Debian默认安装的python版本分别是2.7和3.4，但是Python3.4都快要退出舞台了,为了项目需求得提升一下python版本，想来想去最好还是用最新版本的python吧.

为了防止因卸载老版本python系统出错，所以老版本python就不卸载了，直接安装新版本python

编译安装python3.7.4,这里记录下安装过程.

安装

安装编译依赖的包1apt-get install build-essential libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev libreadline6-dev libdb5.3-dev libgdbm-dev libsqlite3-dev libssl-dev libbz2-dev libexpat1-dev liblzma-dev zlib1g-dev ca-certificates -y

下载源码包1

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8wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.4/Python-3.7.4.tar.xz

tar xf Python-*.tar.xz

cd Python-*

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3.7

make

make install

安装完成后执行make clean

配置1

2ln -s /usr/local/python3.7/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/python37

ln -s /usr/local/python3.7/bin/pip3 /usr/local/bin/pip37

报错解决方法

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘_ctypes’

3.7版本需要一个新的包libffi-devel,要执行下面的命令1apt-get install libffi-dev

Fatal Python error: _PySys_BeginInit: can’t initialize sys module

./configure --enable-optimizations编译有时会报错,可能是系统或者gcc的原因,编译的时候去掉--enable-optimizations就好了.

安装python3.7后发现使用pip会出现如下报错：1pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.

python3.7需要的openssl的版本为1.0.2或者1.1.x,需要对openssl进行升级，并重新编译python3.7.4

下载最新的openssl1wget https://www.openssl.org/source/old/1.1.1/openssl-1.1.1b.tar.gz

编译安装1

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5tar xf openssl*.tar.gz

cd open*

./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl no-zlib #不需要zlib

make

make install

备份原配置1

2mv /usr/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl.bak

mv /usr/include/openssl/ /usr/include/openssl.bak

新版配置1

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5#将安装好的openssl 的openssl命令软连到/usr/bin/openssl

ln -s /usr/local/openssl/include/openssl /usr/include/openssl

#将安装好的openssl命令软连到/usr/bin/openssl

ln -s /usr/local/openssl/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl

修改系统配置1

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4#写入openssl库文件的搜索路径

echo "/usr/local/openssl/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf

#使修改后的/etc/ld.so.conf生效

ldconfig -v

查看openssl版本

之后重新编译安装python3.7

注意：需要指定openssl的安装路径，--with-openssl1

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3./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3.7 --with-openssl=/usr/local/openssl

make

make install