这篇文章带你了解怎么整合RabbitMQ服务器，并且通过它怎么去发送和接收消息。我将构建一个springboot工程，通过RabbitTemplate去通过MessageListenerAdapter去订阅一个POJO类型的消息。

准备工作
15min
IDEA
maven 3.0
在开始构建项目之前，机器需要安装rabbitmq，你可以去官网下载，http://www.rabbitmq.com/download.html ，如果你是用的Mac，你可以这样下载：

brew install rabbitmq

安装完成后开启服务器：

rabbitmq-server

开启服务器成功，你可以看到以下信息：

         RabbitMQ 3.1.3. Copyright (C) 2007-2013 VMware, Inc.Licensed under the MPL.  See http://www.rabbitmq.com/Logs: /usr/local/var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@localhost.log/usr/local/var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@localhost-sasl.logStarting broker... completed with 6 plugins.

构建工程
构架一个SpringBoot工程，其pom文件依赖加上spring-boot-starter-amqp的起步依赖：

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId></dependency>

创建消息接收者
在任何的消息队列程序中，你需要创建一个消息接收者，用于响应发送的消息。

@Component
public class Receiver {private CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);public void receiveMessage(String message) {System.out.println("Received <" + message + ">");latch.countDown();}public CountDownLatch getLatch() {return latch;}}

消息接收者是一个简单的POJO类，它定义了一个方法去接收消息，当你注册它去接收消息，你可以给它取任何的名字。其中，它有CountDownLatch这样的一个类，它是用于告诉发送者消息已经收到了，你不需要在应用程序中具体实现它，只需要latch.countDown()就行了。

创建消息监听，并发送一条消息
在spring程序中，RabbitTemplate提供了发送消息和接收消息的所有方法。你只需简单的配置下就行了：

需要一个消息监听容器
声明一个quene,一个exchange,并且绑定它们
一个组件去发送消息
代码清单如下：

package com.forezp;import com.forezp.message.Receiver;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.adapter.MessageListenerAdapter;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootRabbitmqApplication {final static String queueName = "spring-boot";@BeanQueue queue() {return new Queue(queueName, false);}@BeanTopicExchange exchange() {return new TopicExchange("spring-boot-exchange");}@BeanBinding binding(Queue queue, TopicExchange exchange) {return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with(queueName);}@BeanSimpleMessageListenerContainer container(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory,MessageListenerAdapter listenerAdapter) {SimpleMessageListenerContainer container = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer();container.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);container.setQueueNames(queueName);container.setMessageListener(listenerAdapter);return container;}@BeanMessageListenerAdapter listenerAdapter(Receiver receiver) {return new MessageListenerAdapter(receiver, "receiveMessage");}public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(SpringbootRabbitmqApplication.class, args);}
}

创建一个测试方法：

@Component
public class Runner implements CommandLineRunner {private final RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;private final Receiver receiver;private final ConfigurableApplicationContext context;public Runner(Receiver receiver, RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate,ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {this.receiver = receiver;this.rabbitTemplate = rabbitTemplate;this.context = context;}@Overridepublic void run(String... args) throws Exception {System.out.println("Sending message...");rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(Application.queueName, "Hello from RabbitMQ!");receiver.getLatch().await(10000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);context.close();}}