linux USB大容量设备驱动入门之读取U盘容量

主要参考了以下资料： usbmassbulk_10.pdf ， usbmass-ufi10.pdf， SCSI Commands Reference Manual，spc-3.pdf

以下驱动模块通过usb接口发送 READ_CAPACITY 指令给U盘，然后读取U盘响应。

最终打印了block的总数以及一个block 的length。

要成功运行此模块，需要在内核中禁用 CONFIG_USB_STORAGE ，不然不会被USB设备匹配上。

内核版本： 4.4.194 。

另外具体格式参考了 windows 下Bus Hound 抓包工具的数据。

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/usb.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/timer.h>
#include <linux/usb/storage.h>
#include <scsi/scsi_proto.h>
#include <asm-generic/errno-base.h>
#include <uapi/asm-generic/errno.h>
#include <uapi/linux/cciss_defs.h>/***  USB Mass Storage Class** https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/linux-device-drivers/0596005903/ch13.html** https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v4.12/driver-api/usb/writing_usb_driver.html** http://www.linux-usb.org/** https://embetronicx.com/tutorials/linux/device-drivers/usb-device-driver-basics/** https://github.com/Embetronicx/Tutorials/blob/master/Linux/Device_Driver/usb_device_driver/usb_driver.c** https://www.usb.org/sites/default/files/Mass_Storage_Specification_Overview_v1.4_2-19-2010.pdf** https://www.usb.org/sites/default/files/Mass_Storage_Specification_Overview_v1.4_2-19-2010.pdf** https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/docs/io/universal-serial-bus/universal-serial-bus-specifications.html*** https://www.linux.it/~rubini/docs/usb/usb.html** http://www.linux-usb.org/devices.html*** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCSI** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCSI_command*** https://www.t10.org/lists/2op.htm** https://wiki.osdev.org/USB_Mass_Storage_Class_Devices*** https://support.huawei.com/enterprise/zh/doc/EDOC1000149331/ec501220** Devices usually have one or more configurations.*** Whenever a USB device is attached to the bus it will be enumerated by theUSB subsystem - i.e an unique device number (1-127) is assigned and then thedevice descriptor is read. Such a desciptor is a data structure which containsinformation about the device and its properties.Configurations often have one or more interfaces.Interfaces usually have one or more settings.Interfaces have zero or more endpoints.***  lsusb*  usb-devices**  Bulk Only Mass Storage Devices are the most common type of USB storage device, and they include most USB thumb drives, hard drives, CD,*  DVD and Blu-ray drives as well. They normally use the SCSI Command Set,*  but the USB Mass Storage specifications allow devices to use other command sets as well.**  USB Mass Storage Class Bulk-Only (BBB) Transport**  Universal Serial Bus Specification***  In SCSI terminology, communication takes place between an initiator and a target. The initiator sends a command to the target, which then responds.*  SCSI commands are sent in a Command Descriptor Block (CDB).*  The CDB consists of a one byte operation code followed by five or more bytes containing command-specific parameters.***  At the end of the command sequence, the target returns a status code byte, such as 00h for success,*   02h for an error (called a Check Condition), or 08h for busy**There are four categories of SCSI commands: N (non-data), W (writing data from initiator to target), R (reading data), and B (bidirectional).**Test unit ready: Queries device to see if it is ready for data transfers (disk spun up, media loaded, etc.).Inquiry: Returns basic device information.Request sense: Returns any error codes from the previous command that returned an error status.Send diagnostic and Receive diagnostic results: runs a simple self-test, or a specialised test defined in a diagnostic page.Start/Stop unit: Spins disks up and down, or loads/unloads media (CD, tape, etc.).Read capacity: Returns storage capacity.Format unit: Prepares a storage medium for use. In a disk, a low level format will occur. Some tape drives will erase the tape in response to this command.Read: (four variants): Reads data from a device.Write: (four variants): Writes data to a device.Log sense: Returns current information from log pages.Mode sense: Returns current device parameters from mode pages.Mode select: Sets device parameters in a mode page.SCSI commands are sent in a command descriptor block (CDB), which consists of a one byte operation code (opcode) followed by fiveor more bytes containing command-specific parameters.Upon receiving and processing the CDB the device will return a status code byte and other information.The target usually provides the initiators one or more logical unit numbers (LUN).In a storage area, a LUN often represents a SCSI disk on which a host can perform a read and write operation.Every endpoint in a device can handle a queue of urbs, so that multiple urbs can be sent to the same endpoint before the queue is emptyT:  Bus=06 Lev=02 Prnt=02 Port=00 Cnt=01 Dev#=  3 Spd=5000 MxCh= 0D:  Ver= 3.20 Cls=00(>ifc ) Sub=00 Prot=00 MxPS= 9 #Cfgs=  1P:  Vendor=0951 ProdID=1666 Rev=01.10S:  Manufacturer=KingstonS:  Product=DataTraveler 3.0S:  SerialNumber=E0D55EA573EB165178570CE3C:  #Ifs= 1 Cfg#= 1 Atr=80 MxPwr=144mAI:  If#=0x0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 2 Cls=08(stor.) Sub=06 Prot=50 Driver=andy_usbdriver**/#define USB_VENDOR_ID  (0x0951)
#define USB_PRODUCT_ID (0x1666)//#define TestUnitReady#define Inquiry
#define  MYTAG  1333//#define  inquiry_device_identification
#define  inquiry_supported_vpd_pages#define PRINT_USB_ENDPOINT_DESCRIPTOR( i )                         \
{                                                                   \pr_info("USB_INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR:\n");                         \pr_info("-----------------------------\n");                     \pr_info("bLength: 0x%x\n", i.bLength);                          \pr_info("bDescriptorType: 0x%x\n", i.bDescriptorType);          \pr_info("bInterfaceNumber: 0x%x\n", i.bInterfaceNumber);        \pr_info("bAlternateSetting: 0x%x\n", i.bAlternateSetting);      \pr_info("bNumEndpoints: 0x%x\n", i.bNumEndpoints);              \pr_info("bInterfaceClass: 0x%x\n", i.bInterfaceClass);          \pr_info("bInterfaceSubClass: 0x%x\n", i.bInterfaceSubClass);    \pr_info("bInterfaceProtocol: 0x%x\n", i.bInterfaceProtocol);    \pr_info("iInterface: 0x%x\n", i.iInterface);                    \pr_info("\n");                                                  \
}struct usb_device *usb_dev;int endpoint_out_addr;
int endpoint_in_addr;struct bulk_cs_wrap *bcs;
struct bulk_cb_wrap *bcb;u8 *buffer;#define MAX_BYTES 1024typedef struct {BYTE total_size[4];BYTE block_size[4];
} Response;static void sendcmd(void) {int status;int actual_length = 0;int totalsize;int blocksize;Response *response;bcb = kmalloc(sizeof(*bcb), GFP_KERNEL);memset(bcb, 0, sizeof(struct bulk_cb_wrap));bcb->Signature = cpu_to_le32(US_BULK_CB_SIGN);bcb->DataTransferLength = MAX_BYTES;bcb->Flags = US_BULK_FLAG_IN;bcb->Lun = 0;bcb->Length = 12;bcb->Tag = MYTAG;bcb->CDB[0] = READ_CAPACITY;bcb->CDB[1] = 0x00;bcb->CDB[2] = 0x00;bcb->CDB[3] = 0x00;bcb->CDB[4] = 0x00;bcb->CDB[5] = 0x00;bcb->CDB[6] = 0x00;bcb->CDB[7] = 0x00;bcb->CDB[8] = 0x00;bcb->CDB[9] = 0x00;buffer = kmalloc(MAX_BYTES, GFP_KERNEL);memset(buffer, 0, MAX_BYTES);status = usb_bulk_msg(usb_dev, usb_sndbulkpipe(usb_dev, endpoint_out_addr),bcb, US_BULK_CB_WRAP_LEN, &actual_length, 1000);if (status) {dev_info(&usb_dev->dev, "usb_bulk_msg fail ,status %d\n", status);return;}dev_info(&usb_dev->dev, "usb_bulk_msg success \n");dev_info(&usb_dev->dev, "actual_length = %d\n", actual_length);if (actual_length == US_BULK_CB_WRAP_LEN) {dev_info(&usb_dev->dev, "actual_length success");}dev_info(&usb_dev->dev, "start receive data from usb device\n");//read response from usb device;status = usb_bulk_msg(usb_dev, usb_rcvbulkpipe(usb_dev, endpoint_in_addr),buffer, MAX_BYTES, &actual_length, 1000);if (status) {dev_info(&usb_dev->dev, "usb_bulk_msg fail ,status %d\n", status);return;}dev_info(&usb_dev->dev, "usb_bulk_msg success \n");dev_info(&usb_dev->dev, "actual_length = %d\n", actual_length);if (actual_length == 0) {dev_info(&usb_dev->dev, "no date received\n");return;}if (actual_length == 13) {dev_info(&usb_dev->dev, "only bcs received\n");bcs = (struct bulk_cs_wrap*) buffer;if (bcs->Status == 0) {dev_info(&usb_dev->dev, "bcs Status success\n");}dev_info(&usb_dev->dev, "bcs Tag 0x%x\n", bcs->Tag);dev_info(&usb_dev->dev, "bcs Residue %d\n", bcs->Residue);if (bcs->Tag == MYTAG) {dev_info(&usb_dev->dev, "bcs Tag success\n");} else {dev_info(&usb_dev->dev, "bcs Tag fail\n");}return;}if (actual_length != 13) {response = (Response*) buffer;totalsize = (response->total_size[0] << 24)  |(response->total_size[1] << 16) | (response->total_size[2] << 8)  |  (response->total_size[3]);dev_info(&usb_dev->dev, "totalsize = %d\n", totalsize);blocksize = (response->block_size[0] << 24)  |(response->block_size[1] << 16) | (response->block_size[2] << 8)  |  (response->block_size[3]);dev_info(&usb_dev->dev, "block_size = %d\n", blocksize);//now read bcsbcs = kmalloc(sizeof(*bcs), GFP_ATOMIC);memset(bcs, 0, sizeof(struct bulk_cb_wrap));bcs->Status = 10; //just check to see if the result status will be changed to 0 by the usb device  .status = usb_bulk_msg(usb_dev,usb_rcvbulkpipe(usb_dev, endpoint_in_addr), bcs,US_BULK_CS_WRAP_LEN, &actual_length, 50);if (status == 0) {dev_info(&usb_dev->dev, "actual_length2 %d\n", actual_length);dev_info(&usb_dev->dev, "bcs Status %d\n", bcs->Status);if (bcs->Status == 0) {dev_info(&usb_dev->dev, "bcs Status success\n");}dev_info(&usb_dev->dev, "bcs Tag 0x%x\n", bcs->Tag);if (bcs->Tag == MYTAG) {dev_info(&usb_dev->dev, "bcs Tag success\n");} else {dev_info(&usb_dev->dev, "bcs Tag fail\n");}}}}struct vdsk_dev {unsigned long size;u8 *data;spinlock_t lock;struct gendisk *mydisk;struct request_queue *queue;
};struct vdsk_dev *dev;int myprobe(struct usb_interface *interface, const struct usb_device_id *id) {unsigned int i;unsigned int endpoints_count;int endpoint_type;int interfaceClass;int interfaceSubClass;int interfaceProtocol;struct usb_endpoint_descriptor endpoint_descriptor;struct usb_host_interface *iface_desc = interface->cur_altsetting;usb_dev = interface_to_usbdev(interface);dev_info(&interface->dev, "myprobe start\n");dev_info(&interface->dev, "idVendor = %x\n", id->idVendor);dev_info(&interface->dev, "idProduct = %x\n", id->idProduct);endpoints_count = iface_desc->desc.bNumEndpoints;dev_info(&interface->dev, "endpoints_count = %d\n", endpoints_count);interfaceClass = iface_desc->desc.bInterfaceClass;interfaceSubClass = iface_desc->desc.bInterfaceSubClass;interfaceProtocol = iface_desc->desc.bInterfaceProtocol;//   dev_info(&interface->dev, "bInterfaceClass = 0x%x\n", interfaceClass);//  dev_info(&interface->dev, "interfaceSubClass = 0x%x\n", interfaceSubClass);// dev_info(&interface->dev, "interfaceProtocol = 0x%x\n", interfaceProtocol);switch (interfaceClass) {case USB_CLASS_MASS_STORAGE:dev_info(&interface->dev, "interfaceClass: USB_CLASS_MASS_STORAGE\n");break;default:dev_info(&interface->dev, "never \n");break;}switch (interfaceSubClass) {case USB_SC_SCSI:dev_info(&interface->dev, "interfaceSubClass: USB_SC_SCSI\n");break;default:dev_info(&interface->dev, "never \n");break;}switch (interfaceProtocol) {case USB_PR_BULK:dev_info(&interface->dev, "interfaceProtocol: USB_PR_BULK\n");break;default:dev_info(&interface->dev, "never \n");break;}for (i = 0; i < endpoints_count; i++) {endpoint_descriptor = iface_desc->endpoint[i].desc;if (usb_endpoint_is_bulk_out(&endpoint_descriptor)) {endpoint_out_addr = endpoint_descriptor.bEndpointAddress;}if (usb_endpoint_is_bulk_in(&endpoint_descriptor)) {endpoint_in_addr = endpoint_descriptor.bEndpointAddress;}dev_info(&interface->dev, "endpoint %d bDescriptorType = %d\n", i,endpoint_descriptor.bDescriptorType);dev_info(&interface->dev, "endpoint %d bEndpointAddress = %d\n", i,endpoint_descriptor.bEndpointAddress);endpoint_type = endpoint_descriptor.bmAttributes& USB_ENDPOINT_XFERTYPE_MASK;switch (endpoint_type) {case USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_CONTROL:dev_info(&interface->dev, "control endpoint\n");break;case USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_ISOC:dev_info(&interface->dev, "ISOCHRONOUS endpoint\n");break;case USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_BULK:dev_info(&interface->dev, "bulk endpoint\n");break;case USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_INT:dev_info(&interface->dev, "Interrupt  endpoint\n");break;default:dev_info(&interface->dev, "never \n");break;}}sendcmd();dev_info(&interface->dev, "myprobe end\n");return 0;
}void mydisconnect(struct usb_interface *intf) {dev_info(&intf->dev, "mydisconnect\n");kfree(bcs);kfree(bcb);kfree(buffer);
}static struct usb_device_id my_id_table[] = { { USB_INTERFACE_INFO(
USB_CLASS_MASS_STORAGE,
USB_SC_SCSI, USB_PR_BULK) }, { } };//static struct usb_device_id my_id_table[] = { { USB_DEVICE(USB_VENDOR_ID,
//USB_PRODUCT_ID) }, { } };MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(usb, my_id_table);static struct usb_driver my_usbdriver = { .name = "andy_usbdriver", .probe =myprobe, .disconnect = mydisconnect, .id_table = my_id_table, };module_usb_driver( my_usbdriver);MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Andy");

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