SpringBoot项目实现多数据源的三种方式

在开发过程中，我们经常被要求在一个项目中使用多数据源下面是总结下，使用多数据源的几种方式：

方式一：在同一实例下的不同数据库（在写SQL的时候用（数据库名称+"."+表名））

方式二：AOP+注解实多数据源

方式三：使用dynamic-datasource-spring-boot-starter实现多数据源

方式一：不用对程序做任何更改，只是写SQL时加上表名称

上面是在同一实例下面的不同数据库（citex_guess，citex_fusion），我先在一个项目中同时操作这两个数据库怎么半办啦！


select  * from  citex_fusion.fusion_invitee limit 10
select  * from  citex_guess.guess_account limit 10

不论是增删改查，只要是对数据库表进行操作，都需要加上表名

方式二、三、四通用实体类,mapper,service、web层

@Data
public class GuessAccount {private Long id;private Integer userId;private Integer currencyId;private String currency;private BigDecimal availableQty;private BigDecimal frozenQty;private Date createTime;private Date updateTime;
}

@Data
public class FusionInvite {private Integer userId;private Integer inviteeId;private String code;private Date createTime;private Date updateTime;}

Mapper代码

@Mapper
public interface FusionMapper {@DS("master")@Select("select  * from  fusion_invitee limit 10 ")List<FusionInvite> getFusionInviteList();}

@Mapper
public interface GuessMapper {@DS("slaveOne")@Select("select  * from  guess_account limit 10")List<GuessAccount> getGuessAccountList();}

service层

@Service
public class TestService {@Autowiredprivate FusionMapper fusionMapper;@Autowiredprivate GuessMapper guessMapper;public  Object  testDynamic() {List<FusionInvite> fusionInviteList = getFusionInviteList();List<GuessAccount> guessAccountList = getGuessAccountList();ResultVos resultVos = new ResultVos();resultVos.setFusionList(fusionInviteList);resultVos.setGuessList(guessAccountList);return resultVos;  }public List<FusionInvite> getFusionInviteList(){List<FusionInvite> fusionList= fusionMapper.getFusionInviteList();return fusionList;}public List<GuessAccount> getGuessAccountList(){List<GuessAccount> guessList=guessMapper.getGuessAccountList();return guessList;}

web层

@RestController
public class TestController {@Autowiredprivate TestService testService;@PostMapping("getList")public  Object  getTestList() {return testService.testDynamic();}
}

方式二：

Maven依赖：

<parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.3.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT</version><relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --></parent><groupId>com.example</groupId><artifactId>study_demo2</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><name>study_demo</name><description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description><properties><java.version>1.8</java.version></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId><scope>runtime</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><scope>provided</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope><exclusions><exclusion><groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId><artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId></exclusion></exclusions></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId><artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId><version>1.3.2</version></dependency><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/druid-spring-boot-starter --><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId><version>1.1.8</version></dependency><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-aop --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId></dependency><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.aspectj/aspectjweaver --><dependency><groupId>org.aspectj</groupId><artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId></dependency></dependencies>

配置文件YML

server:port: 8025spring:application:name: study_demo2datasource:master:username: jackpassword: jack987driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driverjdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/citex_fusion?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&autoReconnect=true&rewriteBatchedStatements=TRUE&serverTimezone=UTCslave1:username: jackpassword: jack987driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driverjdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/citex_guess?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&autoReconnect=true&rewriteBatchedStatements=TRUE&serverTimezone=UTCdruid:initial-size: 5max-active: 20min-idle: 5test-on-borrow: truemax-wait: -1min-evictable-idle-time-millis: 30000max-evictable-idle-time-millis: 30000time-between-eviction-runs-millis: 0
mybatis:configuration:map-underscore-to-camel-case: true

多数据源配置类：

数据源切换注解类：

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ElementType.TYPE,ElementType.METHOD})
@Documented
public @interface DS {String value() default "master";}

动态数据源配置类：

@Configuration
public class DynamicDataSourceConfiguration {@Primary@Bean(name = "master")@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.master")public DataSource masterDataSource() {DataSource ds = DataSourceBuilder.create().build();return ds;}@Bean(name = "slaveOne")@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.slave1")public DataSource slave_1_DataSource() {DataSource ds = DataSourceBuilder.create().build();return ds;}/*** 动态数据源: 通过AOP在不同数据源之间动态切换** @return*/@Bean(name = "dynamicDataSource")public DataSource dataSource(@Autowired @Qualifier("master") DataSource primery, @Autowired @Qualifier("slaveOne") DataSource coocon) {DynamicDataSource dynamicDataSource = new DynamicDataSource();// 默认数据源dynamicDataSource.setDefaultTargetDataSource(primery);// 配置多数据源Map<Object, Object> dsMap = new HashMap<Object, Object>(2);dsMap.put("master", primery);dsMap.put("slaveOne", coocon);dynamicDataSource.setTargetDataSources(dsMap);return dynamicDataSource;}@Beanpublic PlatformTransactionManager txManager(DataSource dynamicDataSource) {return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dynamicDataSource);}@Bean@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "mybatis")public SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean(@Autowired @Qualifier("dynamicDataSource") DataSource dynamicDataSource) throws Exception {SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();sqlSessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(dynamicDataSource);return sqlSessionFactoryBean;}}

实现多数据源的核心类（可动态路由的数据源类型）

public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {public DynamicDataSource(DataSource defaultTargetDataSource, Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources) {super.setDefaultTargetDataSource(defaultTargetDataSource);super.setTargetDataSources(targetDataSources);super.afterPropertiesSet();}@Overrideprotected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {return DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.getDateSoureType();}public DynamicDataSource() {// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub}
}

使用ThreadLocal维护数据源类

@Slf4j
public class DynamicDataSourceContextHolder { /*** 使用ThreadLocal维护变量，ThreadLocal为每个使用该变量的线程提供独立的变量副本，* 所以每一个线程都可以独立地改变自己的副本，而不会影响其它线程所对应的副本。*/private static final ThreadLocal<String> CONTEXT_HOLDER = new ThreadLocal<>();/*** 设置数据源的变量*/public static void setDateSoureType(String dsType) {log.info("切换到{}数据源", dsType);CONTEXT_HOLDER.set(dsType);}/*** 获得数据源的变量*/public static String getDateSoureType() {return CONTEXT_HOLDER.get();}/*** 清空数据源变量*/public static void clearDateSoureType() {CONTEXT_HOLDER.remove();}}

切面拦截注解实现多数据源切换

@Aspect
@Component
@Slf4j
public class DataSourceAspect {@Pointcut("@annotation(com.example.study.config.DS)")public void dataSourcePointCut() {}@Around("dataSourcePointCut()")public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint point) throws Throwable {MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature) point.getSignature();Method method = signature.getMethod();DS annotation = method.getAnnotation(DS.class);DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.setDateSoureType(annotation.value());try {return point.proceed();} finally {// 销毁数据源 在执行方法之后log.info("销毁数据源{}", annotation.value());DynamicDataSourceContextHolder.clearDateSoureType();}}}

以上是通过AOP切换数据源的配置类：

使用通用以上通用的实体类，Mapper、Service、web层便可以实现多数据源的使用。

方式三：使用dynamic-datasource-spring-boot-starter实现多数据源

maven依赖：

<parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.3.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT</version><relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId><scope>runtime</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope><exclusions><exclusion><groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId><artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId></exclusion></exclusions></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.baomidou</groupId><artifactId>dynamic-datasource-spring-boot-starter</artifactId><version>2.3.2</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId><artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId><version>1.3.2</version></dependency><!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/druid-spring-boot-starter --><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId><version>1.1.8</version></dependency>

配置文件（yml）

spring:application:name: study_demodatasource:dynamic:druid:initial-size: 5max-active: 20min-idle: 5test-on-borrow: truemax-wait: -1min-evictable-idle-time-millis: 30000max-evictable-idle-time-millis: 30000time-between-eviction-runs-millis: 0primary: master #设置默认的数据源或者数据源组,默认值即为masterdatasource:master:username: jackpassword: jack987driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driverurl: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/citex_fusion?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&autoReconnect=true&rewriteBatchedStatements=TRUE&serverTimezone=UTCslaveOne:username: jackpassword: jack987driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driverurl: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/citex_guess?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&autoReconnect=true&rewriteBatchedStatements=TRUE&serverTimezone=UTC
mybatis:configuration:map-underscore-to-camel-case: true

测试地址：localhost:8080/getList

结果：

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