pycharm工程中的pip用不了怎么办？

在使用pycharm工程中的pip安装sympy时报以下错：

ERROR: Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 438, in _error_catcheryieldFile "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 519, in readdata = self._fp.read(amt) if not fp_closed else b""File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\cachecontrol\filewrapper.py", line 62, in readdata = self.__fp.read(amt)File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\http\client.py", line 449, in readn = self.readinto(b)File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\http\client.py", line 493, in readinton = self.fp.readinto(b)File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\socket.py", line 586, in readintoreturn self._sock.recv_into(b)File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\ssl.py", line 1012, in recv_intoreturn self.read(nbytes, buffer)File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\ssl.py", line 874, in readreturn self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\ssl.py", line 631, in readv = self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)
socket.timeout: The read operation timed outDuring handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:Traceback (most recent call last):File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\base_command.py", line 180, in _mainstatus = self.run(options, args)File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\req_command.py", line 204, in wrapperreturn func(self, options, args)File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\commands\install.py", line 319, in runreqs, check_supported_wheels=not options.target_dirFile "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\resolver.py", line 128, in resolverequirements, max_rounds=try_to_avoid_resolution_too_deepFile "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\resolvelib\resolvers.py", line 473, in resolvestate = resolution.resolve(requirements, max_rounds=max_rounds)File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\resolvelib\resolvers.py", line 341, in resolvename, crit = self._merge_into_criterion(r, parent=None)File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\resolvelib\resolvers.py", line 172, in _merge_into_criterionif not criterion.candidates:File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\resolvelib\structs.py", line 139, in __bool__return bool(self._sequence)File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\found_candidates.py", line 143, in __bool__return any(self)File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\found_candidates.py", line 129, in <genexpr>return (c for c in iterator if id(c) not in self._incompatible_ids)File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\found_candidates.py", line 33, in _iter_builtcandidate = func()File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\factory.py", line 205, in _make_candidate_from_linkversion=version,File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\candidates.py", line 312, in __init__version=version,File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\candidates.py", line 151, in __init__self.dist = self._prepare()File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\candidates.py", line 234, in _preparedist = self._prepare_distribution()File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\candidates.py", line 318, in _prepare_distributionself._ireq, parallel_builds=TrueFile "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\operations\prepare.py", line 508, in prepare_linked_requirementreturn self._prepare_linked_requirement(req, parallel_builds)File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\operations\prepare.py", line 552, in _prepare_linked_requirementself.download_dir, hashesFile "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\operations\prepare.py", line 243, in unpack_urlhashes=hashes,File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\operations\prepare.py", line 102, in get_http_urlfrom_path, content_type = download(link, temp_dir.path)File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\network\download.py", line 157, in __call__for chunk in chunks:File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\progress_bars.py", line 152, in iterfor x in it:File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\network\utils.py", line 86, in response_chunksdecode_content=False,File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 576, in streamdata = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content)File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 541, in readraise IncompleteRead(self._fp_bytes_read, self.length_remaining)File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\contextlib.py", line 99, in __exit__self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 443, in _error_catcherraise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, "Read timed out.")
pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out.
WARNING: You are using pip version 21.1.2; however, version 21.3.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\Scripts\python.exe -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.

尝试升级pip，结果pip也升不了级，并且报以下错：

C:\Users\Administrator>E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\Scripts\python.exe -m pip install --upgrade pip
Requirement already satisfied: pip in e:\project\pycharmprojects\p-001\venv\lib\site-packages (21.1.2)
ERROR: Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\base_command.py", line 180, in _mainstatus = self.run(options, args)File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\req_command.py", line 204, in wrapperreturn func(self, options, args)File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\commands\install.py", line 319, in runreqs, check_supported_wheels=not options.target_dirFile "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\resolver.py", line 128, in resolverequirements, max_rounds=try_to_avoid_resolution_too_deepFile "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\resolvelib\resolvers.py", line 473, in resolvestate = resolution.resolve(requirements, max_rounds=max_rounds)File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\resolvelib\resolvers.py", line 341, in resolvename, crit = self._merge_into_criterion(r, parent=None)File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\resolvelib\resolvers.py", line 172, in _merge_into_criterionif not criterion.candidates:File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\resolvelib\structs.py", line 139, in __bool__return bool(self._sequence)File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\found_candidates.py", line 143, in __bool__return any(self)File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\found_candidates.py", line 129, in <genexpr>return (c for c in iterator if id(c) not in self._incompatible_ids)File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\found_candidates.py", line 74, in _iter_built_with_insertedfor version, func in infos:File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\factory.py", line 272, in iter_index_candidate_infoshashes=hashes,File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\index\package_finder.py", line 879, in find_best_candidatecandidates = self.find_all_candidates(project_name)File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\index\package_finder.py", line 824, in find_all_candidatespage_candidates = list(page_candidates_it)File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\index\sources.py", line 134, in page_candidatesyield from self._candidates_from_page(self._link)File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\index\package_finder.py", line 783, in process_project_urlhtml_page = self._link_collector.fetch_page(project_url)File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\index\collector.py", line 512, in fetch_pagereturn _get_html_page(location, session=self.session)File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\index\collector.py", line 422, in _get_html_pageresp = _get_html_response(url, session=session)File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\index\collector.py", line 137, in _get_html_response"Cache-Control": "max-age=0",File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\sessions.py", line 555, in getreturn self.request('GET', url, **kwargs)File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\network\session.py", line 449, in requestreturn super().request(method, url, *args, **kwargs)File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\sessions.py", line 542, in requestresp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\sessions.py", line 655, in sendr = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\cachecontrol\adapter.py", line 53, in sendresp = super(CacheControlAdapter, self).send(request, **kw)File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\adapters.py", line 449, in sendtimeout=timeoutFile "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 696, in urlopenself._prepare_proxy(conn)File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 964, in _prepare_proxyconn.connect()File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\connection.py", line 359, in connectconn = self._connect_tls_proxy(hostname, conn)File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\connection.py", line 506, in _connect_tls_proxyssl_context=ssl_context,File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\util\ssl_.py", line 432, in ssl_wrap_socketssl_sock = _ssl_wrap_socket_impl(sock, context, tls_in_tls)File "E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\util\ssl_.py", line 474, in _ssl_wrap_socket_implreturn ssl_context.wrap_socket(sock)File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\ssl.py", line 407, in wrap_socket_context=self, _session=session)File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\ssl.py", line 773, in __init__raise ValueError("check_hostname requires server_hostname")
ValueError: check_hostname requires server_hostname
WARNING: You are using pip version 21.1.2; however, version 21.3.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'E:\Project\PycharmProjects\P-001\venv\Scripts\python.exe -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.

解决方法是：此处的pip用不了，那我们就使用python的安装文件下的pip呗~
为防止出现不可预料的意外，最好以管理员身份运行cmd,如下图所示：

因为已经设置了环境变量，所以直接输入命令“pip install sympy”，即可安装sympy,如下图所示：

C:\Users\Administrator>pip install sympy
Collecting sympyDownloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/78/43/33c5a5e7fbafbf51520f4e09cb0634a1ca1d4cd5469c57967e43183d7a42/sympy-1.9-py3-none-any.whl (6.2MB)100% |████████████████████████████████| 6.2MB 9.5kB/s
Collecting mpmath>=0.19 (from sympy)Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d4/cf/3965bddbb4f1a61c49aacae0e78fd1fe36b5dc36c797b31f30cf07dcbbb7/mpmath-1.2.1-py3-none-any.whl (532kB)100% |████████████████████████████████| 542kB 10kB/s
Installing collected packages: mpmath, sympy
Successfully installed mpmath-1.2.1 sympy-1.9
You are using pip version 18.1, however version 21.3.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.

然后新添加一个解释器，选择自己单独安装的python，对于博主而言，路径如下：
C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\Lib\site-packages

C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe

然后选择这个新添加的解释器及运行环境：

选择好之后就有sympy了~
并且可正常导入和使用，如下图所示：

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