【转】 ABAP中的异常处理 - TRY CATCH的使用实例

在平时的ABAP开发中，需要捕获的异常通常为两种，一种是执行SQL，比如主键重复，INSERT语句字段类型不匹配等。还有就是RFC的通信错误，比如不能进行远程连接等。通常可以这么处理：
1.数据库异常：
　　DATA: lcx_error TYPE REF TO cx_root. "cx_sy_sql_error . "cx_sy_open_sql_db.
　　DATA i_tab LIKE TABLE OF spfli WITH HEADER LINE.
　　DATA err_text TYPE c LENGTH 1000.
　　
　　 TRY.
　　 INSERT spfli FROM TABLE i_tab.
　　 CATCH cx_sy_open_sql_db INTO lcx_error.
　　 err_text = lcx_error->get_text( ). "得到错误信息
　　 sy-subrc = 4. "改变系统变量
　　 ENDTRY.
　　
　　 IF sy-subrc <> 0.
　　 WRITE :/ '数据更新失败！'.
　　 WRITE err_text.
　　 ROLLBACK WORK.
　　 ELSE.
　　 WRITE :/ '数据更新成功！'.
　　 COMMIT WORK.
　　 ENDIF.
2.RFC异常：
TRY.
CALL FUNCTION 'Z_DAQ_CALL_JCO'
DESTINATION 'ZJCOSERVER_DAQ'
EXPORTING
pv_empid = l_empid
IMPORTING
pv_rlt = l_rlt
TABLES
it_spfli = i_tab
EXCEPTIONS
system_failure = 1 MESSAGE err_text
communication_failure = 2 MESSAGE err_text.
ENDTRY.
IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
WRITE: / '调用***失败！' , err_text.
ENDIF.

-------------------------------------
详细的信息可以参加下面的内容：
http://blog.csdn.net/CompassButton/archive/2007/04/03/1550818.aspx
1、异常分类
从sap 6.10开始，abap的异常分为两类：1)基于异常类的异常，2)非类异常。非类异常又分为系统定义异常（如：被0除异常）和用户自定义异常(用户自定义函数中由exception语句定义，raise语句产生的异常)。

异常有的是可以截获处理，用户可以截获做相应处理，系统将可以继续执行程序。如果用户不处理，系统将产生错误，并停止执行程序。有的异常为不可截获的错误异常，系统将直接产生错误，并停止执行程序。

2、异常处理语句
基于类异常相关语句：
a)TRY.
... guarded section
CATCH cx11 ... cx1n [INTO ex1].
... handlers for exceptions cx11 to cx1n
CATCH cx21 ... cx2m [INTO ex2].
... handlers for exceptions cx21 bis cx2m
... other handlers
CLEANUP.
... cleanup block
ENDTRY.

b)RAISE EXCEPTION TYPE class.

c)RAISING cx1 ... cxn

非类异常相关语句：
a)catch system-exceptions ARITHMETIC_ERRORS = 4.
....
endcatch.

c) raise (In function or method)

3、异常截获处理方法
Handling exceptions using/with exception classes 截获处理方法
data MYREF type ref to CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_ERROR.
data ERR_TEXT type STRING.
data RESULT type I.
try.
RESULT = 1 / 0.
catch cx_sy_arithmetic_error into MYREF.
ERR_TEXT = MYREF->GET_TEXT( ).
endtry.
Handling exceptions as catchable runtime errors (向后兼容6.10)
此异常处理sap建议使用try...endtry代替(错误和异常类对应关系参见第５部分)。
data RESULT type I.
catch system-exceptions ARITHMETIC_ERRORS = 4.
RESULT = 1 / 0.
endcatch.
if SY-SUBRC = 4.
...
endif.

４、代码样例
a)RAISING cx1 ... cxn
form adbc_exists_view using view_name type dd25l-viewname
changing subrc type sy-subrc
raising cx_sql_exception.

data: stmt type string,
ref type ref to data,
stmt_ref type ref to cl_sql_statement,
res_ref type ref to cl_sql_result_set,
cnt type sy-tabix.

subrc = 4.
create object stmt_ref.
get reference of view_name into ref.
stmt_ref->set_param( ref ).
stmt = 'select count(*) from user_views where view_name = ?'.
res_ref = stmt_ref->execute_query( stmt ).

* Host-Variable zur Ergebnisaufnahme zuordnen
get reference of cnt into ref.
res_ref->set_param( ref ).

res_ref->next( ).
if cnt = 1.
subrc = 0.
endif.
res_ref->close( ).

endform.

form exists_view using view_name type dd25l-viewname
changing subrc type sy-subrc.
try.
perform adbc_exists_view(sdb4fora)
using view_name
changing subrc.
catch cx_sql_exception.
subrc = 8.
endtry.
endform.
b)基于类的异常代码样例
5、错误与异常类对应关系
Exception group: ARITHMETIC_ERRORS

Class-based Exceptions Definition

*----------------------------------------------------------------------** CLASS class_exception DEFINITION*----------------------------------------------------------------------** All Exception Class must inherit from Class CX_ROOT or its subclass*----------------------------------------------------------------------*CLASS class_exception DEFINITION INHERITING FROM cx_static_check. PUBLIC SECTION. METHODS write_msg.ENDCLASS. "CX_SAMPLE_EXCEPTION DEFINITION
Class-based Exceptions Implementation

*----------------------------------------------------------------------** CLASS class_exception IMPLEMENTATION*----------------------------------------------------------------------*CLASS class_exception IMPLEMENTATION. METHOD write_msg. WRITE / 'Method of Class class_exception'. ENDMETHOD. ":ENDCLASS. "class_exception IMPLEMENTATION
Class main Definition

*----------------------------------------------------------------------** CLASS main DEFINITION*----------------------------------------------------------------------*CLASS main DEFINITION. PUBLIC SECTION.* This method use the class exceptions class_exception* to deal with error. To do this we use the statement RAISING METHODS action RAISING class_exception.ENDCLASS. "main DEFINITION
Class main Implementation

*----------------------------------------------------------------------** CLASS main IMPLEMENTATION*----------------------------------------------------------------------*CLASS main IMPLEMENTATION. METHOD action.* Here we're raising an exception that should be Treated by* exception class class_exception RAISE EXCEPTION TYPE class_exception. ENDMETHOD. "actionENDCLASS. "main IMPLEMENTATION
Defining Objects

DATA o_exception TYPE REF TO class_exception.DATA o_main TYPE REF TO main.
Instance Creation

START-OF-SELECTION. CREATE OBJECT o_main.
Calling Methods

* The statement TRY must be used to define a block that CATCH the exceptions TRY. o_main->action( ).* The Statement CATCH define a block that catches the exceptions of the* exception class class_exception CATCH class_exception. WRITE / 'Exception Caught'. ENDTRY.* The statement TRY must be used to define a block that CATCH the exceptions TRY. o_main->action( ).* The Statement CATCH define a block that catches the exceptions of the* exception class class_exception CATCH class_exception INTO o_exception. WRITE / 'Exception Caught'. o_exception->write_msg( ). ENDTRY.

(Associated superclass: CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_ERROR)

BCD_ZERODIVIDE CX_SY_ZERODIVIDE
COMPUTE_FLOAT_ZERODIVIDE CX_SY_ZERODIVIDE
COMPUTE_INT_ZERODIVIDE CX_SY_ZERODIVIDE
ADDF_INT_OVERFLOW CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
BCD_OVERFLOW CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_BCD_OVERFLOW CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_COSH_OVERFLOW CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_EXP_RANGE CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_FLOAT_DIV_OVERFLOW CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_FLOAT_MINUS_OVERFLOW CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_FLOAT_PLUS_OVERFLOW CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_FLOAT_TIMES_OVERFLOW CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_INT_ABS_OVERFLOW CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_INT_DIV_OVERFLOW CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_INT_MINUS_OVERFLOW CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_INT_PLUS_OVERFLOW CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_INT_TIMES_OVERFLOW CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_LOG10_ERROR CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW, CX_SY_ARG_OUT_OF_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_LOG_ERROR CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW, CX_SY_ARG_OUT_OF_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_MATH_OVERFLOW CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_POW_RANGE CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_SINH_OVERFLOW CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_ACOS_DOMAIN CX_SY_ARG_OUT_OF_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_ASIN_DOMAIN CX_SY_ARG_OUT_OF_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_ATAN_DOMAIN CX_SY_ARG_OUT_OF_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_COSH_DOMAIN CX_SY_ARG_OUT_OF_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_COS_DOMAIN CX_SY_ARG_OUT_OF_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_EXP_DOMAIN CX_SY_ARG_OUT_OF_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_MATH_DOMAIN CX_SY_ARG_OUT_OF_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_POW_DOMAIN CX_SY_ARG_OUT_OF_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_SINH_DOMAIN CX_SY_ARG_OUT_OF_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_SIN_DOMAIN CX_SY_ARG_OUT_OF_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_SQRT_DOMAIN CX_SY_ARG_OUT_OF_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_TANH_DOMAIN CX_SY_ARG_OUT_OF_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_COS_LOSS CX_SY_PRECISION_LOSS
COMPUTE_MATH_LOSS CX_SY_PRECISION_LOSS
COMPUTE_SIN_LOSS CX_SY_PRECISION_LOSS
COMPUTE_TAN_LOSS CX_SY_PRECISION_LOSS
BCD_FIELD_OVERFLOW CX_SY_CONVERSION_OVERFLOW

Exception group: CONVERSION_ERRORS

(Associated superclass: CX_SY_CONVERSION_ERROR)

BCD_FIELD_OVERFLOW CX_SY_CONVERSION_OVERFLOW
CONVT_OVERFLOW CX_SY_CONVERSION_OVERFLOW
CONVT_CODEPAGE CX_SY_CONVERSION_CODEPAGE
CONVT_NO_NUMBER CX_SY_CONVERSION_NO_NUMBER
BCD_OVERFLOW CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW

Exception group: CREATE_DATA_ERRORS

(Associated superclass: CX_SY_CREATE_ERROR)

This group contains runtime errors that may occur during the creation of data objects.

CREATE_DATA_UNKNOWN_TYPE CX_SY_CREATE_DATA_ERROR
CREATE_DATA_NOT_ALLOWED_TYPE CX_SY_CREATE_DATA_ERROR
CREATE_DATA_LEN_NOT_ALLOWED CX_SY_CREATE_DATA_ERROR
CREATE_DATA_ILLEGAL_LENGTH CX_SY_CREATE_DATA_ERROR
CREATE_DATA_ILLEGAL_DECIMALS CX_SY_CREATE_DATA_ERROR
CREATE_DATA_ILLEGAL_INIT_SIZE CX_SY_CREATE_DATA_ERROR

Exception group: CREATE_OBJECT_ERRORS

(Associated superclass: CX_SY_CREATE_ERROR)

This group contains runtime errors that may occur during the creation of objects.

CREATE_OBJECT_CLASS_NOT_FOUND CX_SY_CREATE_OBJECT_ERROR
CREATE_OBJECT_CLASS_ABSTRACT CX_SY_CREATE_OBJECT_ERROR
CREATE_OBJECT_CREATE_PRIVATE CX_SY_CREATE_OBJECT_ERROR
CREATE_OBJECT_CREATE_PROTECTED CX_SY_CREATE_OBJECT_ERROR

Exception group: DATA_ACCESS_ERRORS

(Associated superclass: CX_SY_DATA_ACCESS_ERROR)

This group contains runtime errors that may occur during subfield access (with offset/length) to data objects.

DATA_OFFSET_NEGATIVE CX_SY_RANGE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS
DATA_LENGTH_NEGATIVE CX_SY_RANGE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS
DATA_LENGTH_0 CX_SY_RANGE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS
DATA_LENGTH_TOO_LARGE CX_SY_RANGE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS
DATA_OFFSET_LENGTH_TOO_LARGE CX_SY_RANGE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS
REFI_WRONG_SECTION CX_SY_RANGE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS
STRING_OFFSET_NEGATIVE CX_SY_RANGE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS
STRING_OFFSET_TOO_LARGE CX_SY_RANGE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS
STRING_LENGTH_NEGATIVE CX_SY_RANGE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS
STRING_LENGTH_TOO_LARGE CX_SY_RANGE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS
STRING_OFFSET_LENGTH_TOO_LARGE CX_SY_RANGE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS
DATA_OFFSET_LENGTH_NOT_ALLOWED CX_SY_OFFSET_NOT_ALLOWED

Since a subfield access can occur in almost all statements, no keywords can be assigned.

Exception group: DYNAMIC_CALL_METHOD_ERRORS
(Associated superclass: CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ERROR)

This group contains runtime errors that may occur during a dynamic method call. These are normally errors that trigger a syntax error if the call is static.

DYN_CALL_METH_CLASS_ABSTRACT CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_CLASS
DYN_CALL_METH_CLASS_NOT_FOUND CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_CLASS
DYN_CALL_METH_CLASSCONSTRUCTOR CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_METHOD
DYN_CALL_METH_CONSTRUCTOR CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_METHOD
DYN_CALL_METH_NOT_FOUND CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_METHOD
DYN_CALL_METH_NO_CLASS_METHOD CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_METHOD
DYN_CALL_METH_PRIVATE CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_METHOD
DYN_CALL_METH_PROTECTED CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_METHOD
DYN_CALL_METH_EXCP_NOT_FOUND CX_SY_DYN_CALL_EXCP_NOT_FOUND
DYN_CALL_METH_PARAM_KIND CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_TYPE
DYN_CALL_METH_PARAM_LITL_MOVE CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_TYPE
DYN_CALL_METH_PARAM_TAB_TYPE CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_TYPE
DYN_CALL_METH_PARAM_TYPE CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_TYPE
DYN_CALL_METH_PARAM_MISSING CX_SY_DYN_CALL_PARAM_MISSING
DYN_CALL_METH_PARREF_INITIAL CX_SY_DYN_CALL_PARAM_MISSING
DYN_CALL_METH_PARAM_NOT_FOUND CX_SY_DYN_CALL_PARAM_NOT_FOUND
DYN_CALL_METH_REF_IS_INITIAL CX_SY_REF_IS_INITIAL

The following keywords are assigned to this exception group:

CALL METHOD

Exception group: FILE_ACCESS_ERRORS
(Associated superclass: CX_SY_FILE_ACCESS_ERROR)

This group contains runtime errors that may occur during file access. Typical examples are if the system cannot find the file, if no more space is available to write or create the file, or if the authorization to access the file is missing.

DATASET_CANT_CLOSE CX_SY_FILE_CLOSE
DATASET_CANT_OPEN CX_SY_FILE_OPEN
EXPORT_DATASET_CANNOT_OPEN CX_SY_FILE_OPEN
DATASET_WRITE_ERROR CX_SY_FILE_IO
DATASET_READ_ERROR CX_SY_FILE_IO
EXPORT_DATASET_WRITE_ERROR CX_SY_FILE_IO
DATASET_SEEK_ERROR CX_SY_FILE_POSITION
DATASET_NO_POSITION CX_SY_FILE_POSITION
DATASET_READ_ONLY CX_SY_FILE_OPEN_MODE
DATASET_NOT_OPEN CX_SY_FILE_OPEN_MODE
OPEN_DATASET_NO_AUTHORITY CX_SY_FILE_AUTHORITY
OPEN_PIPE_NO_AUTHORITY CX_SY_FILE_AUTHORITY
DATASET_TOO_MANY_FILES CX_SY_TOO_MANY_FILES
DATASET_NO_PIPE CX_SY_PIPES_NOT_SUPPORTED

Exception group: IMPORT_MISMATCH_ERRORS

(Common class: CX_SY_IMPORT_MISMATCH_ERROR)

This group contains runtime errors that may occur during the import of data

from the ABAP memory,
from the database,
from the SHARED BUFFER, or
from a file
if the type or the length of the data stored is not identical with that of the target type.

CONNE_IMPORT_WRONG_COMP_DECS CX_SY_IMPORT_MISMATCH_ERROR
CONNE_IMPORT_WRONG_COMP_LENG CX_SY_IMPORT_MISMATCH_ERROR
CONNE_IMPORT_WRONG_COMP_TYPE CX_SY_IMPORT_MISMATCH_ERROR
CONNE_IMPORT_WRONG_FIELD_DECS CX_SY_IMPORT_MISMATCH_ERROR
CONNE_IMPORT_WRONG_FIELD_LENG CX_SY_IMPORT_MISMATCH_ERROR
CONNE_IMPORT_WRONG_FIELD_TYPE CX_SY_IMPORT_MISMATCH_ERROR
CONNE_IMPORT_WRONG_OBJECT_TYPE CX_SY_IMPORT_MISMATCH_ERROR
CONNE_IMPORT_WRONG_STRUCTURE CX_SY_IMPORT_MISMATCH_ERROR
IMPORT_ALIGNMENT_MISMATCH CX_SY_IMPORT_MISMATCH_ERROR
IMPORT_WRONG_END_POS CX_SY_IMPORT_MISMATCH_ERROR

Exception group: LOCALIZATION_ERRORS

(Common class: CX_SY_LOCALIZATION_ERROR)

This group contains runtime errors that may occur when you switch to another text environment. Typical examples are if the required language is not allowed or if the system wants to switch to a character set which has not been released.

TEXTENV_CODEPAGE_NOT_ALLOWED CX_SY_LOCALIZATION_ERROR
TEXTENV_INVALID CX_SY_LOCALIZATION_ERROR
TEXTENV_KEY_INVALID CX_SY_LOCALIZATION_ERROR

Exception group: REMOTE_CALL_ERRORS

(Associated superclass: CX_SY_REMOTE_CALL_ERROR)

This group contains runtime errors that may occur during calls in remote systems (currently only CALL METHOD). Typical examples are network errors or the unexpected termination of the connection.

RMC_COMMUNICATION_FAILURE CX_SY_RMC_COMM_FAILURE
RMC_INVALID_STATUS CX_SY_RMC_INVALID_STATUS
RMC_SYSTEM_FAILURE CX_SY_RMC_SYSTEM_FAILURE

CALL METHOD

Not assigned to an exception group:

ASSIGN_CASTING_ILLEGAL_CAST CX_SY_ASSIGN_CAST_ILLEGAL_CAST
ASSIGN_CASTING_UNKNOWN_TYPE CX_SY_ASSIGN_CAST_UNKNOWN_TYPE
ASSIGN_FIELD_NOT_IN_RANGE CX_SY_ASSIGN_OUT_OF_RANGE
DATASET_OFFSET_TOO_LARGE CX_SY_FILE_POSITION
DYN_CALL_METH_NOT_IMPLEMENTED CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_METHOD
EXPORT_BUFFER_NO_MEMORY CX_SY_EXPORT_BUFFER_NO_MEMORY
GENERATE_SUBPOOL_DIR_FULL CX_SY_GENERATE_SUBPOOL_FULL
MOVE_CAST_ERROR CX_SY_MOVE_CAST_ERROR
PERFORM_PROGRAM_NAME_TOO_LONG CX_SY_PROGRAM_NOT_FOUND
REPLACE_INFINITE_LOOP CX_SY_REPLACE_INFINITE_LOOP

6、类异常类树

----------------------------

转载自：http://blog.tianya.cn/blogger/post_read.asp?BlogID=1031752&PostID=13418909

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