOST:remote_ip} - %{DATA:user_name} \[%{HTTPDATE:time}\] \"%{WORD:method} %{DATA:url} HTTP/%{NUMBER:http_version}\" %{NUMBER:response_code} %{NUMBER:body_sent:bytes} \"%{DATA:referrer}\" \"%{DATA:agent}\" \"%{DATA:x_forwarded_for}\" %{NUMBER:request_time}" }remove_field => "message"}
}output {elasticsearch {hosts => ["127.0.0.1:9200"]index => "test-nginx2-%{type}-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"document_type => "%{type}"}stdout { codec => rubydebug }
}

我使用的nginx日志格式是在标准格式后面加了2个字段$http_x_forwarded_for和$request_time：

log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for" $request_time';

日志示例：

172.16.10.1 - - [24/Sep/2018:09:04:40 +0000] "GET /?time=2244 HTTP/1.1" 200 98086 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36" "-" 0.002

上面的grok表达式是：

%{IPORHOST:remote_ip} - %{DATA:user_name} \[%{HTTPDATE:time}\] \"%{WORD:method} %{DATA:url} HTTP/%{NUMBER:http_version}\" %{NUMBER:response_code} %{NUMBER:body_sent:bytes} \"%{DATA:referrer}\" \"%{DATA:agent}\" \"%{DATA:x_forwarded_for}\" %{NUMBER:request_time}

我们先使用Grok Debugger 工具在线调试下，看看写的grok是否正确。我之前没有测试之前启动，发现ES里没有grok里解析出来的字段，后来在命令行看到filebeat的输出（前台运行）：

$ ./beats/filebeat/filebeat -c beats/filebeat/filebeat.test_nginx2.yml{"@timestamp" => 2018-09-24T09:01:19.555Z,"logIndex" => "nginx","offset" => 6467,"docType" => "nginx-access","@version" => "1","input_type" => "log","beat" => {"name" => "2106567e5bce","hostname" => "2106567e5bce","version" => "5.6.2"},"host" => "2106567e5bce","source" => "/work/yphp/nginx/logs/hello71.log","message" => "172.16.10.1 - - [24/Sep/2018:09:01:14 +0000] \"GET /?time=2244 HTTP/1.1\" 200 98087 \"-\" \"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36\" \"-\" 0.195","type" => "log","tags" => [[0] "ngx",[1] "yujc",[2] "beats_input_codec_plain_applied",[3] "_grokparsefailure"]
}

最后面提示了_grokparsefailure，说明grok部分写的有问题。由于是参考的网上教程，也加上刚接触，不知道怎么配置，filebeat.conf调试了很久才生效。

我们打开Grok Debugger，第一个输入框输入filebeat采集的消息原文message字段里的内容，第二个输入框输入grok表达式：

点击Go按钮即可解析。如果下面的内容是{}说明解析失败，然后可以修改表达式，该工具会自动解析。最终解析结果：

{"remote_ip": [["172.16.10.1"]],"HOSTNAME": [["172.16.10.1"]],"IP": [[null]],"IPV6": [[null]],"IPV4": [[null]],"user_name": [["-"]],"time": [["24/Sep/2018:08:47:59 +0000"]],"MONTHDAY": [["24"]],"MONTH": [["Sep"]],"YEAR": [["2018"]],"TIME": [["08:47:59"]],"HOUR": [["08"]],"MINUTE": [["47"]],"SECOND": [["59"]],"INT": [["+0000"]],"method": [["GET"]],"url": [["/?time=2244"]],"http_version": [["1.1"]],"BASE10NUM": [["1.1","200","98086","0.002"]],"response_code": [["200"]],"body_sent": [["98086"]],"referrer": [["-"]],"agent": [["Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36"]],"x_forwarded_for": [["-"]],"request_time": [["0.002"]]
}

然后可以启动logstash了。

测试logstash配置是否通过：

./logstash/bin/logstash -f logstash/config/conf.d/filebeat.conf --config.test_and_exitConfig Validation Result: OK. Exiting Logstash

# 启动logstash
./logstash/bin/logstash &# 启动filebeat
./beats/filebeat/filebeat -c beats/filebeat/filebeat.test_nginx2.yml

我们再次访问Nginx应用，然后我们查看一条数据：

$ curl http://127.0.0.1:9200/test-nginx2-log-2018.09.24/_search?q=*&size=1&sort=@timestamp:desc{"took": 14,"timed_out": false,"_shards": {"total": 5,"successful": 5,"skipped": 0,"failed": 0},"hits": {"total": 3,"max_score": null,"hits": [{"_index": "test-nginx2-log-2018.09.24","_type": "log","_id": "AWYK0to8JzfnbYlB_DRx","_score": null,"_source": {"response_code": "200","agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36","logIndex": "nginx","offset": 6875,"method": "GET","docType": "nginx-access","user_name": "-","input_type": "log","http_version": "1.1","source": "/work/yphp/nginx/logs/hello71.log","message": """172.16.10.1 - - [24/Sep/2018:09:04:40 +0000] "GET /?time=2244 HTTP/1.1" 200 98086 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36" "-" 0.002""","type": "log","url": "/?time=2244","tags": ["ngx","yujc","beats_input_codec_plain_applied"],"x_forwarded_for": "-","referrer": "-","@timestamp": "2018-09-24T09:04:40.404Z","remote_ip": "172.16.10.1","request_time": "0.002","@version": "1","beat": {"name": "2106567e5bce","hostname": "2106567e5bce","version": "5.6.2"},"host": "2106567e5bce","body_sent": "98086","time": "24/Sep/2018:09:04:40 +0000"},"sort": [1537779880404]}]}
}

里面就包含了所有我们解析出来的字段。

kibana里查看

打开kibana web地址：http://127.0.0.1:5601，依次打开：Management
-> Kibana -> Index Patterns ,选择Create Index Pattern：
a. Index pattern 输入：test-nginx2-* ；
b. Time Filter field name 选择 @timestamp。
c. 点击Create。

然后打开Discover，选择 filebeat-* 就能看到日志数据了。

可以看到详细字段：

参考

1、Logstash使用grok过滤nginx日志（二） - Orgliny - 博客园
https://www.cnblogs.com/Orgli...
2、Rsyslog日志服务搭建 - K‘e0llm - 博客园
http://www.cnblogs.com/Eivll0...
3、Logstash中如何处理到ElasticSearch的数据映射 - Cocowool - 博客园
https://www.cnblogs.com/cocow...
4、ELK 架构之 Logstash 和 Filebeat 安装配置 - 田园里的蟋蟀 - 博客园
http://www.cnblogs.com/xishua...
5、搭建ELK日志分析平台（下）—— 搭建kibana和logstash服务器-zero菌-51CTO博客
http://blog.51cto.com/zero01/...