PostgreSQL安装与使用

目录

• 依赖包的安装
• 源码编译和安装
• 初始化数据库集簇
• 简单配置

依赖包安装

PostgreSQL源码安装依赖以下四个软件包

readline
zlib
flex
bison

在Ubuntu中可是应用以下命令直接进行安装：

sudo apt-get install libreadline6 libreadline6-dev zlib1g-dev flex bison

如果实在redhat系发行版的Linux中可以使用以下命令：

yum install flex bison zlib-devel readline-devel

源码编译和安装

例如：下载的源码包为：

-rwxrw-rw-  1 bingo bingo 19260568 Dec  2 00:27 postgresql-9.6.1.tar.bz2*
tar -jxvf postgresql-9.6.1.tar.bz2  //解压源码包

进入到源码文件夹根目录下执行以下命令:(各项参数可以根据 sudo ./configure --help 获取帮助)

sudo ./configure --prefix=/opt/pgsql --enable-debug CFLAGS=-O0

常用的几个参数如下

sudo make   //或者 make world 编译一切可以编译的东西，包括文档（HTML和手册）以及额外的模块（contrib）
sudo make install
mkdir /usr/local/pgsql/data
useradd -s /bin/bash -m  -p 123456 postgres
chown -R postgres:postgres /usr/local/pgsql/data

初始化数据库集簇

su postgres
cd /usr/local/pgsql/bin
./initdb -D ../data
./pg_ctl -D ../data start

登录数据库

./psql -h IP -p 5432 -U postgres test

清理

make uninstall // 卸载已安装的文件，不会删除掉任何创建出来的目录
make clean  //清理编译过程中生成的文件，并释放磁盘空间
make distclean  // 将源码树恢复成发布的状态

自启动配置

PG自启动脚本postgresql复制到/etc/init.d并在各个启动级别文件夹中创建软连接。如：
ln -s /etc/init.d/postgresql /etc/rc0.d/K02postgresql

#! /bin/sh  # Installation prefix
prefix=/usr/local/pgsql  # Data directory
PGDATA="/usr/local/pgsql/data"  # Who to run the postmaster as, usually "postgres".  (NOT "root")
PGUSER=postgres  # Where to keep a log file
PGLOG="$PGDATA/serverlog"  # It's often a good idea to protect the postmaster from being killed by the
# OOM killer (which will tend to preferentially kill the postmaster because
# of the way it accounts for shared memory).  Setting the OOM_ADJ value to
# -17 will disable OOM kill altogether.  If you enable this, you probably want
# to compile PostgreSQL with "-DLINUX_OOM_ADJ=0", so that individual backends
# can still be killed by the OOM killer.
#OOM_ADJ=-17  ## STOP EDITING HERE  # The path that is to be used for the script
PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin  # What to use to start up the postmaster.  (If you want the script to wait
# until the server has started, you could use "pg_ctl start -w" here.
# But without -w, pg_ctl adds no value.)
DAEMON="$prefix/bin/postmaster"  # What to use to shut down the postmaster
PGCTL="$prefix/bin/pg_ctl"  set -e  # Only start if we can find the postmaster.
test -x $DAEMON ||
{  echo "$DAEMON not found"  if [ "$1" = "stop" ]  then exit 0  else exit 5  fi
}  # Parse command line parameters.
case $1 in  start)  echo -n "Starting PostgreSQL: "  test x"$OOM_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_adj  su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON -D '$PGDATA' &" >>$PGLOG 2>&1  echo "ok"  ;;  stop)  echo -n "Stopping PostgreSQL: "  su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D '$PGDATA' -s -m fast"  echo "ok"  ;;  restart)  echo -n "Restarting PostgreSQL: "  su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D '$PGDATA' -s -m fast -w"  test x"$OOM_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_adj  su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON -D '$PGDATA' &" >>$PGLOG 2>&1  echo "ok"  ;;  reload)  echo -n "Reload PostgreSQL: "  su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL reload -D '$PGDATA' -s"  echo "ok"  ;;  status)  su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL status -D '$PGDATA'"  ;;  *)  # Print help  echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|status}" 1>&2  exit 1  ;;
esac  exit 0