curl命令学习使用小结

curl简介

curl 支持你做很多事情。你可以把 curl 想象成一个精简的命令行网页浏览器。它支持几乎你能想到的所有协议，可以交互访问几乎所有在线内容。唯一和浏览器不同的是，curl 不会渲染接收到的相应信息。

curl常用命令

curl 是一个利用URL语法在命令行下工作的文件传输工具。它支持文件上传和下载，所以是综合传输工具，但按传统，习惯称 curl 为下载工具。其语法格式及常见参数含义如下，

# 语法
curl [option] [url]# 最简单的使用，获取服务器内容，默认将输出打印到标准输出中(STDOUT)中。
curl http://www.centos.org# 添加-v参数可以看到详细解析过程，通常用于debug
curl -v http://www.centos.org# curl发送Get请求
curl URL
curl URL -O 文件绝对路径# curl发送post请求# 请求主体用json格式
curl -X POST -H 'content-type: application/json' -d @json文件绝对路径 URL
curl -X POST -H 'content-type: application/json' -d 'json内容' URL
# 请求主体用xml格式
curl -X POST -H 'content-type: application/xml' -d @xml文件绝对路径 URL
curl -X POST -H 'content-type: application/xml' -d 'xml内容' URL# 设置cookies
curl URL --cookie "cookie内容"
curl URL --cookie-jar cookie文件绝对路径# 设置代理字符串
curl URL --user-agent "代理内容"
curl URL -A "代理内容"# curl限制带宽
curl URL --limit-rate 速度# curl认证
curl -u user:pwd URL
curl -u user URL# 只打印http头部信息
curl -I URL
curl -head URL# 末尾参数
--progress  显示进度条
--silent    不现实进度条# 不需要修改/etc/hosts，curl直接解析ip请求域名
# 将 http://example.com 或 https://example.com 请求指定域名解析的IP为127.0.0.1
curl --resolve example.com:80:127.0.0.1 http://example.com/
curl --resolve example.com:443:127.0.0.1 https://example.com/

curl接口测试

curl 可以很方便地完成对 REST API 的调用场景，比如：设置 Header，指定 HTTP 请求方法，指定 HTTP 消息体，指定权限认证信息等。通过 -v 选项也能输出 REST 请求的所有返回信息。curl 功能很强大，有很多参数，这里列出 REST 测试常用的参数：

-X/--request [GET|POST|PUT|DELETE|…]  指定请求的 HTTP 方法
-H/--header                           指定请求的 HTTP Header
-d/--data                             指定请求的 HTTP 消息体（Body）
-v/--verbose                          输出详细的返回信息
-u/--user                             指定账号、密码
-b/--cookie                           读取 cookie  # 典型的测试命令为：
curl -v -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" http://127.0.0.1:8080/user -d'{"username":"admin","password":"admin1234"}'...# 测试get请求
curl http://www.linuxidc.com/login.cgi?user=test001&password=123456# 测试post请求
curl -d "user=nickwolfe&password=12345" http://www.linuxidc.com/login.cgi# 请求主体用json格式
curl -X POST -H 'content-type: application/json' -d @json文件绝对路径 URL
curl -X POST -H 'content-type: application/json' -d 'json内容' URL# 请求主体用xml格式
curl -X POST -H 'content-type: application/xml' -d @xml文件绝对路径 URL
curl -X POST -H 'content-type: application/xml' -d 'xml内容' URL# 发送post请求时需要使用-X选项，除了使用POST外，还可以使用http规范定义的其它请求谓词，如PUT,DELETE等
curl -XPOST url#发送post请求时，通常需要指定请求体数据。可以使用-d或--data来指定发送的请求体。
curl -XPOST -d "name=leo&age=12" url# 如果需要对请求数据进行urlencode,可以使用下面的方式：
curl -XPOST --data-urlencode "name=leo&age=12" url# 此外发送post请求还可以有如下几种子选项：
–data-raw
–data-ascii
–data-binary

使用curl和Jenkins REST API

# To retrieve the job config.xml
curl -X GET '<jenkinshost>/job/<jobname>/config.xml' -u username:API_TOKEN -o <jobname>.xml# to use this config to create a new job
curl -s -XPOST '<jenkinshost>/createItem?name=<jobname>' -u username:API_TOKEN --data-binary @<jobname>.xml -H "Content-Type:text/xml"# get all jenkins jobs
curl -X GET '<jenkinshost>/api/json?pretty=true' -u username:API_TOKEN -o jobs.json# get jenkins view
curl -X GET '<jenkinshost>/view/<viewname>/api/json' -u username:API_TOKEN -o view.json

curl help

curl --help
Usage: curl [options...] <url>
Options: (H) means HTTP/HTTPS only, (F) means FTP only--anyauth       Pick "any" authentication method (H)-a, --append        Append to target file when uploading (F/SFTP)--basic         Use HTTP Basic Authentication (H)--cacert FILE   CA certificate to verify peer against (SSL)--capath DIR    CA directory to verify peer against (SSL)-E, --cert CERT[:PASSWD]  Client certificate file and password (SSL)--cert-status   Verify the status of the server certificate (SSL)--cert-type TYPE  Certificate file type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL)--ciphers LIST  SSL ciphers to use (SSL)--compressed    Request compressed response (using deflate or gzip)-K, --config FILE   Read config from FILE--connect-timeout SECONDS  Maximum time allowed for connection--connect-to HOST1:PORT1:HOST2:PORT2 Connect to host (network level)-C, --continue-at OFFSET  Resumed transfer OFFSET-b, --cookie STRING/FILE  Read cookies from STRING/FILE (H)-c, --cookie-jar FILE  Write cookies to FILE after operation (H)--create-dirs   Create necessary local directory hierarchy--crlf          Convert LF to CRLF in upload--crlfile FILE  Get a CRL list in PEM format from the given file-d, --data DATA     HTTP POST data (H)--data-raw DATA  HTTP POST data, '@' allowed (H)--data-ascii DATA  HTTP POST ASCII data (H)--data-binary DATA  HTTP POST binary data (H)--data-urlencode DATA  HTTP POST data url encoded (H)--delegation STRING  GSS-API delegation permission--digest        Use HTTP Digest Authentication (H)--disable-eprt  Inhibit using EPRT or LPRT (F)--disable-epsv  Inhibit using EPSV (F)--dns-servers   DNS server addrs to use: 1.1.1.1;2.2.2.2--dns-interface  Interface to use for DNS requests--dns-ipv4-addr  IPv4 address to use for DNS requests, dot notation--dns-ipv6-addr  IPv6 address to use for DNS requests, dot notation-D, --dump-header FILE  Write the received headers to FILE--egd-file FILE  EGD socket path for random data (SSL)--engine ENGINE  Crypto engine (use "--engine list" for list) (SSL)--expect100-timeout SECONDS How long to wait for 100-continue (H)-f, --fail          Fail silently (no output at all) on HTTP errors (H)--fail-early    Fail on first transfer error, do not continue--false-start   Enable TLS False Start.-F, --form CONTENT  Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H)--form-string STRING  Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H)--ftp-account DATA  Account data string (F)--ftp-alternative-to-user COMMAND  String to replace "USER [name]" (F)--ftp-create-dirs  Create the remote dirs if not present (F)--ftp-method [MULTICWD/NOCWD/SINGLECWD]  Control CWD usage (F)--ftp-pasv      Use PASV/EPSV instead of PORT (F)-P, --ftp-port ADR  Use PORT with given address instead of PASV (F)--ftp-skip-pasv-ip  Skip the IP address for PASV (F)--ftp-pret      Send PRET before PASV (for drftpd) (F)--ftp-ssl-ccc   Send CCC after authenticating (F)--ftp-ssl-ccc-mode ACTIVE/PASSIVE  Set CCC mode (F)--ftp-ssl-control  Require SSL/TLS for FTP login, clear for transfer (F)-G, --get           Send the -d data with a HTTP GET (H)-g, --globoff       Disable URL sequences and ranges using {} and []-H, --header LINE   Pass custom header LINE to server (H)-I, --head          Show document info only-h, --help          This help text--hostpubmd5 MD5  Hex-encoded MD5 string of the host public key. (SSH)-0, --http1.0       Use HTTP 1.0 (H)--http1.1       Use HTTP 1.1 (H)--http2         Use HTTP 2 (H)--http2-prior-knowledge  Use HTTP 2 without HTTP/1.1 Upgrade (H)--ignore-content-length  Ignore the HTTP Content-Length header-i, --include       Include protocol headers in the output (H/F)-k, --insecure      Allow connections to SSL sites without certs (H)--interface INTERFACE  Use network INTERFACE (or address)-4, --ipv4          Resolve name to IPv4 address-6, --ipv6          Resolve name to IPv6 address-j, --junk-session-cookies  Ignore session cookies read from file (H)--keepalive-time SECONDS  Wait SECONDS between keepalive probes--key KEY       Private key file name (SSL/SSH)--key-type TYPE  Private key file type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL)--krb LEVEL     Enable Kerberos with security LEVEL (F)--libcurl FILE  Dump libcurl equivalent code of this command line--limit-rate RATE  Limit transfer speed to RATE-l, --list-only     List only mode (F/POP3)--local-port RANGE  Force use of RANGE for local port numbers-L, --location      Follow redirects (H)--location-trusted  Like '--location', and send auth to other hosts (H)--login-options OPTIONS  Server login options (IMAP, POP3, SMTP)-M, --manual        Display the full manual--mail-from FROM  Mail from this address (SMTP)--mail-rcpt TO  Mail to this/these addresses (SMTP)--mail-auth AUTH  Originator address of the original email (SMTP)--max-filesize BYTES  Maximum file size to download (H/F)--max-redirs NUM  Maximum number of redirects allowed (H)-m, --max-time SECONDS  Maximum time allowed for the transfer--metalink      Process given URLs as metalink XML file--negotiate     Use HTTP Negotiate (SPNEGO) authentication (H)-n, --netrc         Must read .netrc for user name and password--netrc-optional  Use either .netrc or URL; overrides -n--netrc-file FILE  Specify FILE for netrc-:, --next          Allows the following URL to use a separate set of options--no-alpn       Disable the ALPN TLS extension (H)-N, --no-buffer     Disable buffering of the output stream--no-keepalive  Disable keepalive use on the connection--no-npn        Disable the NPN TLS extension (H)--no-sessionid  Disable SSL session-ID reusing (SSL)--noproxy       List of hosts which do not use proxy--ntlm          Use HTTP NTLM authentication (H)--ntlm-wb       Use HTTP NTLM authentication with winbind (H)--oauth2-bearer TOKEN  OAuth 2 Bearer Token (IMAP, POP3, SMTP)-o, --output FILE   Write to FILE instead of stdout--pass PASS     Pass phrase for the private key (SSL/SSH)--path-as-is    Do not squash .. sequences in URL path--pinnedpubkey FILE/HASHES Public key to verify peer against (SSL)--post301       Do not switch to GET after following a 301 redirect (H)--post302       Do not switch to GET after following a 302 redirect (H)--post303       Do not switch to GET after following a 303 redirect (H)--preproxy [PROTOCOL://]HOST[:PORT] Proxy before HTTP(S) proxy-#, --progress-bar  Display transfer progress as a progress bar--proto PROTOCOLS  Enable/disable PROTOCOLS--proto-default PROTOCOL  Use PROTOCOL for any URL missing a scheme--proto-redir PROTOCOLS   Enable/disable PROTOCOLS on redirect-x, --proxy [PROTOCOL://]HOST[:PORT]  Use proxy on given port--proxy-anyauth  Pick "any" proxy authentication method (H)--proxy-basic   Use Basic authentication on the proxy (H)--proxy-digest  Use Digest authentication on the proxy (H)--proxy-cacert FILE CA certificate to verify peer against for proxy (SSL)--proxy-capath DIR CA directory to verify peer against for proxy (SSL)--proxy-cert CERT[:PASSWD] Client certificate file and password for proxy (SSL)--proxy-cert-type TYPE Certificate file type (DER/PEM/ENG) for proxy (SSL)--proxy-ciphers LIST SSL ciphers to use for proxy (SSL)--proxy-crlfile FILE Get a CRL list in PEM format from the given file for proxy--proxy-insecure Allow connections to SSL sites without certs for proxy (H)--proxy-key KEY Private key file name for proxy (SSL)--proxy-key-type TYPE Private key file type for proxy (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL)--proxy-negotiate  Use HTTP Negotiate (SPNEGO) authentication on the proxy (H)--proxy-ntlm    Use NTLM authentication on the proxy (H)--proxy-header LINE Pass custom header LINE to proxy (H)--proxy-pass PASS Pass phrase for the private key for proxy (SSL)--proxy-ssl-allow-beast Allow security flaw to improve interop for proxy (SSL)--proxy-tlsv1   Use TLSv1 for proxy (SSL)--proxy-tlsuser USER TLS username for proxy--proxy-tlspassword STRING TLS password for proxy--proxy-tlsauthtype STRING TLS authentication type for proxy (default SRP)--proxy-service-name NAME  SPNEGO proxy service name--service-name NAME  SPNEGO service name-U, --proxy-user USER[:PASSWORD]  Proxy user and password--proxy1.0 HOST[:PORT]  Use HTTP/1.0 proxy on given port-p, --proxytunnel   Operate through a HTTP proxy tunnel (using CONNECT)--pubkey KEY    Public key file name (SSH)-Q, --quote CMD     Send command(s) to server before transfer (F/SFTP)--random-file FILE  File for reading random data from (SSL)-r, --range RANGE   Retrieve only the bytes within RANGE--raw           Do HTTP "raw"; no transfer decoding (H)-e, --referer       Referer URL (H)-J, --remote-header-name  Use the header-provided filename (H)-O, --remote-name   Write output to a file named as the remote file--remote-name-all  Use the remote file name for all URLs-R, --remote-time   Set the remote file's time on the local output-X, --request COMMAND  Specify request command to use--resolve HOST:PORT:ADDRESS  Force resolve of HOST:PORT to ADDRESS--retry NUM   Retry request NUM times if transient problems occur--retry-connrefused  Retry on connection refused (use with --retry)--retry-delay SECONDS  Wait SECONDS between retries--retry-max-time SECONDS  Retry only within this period--sasl-ir       Enable initial response in SASL authentication-S, --show-error    Show error. With -s, make curl show errors when they occur-s, --silent        Silent mode (don't output anything)--socks4 HOST[:PORT]  SOCKS4 proxy on given host + port--socks4a HOST[:PORT]  SOCKS4a proxy on given host + port--socks5 HOST[:PORT]  SOCKS5 proxy on given host + port--socks5-hostname HOST[:PORT]  SOCKS5 proxy, pass host name to proxy--socks5-gssapi-service NAME  SOCKS5 proxy service name for GSS-API--socks5-gssapi-nec  Compatibility with NEC SOCKS5 server-Y, --speed-limit RATE  Stop transfers below RATE for 'speed-time' secs-y, --speed-time SECONDS  Trigger 'speed-limit' abort after SECONDS (default: 30)--ssl           Try SSL/TLS (FTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP)--ssl-reqd      Require SSL/TLS (FTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP)-2, --sslv2         Use SSLv2 (SSL)-3, --sslv3         Use SSLv3 (SSL)--ssl-allow-beast  Allow security flaw to improve interop (SSL)--ssl-no-revoke    Disable cert revocation checks (WinSSL)--stderr FILE   Where to redirect stderr (use "-" for stdout)--suppress-connect-headers  Suppress proxy CONNECT response headers--tcp-nodelay   Use the TCP_NODELAY option--tcp-fastopen  Use TCP Fast Open-t, --telnet-option OPT=VAL  Set telnet option--tftp-blksize VALUE  Set TFTP BLKSIZE option (must be >512)--tftp-no-options  Do not send TFTP options requests-z, --time-cond TIME   Transfer based on a time condition-1, --tlsv1         Use >= TLSv1 (SSL)--tlsv1.0       Use TLSv1.0 (SSL)--tlsv1.1       Use TLSv1.1 (SSL)--tlsv1.2       Use TLSv1.2 (SSL)--tlsv1.3       Use TLSv1.3 (SSL)--tls-max VERSION  Use TLS up to VERSION (SSL)--trace FILE    Write a debug trace to FILE--trace-ascii FILE  Like --trace, but without hex output--trace-time    Add time stamps to trace/verbose output--tr-encoding   Request compressed transfer encoding (H)-T, --upload-file FILE  Transfer FILE to destination--url URL       URL to work with-B, --use-ascii     Use ASCII/text transfer-u, --user USER[:PASSWORD]  Server user and password--tlsuser USER  TLS username--tlspassword STRING  TLS password--tlsauthtype STRING  TLS authentication type (default: SRP)--unix-socket PATH    Connect through this Unix domain socket--abstract-unix-socket PATH Connect to an abstract Unix domain socket-A, --user-agent STRING  Send User-Agent STRING to server (H)-v, --verbose       Make the operation more talkative-V, --version       Show version number and quit-w, --write-out FORMAT  Use output FORMAT after completion--xattr         Store metadata in extended file attributes-q, --disable       Disable .curlrc (must be first parameter)

curl练习

21 个 curl 命令练习

curl exercises

curl练习答案

参考文章

curl the man page

linux使用curl进行接口测试

cURL笔记

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