python接口自动化测试(三)-requests.post()

上一节介绍了 requests.get() 方法的基本使用，本节介绍 requests.post() 方法的使用：

本文目录：

一、方法定义

二、post方法简单使用

　　1、带数据的post

　　2、带header的post

　　3、带json的post

　　4、带参数的post

　　5、普通文件上传

　　6、定制化文件上传

　　7、多文件上传

一、方法定义：

1、到官方文档去了下requests.post()方法的定义，如下:

2、源码：

3、常用返回信息：

二、post方法简单使用：

1、带数据的post：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
import jsonhost = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "post"
url = ''.join([host,endpoint])
data = {'key1':'value1','key2':'value2'}

r = requests.post(url,data=data)
#response = r.json()
print (r.text)

输出：

{"args": {}, "data": "", "files": {}, "form": {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}, "headers": {"Accept": "*/*", "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", "Connection": "close", "Content-Length": "23", "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", "Host": "httpbin.org", "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"}, "json": null, "origin": "183.14.133.88", "url": "http://httpbin.org/post"
}

2、带header的post：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
import json
host = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "post"url = ''.join([host,endpoint])
headers = {"User-Agent":"test request headers"}# r = requests.post(url)
r = requests.post(url,headers=headers)
#response = r.json()

输出：

{"args": {}, "data": "", "files": {}, "form": {}, "headers": {"Accept": "*/*", "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", "Connection": "close", "Content-Length": "0", "Host": "httpbin.org", "User-Agent": "test request headers"}, "json": null, "origin": "183.14.133.88", "url": "http://httpbin.org/post"
}

3、带json的post：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
import jsonhost = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "post"
url = ''.join([host,endpoint])
data = {"sites": [{ "name":"test" , "url":"www.test.com" },{ "name":"google" , "url":"www.google.com" },{ "name":"weibo" , "url":"www.weibo.com" }]
}

r = requests.post(url,json=data)
# r = requests.post(url,data=json.dumps(data))
response = r.json()

输出：

{"args": {}, "data": "{\"sites\": [{\"url\": \"www.test.com\", \"name\": \"test\"}, {\"url\": \"www.google.com\", \"name\": \"google\"}, {\"url\": \"www.weibo.com\", \"name\": \"weibo\"}]}", "files": {}, "form": {}, "headers": {"Accept": "*/*", "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", "Connection": "close", "Content-Length": "140", "Content-Type": "application/json", "Host": "httpbin.org", "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"}, "json": {"sites": [{"name": "test", "url": "www.test.com"}, {"name": "google", "url": "www.google.com"}, {"name": "weibo", "url": "www.weibo.com"}]}, "origin": "183.14.133.88", "url": "http://httpbin.org/post"
}

4、带参数的post：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
import jsonhost = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "post"url = ''.join([host,endpoint])
params = {'key1':'params1','key2':'params2'}# r = requests.post(url)
r = requests.post(url,params=params)
#response = r.json()
print (r.text)

输出：

{"args": {"key1": "params1", "key2": "params2"}, "data": "", "files": {}, "form": {}, "headers": {"Accept": "*/*", "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", "Connection": "close", "Content-Length": "0", "Host": "httpbin.org", "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"}, "json": null, "origin": "183.14.133.88", "url": "http://httpbin.org/post?key2=params2&key1=params1"
}

5、普通文件上传：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
import jsonhost = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "post"
url = ''.join([host,endpoint])
#普通上传
files = {'file':open('test.txt','rb')}r = requests.post(url,files=files)
print (r.text)

输出：

{"args": {}, "data": "", "files": {"file": "hello world!\n"}, "form": {}, "headers": {"Accept": "*/*", "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", "Connection": "close", "Content-Length": "157", "Content-Type": "multipart/form-data; boundary=392865f79bf6431f8a53c9d56c62571e", "Host": "httpbin.org", "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"}, "json": null, "origin": "183.14.133.88", "url": "http://httpbin.org/post"
}

6、定制化文件上传：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
import jsonhost = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "post"url = ''.join([host,endpoint])
#自定义文件名，文件类型、请求头
files = {'file':('test.png',open('test.png','rb'),'image/png')
}r = requests.post(url,files=files)
print (r.text)heman793

输出比较在，就不帖了。

7、多文件上传：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
import jsonhost = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "post"url = ''.join([host,endpoint])
#多文件上传
files = [('file1',('test.txt',open('test.txt', 'rb'))),('file2', ('test.png', open('test.png', 'rb')))]r = requests.post(url,files=files)
print (r.text)

输出上，太多内容，不帖了。

8、流式上传：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
import jsonhost = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "post"url = ''.join([host,endpoint])#流式上传
with open( 'test.txt' ) as f:r = requests.post(url,data = f)print (r.text)

输出：

{"args": {}, "data": "hello world!\n", "files": {}, "form": {}, "headers": {"Accept": "*/*", "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", "Connection": "close", "Content-Length": "13", "Host": "httpbin.org", "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"}, "json": null, "origin": "183.14.133.88", "url": "http://httpbin.org/post"
}

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