脱机 磁盘处于脱机状态

If you have a website, it is important that it is always available. The last thing you need is for visitors to discover your site has gone down, especially if it is a critical element of your business. In this post, we’ll look at why websites can suffer downtime and what you can do to prevent it happening. We’ll also show you what to do if your website does go offline.

如果您有一个网站，则始终保持可用很重要。 您需要做的最后一件事是让访问者发现您的网站已经崩溃，特别是如果这是您业务的关键要素时。 在这篇文章中，我们将研究为什么网站会遭受宕机的影响，以及如何防止这种情况的发生。 我们还将向您展示如果您的网站离线，该怎么办。

网站可以离线的原因 (Reasons why websites can go offline)

There are numerous reasons why a website can go offline: it can be caused by everything from natural disasters, such as floods at your web host’s data centre, to you accidentally putting your site into maintenance mode. Some causes are more common than others, however, and in this next section, we’ll look at the ones which are most likely to affect your site.

网站脱机的原因有很多：它可能是由自然灾害(例如虚拟主机的数据中心的洪灾)到您不小心将网站置于维护模式引起的。 但是，某些原因比其他原因更为常见，在下一节中，我们将研究最有可能影响您网站的原因。

1. Scheduled server maintenance

1.计划的服务器维护

Like any other computer, the server on which your website is hosted needs to be looked after. From time to time, your web host will need to update software, install security patches and upgrade hardware. Whilst much of this can be done while the server is still in operation, occasionally, this will mean the server needs to be temporarily taken offline or rebooted. When this happens, your website may be unavailable (though there are some forms of hosting where this is not necessary).

像任何其他计算机一样，需要照顾托管您网站的服务器。 您的网络主机有时会需要更新软件，安装安全补丁和升级硬件。 尽管可以在服务器仍在运行时完成许多操作，但有时这将意味着服务器需要暂时脱机或重新启动。 发生这种情况时，您的网站可能不可用(尽管有些形式的托管不需要这样做)。

Web hosts are aware of how this can affect customers and they undertake their maintenance at times which are least likely to cause disruption to your business. For example, they will avoid times of the day when web traffic is the busiest. However, if your web host is based in another country, the time differences can mean this is less convenient.

Web主机知道这会如何影响客户，因此他们会在最不可能造成业务中断的时间进行维护。 例如，他们将避免一天中网络流量最繁忙的时间。 但是，如果您的虚拟主机位于另一个国家/地区，则时差可能意味着较不方便。

2. Server overload

2.服务器过载

Sometimes websites can go down because the server on which they are hosted cannot handle the number of processes taking place. One cause of this is the DDoS attack where a hacker will flood a server with so many traffic requests that it goes offline. It can also happen on a shared server where one of the websites being hosted receives so much traffic that the other sites suffer performance problems as a result. It can also happen if something on your website goes viral and you suddenly get unexpectedly high volumes of visitors all trying to reach your site at the same time.

有时，网站可能会崩溃，因为托管它们的服务器无法处理正在发生的进程数量。 造成这种情况的一个原因是DDoS攻击，黑客会将大量流量请求淹没到服务器，从而使其脱机。 它也可能发生在共享服务器上，在该服务器上，托管的一个网站接收的流量非常大，从而使其他网站遭受性能问题。 如果您网站上的某些内容Swift传播，并且突然间，突然有大量访问者试图同时访问您的网站，也可能发生这种情况。

If you use shared hosting, make sure your web host puts measures in place to prevent other user’s websites usurping all the server resources. If you find that the amount of traffic you receive is regularly taking your site offline, this can be a sign that you have a very popular website and that you need to upgrade to a larger hosting package to handle all your traffic.

如果您使用共享主机，请确保您的网络主机已采取适当措施，以防止其他用户的网站占用所有服务器资源。 如果发现收到的访问量有规律地使您的网站离线，则表明您有一个非常受欢迎的网站，并且需要升级到更大的托管包来处理所有访问量。

3. Coding errors

3.编码错误

A common cause of downtime is due to coding errors on your website. Whilst individual pieces of software are usually error free, sometimes when you run them together they may cause a conflict. For example, if you run a WordPress website, you may find that two separate plugins are incompatible. Each may work perfectly when the other isn’t installed but when both are installed your site may go offline. If this happens, you may need to find an alternative plugin.

造成停机的常见原因是您网站上的编码错误。 尽管各个软件通常没有错误，但是有时当您一起运行它们时，可能会引起冲突。 例如，如果您运行一个WordPress网站，您可能会发现两个单独的插件不兼容。 当未安装彼此时，它们可能会完美地工作，但是当两者都安装时，您的站点可能会脱机。 如果发生这种情况，您可能需要找到其他插件。

Another coding error happens when people tinker with the coding on their site without really knowing what they are doing. Lots of people do this, particularly with CMS website software like WordPress. If you intend to tinker with the coding, always make sure you have a backup so that, if the worst happens, you can get your site back online quickly.

当人们在不知道自己在做什么的情况下修改网站上的编码时，就会发生另一个编码错误。 很多人都这样做，尤其是使用WordPress等CMS网站软件。 如果您打算修改编码，请务必确保有备份，以便在最坏的情况下使您的网站快速恢复在线。

4. Hacking

4.骇客

Besides the DDoS attacks we mentioned earlier, there are other forms of hacking that can take your site offline. If a hacker gets access to your cPanel or your server area, they can take your site down by deleting or tampering with files. Alternatively, they can redirect your visitors to other websites, so whilst it might look like your site is online, everyone who tries to visit it ends up on a different and often malicious website. To avoid this, always use strong login passwords and keep your site secure.

除了我们前面提到的DDoS攻击外，还有其他形式的黑客攻击可能会使您的站点脱机。 如果黑客能够访问您的cPanel或服务器区域，则他们可以通过删除或篡改文件来关闭您的网站。 另外，他们可以将您的访问者重定向到其他网站，因此，尽管看起来您的网站在线，但尝试访问该网站的每个人最终都访问另一个不同的恶意网站。 为避免这种情况，请始终使用强壮的登录密码并确保您的网站安全。

5. Poor hosting

5.托管不畅

If you find that your website goes offline on a regular basis, it could be that you have opted to go with a poor-quality web host. They could be using outdated hardware, cramming too many users on to each server or simply not monitoring how well their servers are performing. If this is the case, you need to migrate your site to a different and more reliable web host.

如果您发现您的网站经常离线，则可能是您选择了劣质的网络主机。 他们可能正在使用过时的硬件，将过多的用户挤在每台服务器上，或者根本不监视服务器的性能。 在这种情况下，您需要将网站迁移到其他更可靠的Web主机。

如何阻止您的网站离线 (How to stop your website going offline)

1. Find the right host

1.找到合适的主机

The single most important factor in keeping your website online is choosing the right host. A good host will provide a wide range of services to ensure that uptime is guaranteed, these include:

使您的网站保持在线的最重要因素是选择合适的主机。 好的主机将提供广泛的服务，以确保正常运行，其中包括：

• Use of fast, high-performance servers使用快速，高性能的服务器
• Configuring servers for optimal website performance配置服务器以获得最佳网站性能
• Use of backup servers (or data centres) if a server goes down如果服务器发生故障，请使用备用服务器(或数据中心)
• Monitoring server performance so issues are dealt with before a server fails监视服务器性能，以便在服务器出现故障之前解决问题
• Monitoring for hacking and malware监控黑客和恶意软件
• Managed updates and patching to operating system software托管更新和对操作系统软件的修补

In addition, a good host will also provide services to help you look after your website, such as remote backups, 24/7 technical support and site monitoring. Some hosts will also offer you guaranteed uptime. Depending on the type of hosting package you choose, this can be between 99.95% and 100% uptime, backed up by a service level agreement (SLA).

此外，优秀的主机提供商还将提供服务来帮助您维护网站，例如远程备份，24/7技术支持和站点监视。 一些主机还可以为您保证正常运行时间。 根据您选择的托管软件包的类型，这可以在99.95％到100％的正常运行时间之间，并由服务水平协议(SLA)进行备份。

3. Keep your software up to date

3.保持软件最新

To prevent your site going offline because of hacking, it is important to keep your site software up to date at all times. Cybercriminals look for vulnerabilities in outdated CMS, theme and plugin software and target those sites where those vulnerabilities are found. The best way to avoid this, is to set up automatic updates; this way, you won’t need to worry about updating them yourself.

为了防止您的网站因黑客攻击而脱机，请务必始终使您的网站软件保持最新。 网络犯罪分子会在过时的CMS，主题和插件软件中寻找漏洞，并以发现这些漏洞的网站为目标。 避免这种情况的最好方法是设置自动更新。 这样，您就不必担心自己进行更新。

4. Monitor your website

4.监视您的网站

Monitoring services provided by web hosts or through installed plugins can alert you if your site goes offline or if there are issues you need to take action on. They will also create error logs which you can use to diagnose why your site went offline and help you restore service quickly.

由网站托管服务商或通过已安装的插件提供的监视服务可以在站点离线或出现问题时提醒您。 他们还将创建错误日志，您可以使用这些错误日志来诊断您的网站为何脱机并帮助您快速恢复服务。

如果您的网站离线，该怎么办 (What to do if your site goes offline)

1. Make sure it is actually offline

1.确保它实际上离线

If you cannot reach your website, make sure, first of all, that this is not due to the device you are searching on, the connection you are using or your browser. If you can, get someone else in a different location to verify the status for you.

如果无法访问您的网站，请首先确保这不是由于您正在搜索的设备，正在使用的连接或浏览器引起的。 如果可以，请其他地方的其他人为您验证状态。

2. Find the cause of your downtime

2.查找造成停机的原因

When you attempt to visit your site, you may get clues to the cause. Often the browser will report a reason for a failed connection. If there is a coding error, you may see the error code displayed instead of the actual web page. If there is heavy traffic, the site may take a very long time to load and may only partially show the contents.

当您尝试访问您的站点时，您可能会找到原因的线索。 浏览器通常会报告连接失败的原因。 如果出现编码错误，您可能会看到显示的错误代码，而不是实际的网页。 如果交通繁忙，则该网站可能需要很长时间才能加载，并且只能部分显示内容。

If these attempts to find a cause fail, you may need to log in to your cPanel and look at any error logs. If you cannot log in to your cPanel, then it is likely to be an error at your hosting company’s end.

如果这些尝试找到原因失败，则可能需要登录cPanel并查看所有错误日志。 如果您无法登录cPanel，则可能是托管公司的错误。

3. Contact technical support

3.联系技术支持

If you have chosen a web host with 24/7 technical support, get in touch with them straight away. Inform them of your problem and ask them for assistance. Often, what looks like a major problem to you, may be something they can solve quite easily.

如果您选择了具有24/7全天候技术支持的网络主机，请立即与他们联系。 告知他们您的问题，并寻求他们的帮助。 通常，对您来说似乎是一个主要问题，可能是他们可以很轻松地解决的。

4. Let your customers know

4.让您的客户知道

If your site goes down, you need to let your customers know about it. If you can still send email, send out a message to subscribers informing them that the site is currently unavailable and that service will resume shortly. You can also do this on social media, for example, you can post a status update on your Facebook page or send out a tweet. You should also do these things once normal service is resumed.

如果您的网站出现故障，则需要让客户知道。 如果您仍然可以发送电子邮件，请向订阅者发送一条消息，通知他们该站点当前不可用，并且该服务将很快恢复。 您也可以在社交媒体上执行此操作，例如，可以在Facebook页面上发布状态更新或发送推文。 恢复正常服务后，您还应该执行这些操作。

5. Disaster recovery planning

5.灾难恢复计划

If your website is a critical element of your business, ideally, you should have a disaster recovery plan in place to deal with getting your site back online as quickly as possible. For more information read our post ‘10 Tips for an Effective Disaster Recovery Plan’.

如果您的网站是您业务的关键要素，那么理想情况下，您应该制定一个灾难恢复计划，以尽快使您的网站恢复在线。 有关更多信息，请阅读我们的文章“ 有效的灾难恢复计划的十个技巧 ”。

结论 (Conclusion)

Hopefully, from reading this article, you should have a clearer understanding of why a website can go offline, what you can do to prevent it and what you need to do if your site does go down.

希望通过阅读本文，您应该更清楚地了解网站为何可以离线，可以采取哪些措施来防止该网站以及如果网站确实出现故障该怎么办。

For web hosting with exceptional reliability, including packages with 100% uptime, guaranteed by SLA, visit our homepage to see our wide range of hosting plans.

对于具有出色可靠性的网络托管，包括SLA保证的100％正常运行时间的软件包， 请访问我们的主页以查看我们广泛的托管计划。

翻译自: https://www.eukhost.com/blog/webhosting/how-to-stop-your-website-going-offline/

脱机 磁盘处于脱机状态