RMAN之一：快速入门

1、数据导出基础

（1）创建datapump导出文件的目录对象并为相应用户授予权限。

出于安全考虑，不允许oracle用户直接在OS上进行文件的操作，而应通过directory对象指定。

SQL> create directory dpump_dir1 AS '/opt/oracle/admin/orcl11g/dpdump';
Directory created.
SQL> grant read, write on directorydpump_dir1 to scott;
Grant succeeded.

（2）导出

[oracle@lujinhong dpdump]$ expdpscott/tiger directory=DPUMP_DIR1 dumpfile=scott.dmp nologfile=yExport: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Productionon Tue Apr 23 20:24:44 2013Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/orits affiliates.  All rights reserved.Connected to: Oracle Database 11gEnterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing options
Starting"SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01":  scott/******** directory=DPUMP_DIR1dumpfile=scott.dmp nologfile=y
Estimate in progress using BLOCKSmethod...
Processing object typeSCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method:192 KB
Processing object typeSCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object typeSCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object typeSCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object typeSCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object typeSCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT
Processing object typeSCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Processing object typeSCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
. . exported"SCOTT"."DEPT"                              5.937 KB       4 rows
. . exported"SCOTT"."EMP"                               8.570 KB      14 rows
. . exported"SCOTT"."SALGRADE"                          5.867 KB       5 rows
. . exported"SCOTT"."BONUS"                                 0 KB       0 rows
Master table"SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set forSCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:/opt/oracle/admin/orcl11g/dpdump/scott.dmp
Job"SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at20:25:08

注意：directory=DPUMP_DIR1中的DPUMP_DIR1应该在dba_directories中存在，否则应该在第一步中先创建然后授权。

2、数据导入基础

若即将导入的用户或者表空间不存在，则必须先创建用户及表空间。

[oracle@lujinhong dpdump]$ impdp sys/Lu123456 directory=dpump_dir1dumpfile=scott.dmpImport: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Productionon Tue Apr 23 20:27:30 2013Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/orits affiliates.  All rights reserved.UDI-28009: operation generated ORACLEerror 28009
ORA-28009: connection as SYS should beas SYSDBA or SYSOPERUsername: sys as sysdba
Password:Connected to: Oracle Database 11gEnterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing options
Master table"SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting"SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01": sys/******** AS SYSDBA directory=dpump_dir1 dumpfile=scott.dmp
Processing object typeSCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object typeSCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
ORA-39151: Table"SCOTT"."DEPT" exists. All dependent metadata and data willbe skipped due to table_exists_action of skip
ORA-39151: Table "SCOTT"."EMP"exists. All dependent metadata and data will be skipped due totable_exists_action of skip
ORA-39151: Table"SCOTT"."BONUS" exists. All dependent metadata and datawill be skipped due to table_exists_action of skip
ORA-39151: Table"SCOTT"."SALGRADE" exists. All dependent metadata and datawill be skipped due to table_exists_action of skip
Processing object typeSCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Processing object typeSCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object typeSCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object typeSCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object typeSCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Processing object typeSCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Job "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01"completed with 4 error(s) at 20:27:41
由于原来已经存在这些表，因此先删除再导入：
SQL> drop table emp;Table dropped.SQL> select * from emp;
select * from emp*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist[oracle@lujinhongdpdump]$ impdp sys/Lu123456 directory=dpump_dir1 dumpfile=scott.dmpschemas=scottImport:Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Apr 23 20:31:37 2013Copyright (c)1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.UDI-28009:operation generated ORACLE error 28009
ORA-28009:connection as SYS should be as SYSDBA or SYSOPERUsername: sysas sysdba
Password:Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With thePartitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Master table"SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting"SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01":  sys/******** AS SYSDBA directory=dpump_dir1dumpfile=scott.dmp schemas=scott
Processingobject type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processingobject type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
ORA-39151:Table "SCOTT"."DEPT" exists. All dependent metadata anddata will be skipped due to table_exists_action of skip
ORA-39151:Table "SCOTT"."BONUS" exists. All dependent metadata anddata will be skipped due to table_exists_action of skip
ORA-39151:Table "SCOTT"."SALGRADE" exists. All dependent metadata anddata will be skipped due to table_exists_action of skip
Processingobject type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. .imported "SCOTT"."EMP"                               8.570 KB      14 rows
Processingobject type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processingobject type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processingobject type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processingobject type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Processingobject type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Job"SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" completed with 3 error(s) at20:31:44

3、导出、导入参数

不管是expdp还是impdp均存在大量的参数，以对导入导出过程进行灵活的配置，详见《数据库管理艺术》第14章。

（1）重映射参数【导入参数】

一般情况下，不管使用哪个用户进行导入，导入的数据均归属到数据原有的用户名下。如使用sys用户进行导入操作，但数据是从scott导出的，则数据将被导入至scott模式下。除非使用remap_schema参数。

[oracle@datatest_db1_160 irms_gd]$ impdpsystem/Lu123456 directory=dpump_dir dumpfile=scott.dmp remap_schema=scott:test_datapump

类似的参数还有remap_table,remap_tablespace,remap_datafile, remap_data。

4、实例

从项目中把表名中包含BTS的表导出，然后导入至测试库中。

（1）导出

SQL>select * from dba_directories;
bash-4.1$ expdpHN_CM_IRMS_35/HN_CM_IRMS_351 directory=EXPDIR DUMPFILE=HN.DMPinclude=TABLE\:\"LIKE \'%BTS%\'\"

（2）导入

[oracle@lujinhong /]$ impdp HN_CM_IRMS_35/HN_CM_IRMS_351directory=dpump_dir1 dumpfile=HN1.DMP

5、项目导出语句

#!/bin/bash
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/ORACLE
export ORACLE_SID=IRMS
exportORACLE_HOME=/opt/ORACLE/irms/product/10.2.0/db_1
exportPATH=/usr/bin:/etc:/usr/sbin:/usr/ucb:$HOME/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/sbin:
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
user='system'
passwd='Ora_8109#'
datestr=`date +"%Y%m%d"`
expdp ${user}/${passwd}directory=expdp_bak dumpfile=XZ_CM_IRMS_35_${datestr}.dmp logfile=XZ_CM_IRMS_35_${datestr}.log  schemas=XZ_CM_IRMS_35 exclude=statistics

在导入时，可以使用replace参数，这样的话就不需要先手工删除原有数据，再进行导入。