python3 pyinstaller 打包后执行文件运行错误 No such file or directory 和 Cannot load native module 解决方法

实例1.No such file or directory 错误 --add-binary 参数解决

实例2.Cannot load native module 错误强制引入解决

总结

使用 pyinstaller 打包 python3 程序经常会出现 No such file or directory 或 Cannot load native module 错误都是因为需要的文件未打入到最后的执行文件中，此时在使用pyinstaller时需要用到参数 --add-binary 以及在入口文件函数中加入使用代码来解决

实例1.No such file or directory 错误 --add-binary 参数解决

打包入口python文件：

pyinstaller -F -w test.py

运行打包后的执行文件：

[root@0109c795032d src]# ./dist/test
Traceback (most recent call last):File "test.py", line 19, in <module>from salt.client.ssh import ssh_py_shimFile "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_loadFile "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _find_and_load_unlockedFile "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 680, in _load_unlockedFile "PyInstaller/test/pyimod03_importers.py", line 540, in exec_moduleFile "salt/client/ssh/__init__.py", line 205, in <module>File "salt/utils/files.py", line 396, in fopen
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/tmp/_MEIudOUhL/salt/client/ssh/ssh_py_shim.pyc'
[5034] Failed to execute script test

通过报错可以看到是缺少文件，pyinstaller时增加 --add-binary 参数即可，具体如下：

pyinstaller -F -w test.py \
--add-binary="/opt/python3/lib/python*/site-packages/salt/client/ssh/ssh_py_shim.py:salt/client/ssh"

参数解释：

--add-binary的语法是：--add-binary <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>

src是打包后的执行文件，缺少的文件在本机的位置，

dest是运行执行文件时，需要动态拷贝到的目录位置，dest是相对目录，

打包后的执行文件绝对路径都是从 /tmp/_MEIudOUhL/ 开始的这里是_MEIudOUhL是自动产生的每次不一样

dest只需要写相对目录即可，比如这里是 salt/client/ssh

最后的绝对路径就是 /tmp/_MEIudOUhL/salt/client/ssh

src和dest分隔符 linux下是冒号: windows下是分号;

添加此参数含义就是把本机的 ssh_py_shim.py 文件打包到执行文件中，并且运行时动态释放到相对目录 salt/client/ssh 中，从而解决错误提示的找不到文件问题

需要注意：

错误提示中报错找不到 ssh_py_shim.pyc 但此处引入的时 ssh_py_shim.py

这是因为在整个函数调用栈中倒数第二层 salt/client/ssh/__init__.py 里边有如下代码：

if not is_windows():shim_file = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "ssh_py_shim.py")if not os.path.exists(shim_file):# On esky builds we only have the .pyc fileshim_file += "c"with salt.utils.files.fopen(shim_file) as ssh_py_shim:SSH_PY_SHIM = ssh_py_shim.read()

可以看到 ssh_py_shim.py 文件也是可以的，所以只要找到 ssh_py_shim.py 或者 ssh_py_shim.pyc 在 "salt/utils/files.py", line 396, 的 fopen 函数中都不会出现找不到文件错误

官网实例：

https://pyinstaller.readthedocs.io/en/stable/usage.html#shortening-the-command

里边展示了多个 --add-binary 和其他相关参数的使用实例

实例2.Cannot load native module 错误强制引入解决

pyinstaller 打包运行后错误如下：

  File "test/test.py", line 41, in init_testFile "salt/transport/client.py", line 27, in factoryFile "salt/utils/asynchronous.py", line 70, in __init__File "salt/transport/client.py", line 131, in factoryFile "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_loadFile "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _find_and_load_unlockedFile "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 680, in _load_unlockedFile "PyInstaller/test/pyimod03_importers.py", line 540, in exec_moduleFile "salt/transport/zeromq.py", line 23, in <module>File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_loadFile "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _find_and_load_unlockedFile "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 680, in _load_unlockedFile "PyInstaller/test/pyimod03_importers.py", line 540, in exec_moduleFile "salt/crypt.py", line 65, in <module>File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_loadFile "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _find_and_load_unlockedFile "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 680, in _load_unlockedFile "PyInstaller/test/pyimod03_importers.py", line 540, in exec_moduleFile "Cryptodome/Cipher/__init__.py", line 27, in <module>File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_loadFile "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _find_and_load_unlockedFile "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 680, in _load_unlockedFile "PyInstaller/test/pyimod03_importers.py", line 540, in exec_moduleFile "Cryptodome/Cipher/_mode_ecb.py", line 35, in <module>File "Cryptodome/Util/_raw_api.py", line 297, in load_pycryptodome_raw_lib
OSError: Cannot load native module 'Cryptodome.Cipher._raw_ecb': Trying '_raw_ecb.cpython-39-x86_64-linux-gnu.so': cannot load library '/tmp/_MEIPh0VXD/Cryptodome/Util/../Cipher/_raw_ecb.cpython-39-x86_64-linux-gnu.so': /tmp/_MEIPh0VXD/Cryptodome/Util/../Cipher/_raw_ecb.cpython-39-x86_64-linux-gnu.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory.  Additionally, ctypes.util.find_library() did not manage to locate a library called '/tmp/_MEIPh0VXD/Cryptodome/Util/../Cipher/_raw_ecb.cpython-39-x86_64-linux-gnu.so', Trying '_raw_ecb.abi3.so': cannot load library '/tmp/_MEIPh0VXD/Cryptodome/Util/../Cipher/_raw_ecb.abi3.so': /tmp/_MEIPh0VXD/Cryptodome/Util/../Cipher/_raw_ecb.abi3.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory.  Additionally, ctypes.util.find_library() did not manage to locate a library called '/tmp/_MEIPh0VXD/Cryptodome/Util/../Cipher/_raw_ecb.abi3.so', Trying '_raw_ecb.so': cannot load library '/tmp/_MEIPh0VXD/Cryptodome/Util/../Cipher/_raw_ecb.so': /tmp/_MEIPh0VXD/Cryptodome/Util/../Cipher/_raw_ecb.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory.  Additionally, ctypes.util.find_library() did not manage to locate a library called '/tmp/_MEIPh0VXD/Cryptodome/Util/../Cipher/_raw_ecb.so'

此错误也开始缺少文件，缺少 _raw_ecb.cpython-39-x86_64-linux-gnu.so 或 _raw_ecb.so 首先加入 --add-binary

pyinstaller -F -w test.py \
--add-binary="/opt/python3/lib/python*/site-packages/Crypto/Cipher/_raw_ecb.cpython-39-x86_64-linux-gnu.so:Cryptodome/Util/../Cipher"

打包运行还是报此错误，反复检查源文件目标地址都是正确的，

此时需要复制在后边工程中引用 _raw_ecb 造成错误的代码到入口函数

让pyinstaller充分知道我会使用 _raw_ecb.cpython-39-x86_64-linux-gnu.so 中的函数，从而强制打包此so文件

加入代码具体如下：

# 入口
if __name__ == "__main__":# 用于 pyinstaller 无法打包 salt 库try:ip = "127.0.0.1"port = 1234config = {'id': 'root','log_level': 'debug','master_ip': ip ,'master_port': port,'auth_timeout': 5,'auth_tries': 1,'master_uri': f'tcp://{ip}:{port}'}salt.transport.client.ReqChannel.factory(config, crypt='clear')except Exception as e:pass

再用pyinstaller打包

pyinstaller -F -w test.py \
--add-binary="/opt/python3/lib/python*/site-packages/Crypto/Cipher/_raw_ecb.cpython-39-x86_64-linux-gnu.so:Cryptodome/Util/../Cipher"

此时不用 --add-binary 也是应该可以的，未测试了

总结

出现错误总体思路还是通过函数调用栈来倒推分析，

如果出现找不到文件情况可以使用

1.--add-binary 参数

2.强制引入

来解决问题