近来的reportDB无法从一开始就与系统收听，比较奇怪的现象。

由于server有听众的一个实例上正常启动，这是不是从开始监听器的实例手动启动是正常的。所以写下来未能找到离奇写的原因。

1、故障现象

Starting CRON daemondone
Oracle 10g auto start/stop
Startup "USMTHLY" listener.LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on 08-JUL-2014 17:05:49Copyright (c) 1991, 2006, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Starting /users/oracle/OraHome10g/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Production
System parameter file is /users/oracle/OraHome10g/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /users/oracle/OraHome10g/network/log/listener_usmthly.log
Error listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.101.1.106)(PORT=1520)))
TNS-12545: Connect failed because target host or object does not existTNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter errorTNS-00515: Connect failed because target host or object does not existLinux Error: 99: Cannot assign requested address#上面的错误信息了来自系统启动日志。相同出如今该实例的监听器日志里。   #故障环境
oracle@sysreportDB:/users/oracle> cat /etc/issueWelcome to SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 SP4  (x86_64) - Kernel \r (\l).oracle@sysreportDB:/users/oracle> sqlplus -vSQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production#server启动后。检查数据库实例，2个实例都已成功启动
oracle@sysreportDB:~> ps -ef | grep pmon | grep -v grep
oracle    4916     1  0 Jul08 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_USMTHLY
oracle    5605     1  0 Jul08 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_USBO2oracle@sysreportDB:~> ps -ef | grep lsnr| grep -v grep      #只唯独usbo2的监听被启动
oracle    5597     1  0 Jul09 ?        00:00:00 /users/oracle/OraHome10g/bin/tnslsnr listener_USBO2 -inherit

2、故障分析

oracle@sysreportDB:~> oerr tns 12545
12545, 00000, "Connect failed because target host or object does not exist"
// *Cause: The address specified is not valid, or the program being
// connected to does not exist.
// *Action: Ensure the ADDRESS parameters have been entered correctly; the
// most likely incorrect parameter is the node name.  Ensure that the
// executable for the server exists (perhaps "oracle" is missing.)
// If the protocol is TCP/IP, edit the TNSNAMES.ORA file to change the
// host name to a numeric IP address and try again.
oracle@sysreportDB:~> oerr tns 12560
12560, 00000, "TNS:protocol adapter error"
// *Cause: A generic protocol adapter error occurred.
// *Action: Check addresses used for proper protocol specification. Before
// reporting this error, look at the error stack and check for lower level
// transport errors. For further details, turn on tracing and reexecute the
// operation. Turn off tracing when the operation is complete.
oracle@sysreportDB:~> oerr tns 00515
00515, 00000, "Connect failed because target host or object does not exist"
// *Cause: The address specified is not valid, or the program being
// connected to does not exist.
// *Action: Ensure the ADDRESS parameters have been entered correctly; the
// most likely incorrect parameter is the node name.  Ensure that the
// executable for the server exists (perhaps "oracle" is missing.)#上面的三个错误号描写叙述信息表明该故障与主机名或IP地址有关，须要检查是否为有效的IP或主机名
#以下查看监听器及TNSNAMES的配置
oracle@sysreportDB:/users/oracle/OraHome10g/network/admin> more listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER_USMTHLY =(SID_LIST =(SID_DESC =(sid_name=USMTHLY)(oracle_home = /users/oracle/OraHome10g)))LISTENER_USMTHLY =(DESCRIPTION_LIST =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS_LIST =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.101.1.106)(PORT = 1520)))))SID_LIST_LISTENER_USBO2 =(SID_LIST =(SID_DESC =(sid_name=USBO2)(oracle_home = /users/oracle/OraHome10g)))LISTENER_USBO2 =(DESCRIPTION_LIST =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS_LIST =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.101.1.106)(PORT = 1504)))))oracle@sysreportDB:/users/oracle/OraHome10g/network/admin> more tnsnames.ora
USMTHLY=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.101.1.106)(PORT=1520))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=USMTHLY)))USBO2=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.101.1.106)(PORT=1504))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=USBO2)))
#从上面的配置来看，配置无异常。
#以下查看本机host及IP信息，从以下的描写叙述来看，主机host配置无异常
oracle@sysreportDB:~> more /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1       localhost# special IPv6 addresses
::1             localhost ipv6-localhost ipv6-loopbackfe00::0         ipv6-localnet
ff00::0         ipv6-mcastprefix
ff02::1         ipv6-allnodes
ff02::2         ipv6-allrouters
ff02::3         ipv6-allhosts
10.101.1.106    sysreportDB.2goasp.com sysreportDB  oracle@sysreportDB:~> hostname
sysreportDB
# Author : Leshami
# Blog   : http://blog.csdn.net/leshami#以下是其IP信息
oracle@sysreportDB:/var/log> ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:70:82:63inet addr:10.101.1.106  Bcast:10.201.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1RX packets:5763651 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:802254 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000RX bytes:8102327746 (7726.9 Mb)  TX bytes:88597013 (84.4 Mb)lo        Link encap:Local Loopback      #有环路能正常TX,RXinet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1RX packets:92972 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:92972 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:0RX bytes:4993723 (4.7 Mb)  TX bytes:4993723 (4.7 Mb)#尝试手动启动监听，手动启动监听无异常
oracle@sysreportDB:/var/log> lsnrctl start listener_USMTHLYLSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on 08-JUL-2014 17:10:49Copyright (c) 1991, 2006, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Starting /users/oracle/OraHome10g/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Production
System parameter file is /users/oracle/OraHome10g/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /users/oracle/OraHome10g/network/log/listener_usmthly.log
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sysreportDB.2goasp.com)(PORT=1520)))Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=sysreportDB.2goasp.com)(PORT=1520)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     listener_USMTHLY
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Production
Start Date                08-JUL-2014 17:10:50
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /users/oracle/OraHome10g/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /users/oracle/OraHome10g/network/log/listener_usmthly.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sysreportDB.2goasp.com)(PORT=1520)))
Services Summary...
Service "USMTHLY" has 1 instance(s).Instance "USMTHLY", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully#通过上面的測试可以看出，监听器可以正常启动也就是说监听器的配置应该是OK的。

#另外一点发现，系统启动日志里边有127.0.0.2的环路。不知道怎么会有127.0.0.2 Setting up network interfaces: lo lo IP address: 127.0.0.1/8 IP address: 127.0.0.2/8 oracle@sysreportDB:/var/log> ping 127.0.0.2 #环路127.0.0.2 OK PING 127.0.0.2 (127.0.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 127.0.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.034 ms

3、故障解决

#对于上面的问题实在是百思不得其解。就差使用sqlnet trace。
#以下尝试将监听器配置文件内IP地址使用主机名来取代，居然成功鸟。
#例如以下2种方式都能够将监听随系统启动而启动。一个是主机名，一个是full主机名#LISTENER_USMTHLY =
#  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
#    (DESCRIPTION =
#      (ADDRESS_LIST =
#        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = sysreportDB)(PORT = 1520))
#      )
#    )
#  )LISTENER_USMTHLY =(DESCRIPTION_LIST =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS_LIST =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = sysreportDB.2goasp.com)(PORT = 1520)))))#高兴之余，查看系统日志，汗，还是有错误，这次的错误是TNS-12543，目标主机不可达。

#怀疑是否hosts文件里是否存在异常字符。于是尝试重建Hosts文件。重建后错误消息依然例如以下。 Starting CRON daemondone Oracle 10g auto start/stop Starting Oracle10g: Startup "USMTHLY" listener. LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on 09-JUL-2014 17:15:47 Copyright (c) 1991, 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. Starting /users/oracle/OraHome10g/bin/tnslsnr: please wait... TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Production System parameter file is /users/oracle/OraHome10g/network/admin/listener.ora Log messages written to /users/oracle/OraHome10g/network/log/listener_usmthly.log Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sysreportDB.2goasp.com)(PORT=1520))) Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=sysreportDB)(PORT=1520))) TNS-12543: TNS:destination host unreachable TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error TNS-00513: Destination host unreachable Linux Error: 101: Network is unreachable #终于。此题临时无解，没有找到原因。不影响自启动而已。

4、小结
a、对于TNS-12545。TNS-00515应首先考虑是否使用了合适的IP。主机名。应检查serverhost文件。网络配置等
b、Step a检查完后应考虑是否正确的配置了监听以及tnsnames
c、对于上述该类错误，应同一时候检查及分析监听器日志   
d、对于client出现TNS-12545，TNS-00515等，考虑client是否能将主机转换成相应的IP(clienttnsnames.ora使用主机名的情形时)
e、有关Oracle网络配置相关能够參考：http://blog.csdn.net/leshami/article/category/828434