安装debootstrap和qemu-user-static：apt install apt-transport-https qemu qemu-user-static binfmt-support debootstrap

构建ubuntu 18.04系统，基础包为minbase，使用清大的源：qemu-debootstrap --arch arm64 --variant=minbase --include=whiptail,ca-certificates,tzdata bionic rootfs http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/

配置软件源：cat > rootfs/etc/apt/sources.list <

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

EOF

配置网络信息：mkdir rootfs/etc/network/

echo 'nameserver 192.168.168.1' > rootfs/etc/resolv.conf

echo 'ubuntu-18.04' > rootfs/etc/hostname

cat > rootfs/etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml <

network:

ethernets:

eth0:

addresses:

- 192.168.168.6/24

dhcp4: false

gateway4: 192.168.168.1

nameservers:

addresses:

- 192.168.168.1

search: []

version: 2

EOF

挂载本地设备文件到rootfs：mount -t proc /proc rootfs/proc

mount -t sysfs /sys rootfs/sys

mount -o bind /dev rootfs/dev

mount -o bind /dev/pts rootfs/dev/pts

chroot rootfs内配置：LANG=C.UTF-8 chroot rootfs/ /bin/bash

在rootfs内执行：cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

apt update

apt upgrade

apt install systemd -y

apt install wireless-regdb crda -y

apt install rsyslog udev dbus kmod openssh-server netplan.io man vim wget net-tools sysstat tmux less wireless-regdb crda dosfstools parted rng-tools -y

echo 'PermitRootLogin yes' >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config

passwd root

umount /dev/pts/ /dev/ /proc/ /sys

exit

为方便使用之前编译的内核和armbian的uInitrd、firmware文件，挂载armbian的img镜像到本地：losetup -P -f --show Armbian_5.62_Aml-s9xxx_Ubuntu_bionic_default_4.18.7_20181012.img

mount /dev/loop3p2 /mnt

mount /dev/loop3p2 /mnt/boot

mv /mnt/boot/* rootfs/boot/

mv /mnt/lib/modules/ rootfs/lib/

#也可安装armbian的firmware-aml-4.18-20181011_5.62_arm64.deb

mv /mnt/lib/firmware/ rootfs/lib/

mv /mnt/etc/modprobe.d/ rootfs/etc/

mv /mnt/etc/fstab rootfs/etc/

mv /mnt/root/install.sh rootfs/root/

将armbain镜像内的文件全部删除，将新做的系统移动过去。rm -rf /mnt/*

mv rootfs/boot/* /mnt/boot/

mv rootfs/* /mnt/

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